Diversity of social wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in three fragments of semideciduous seasonal forest in the northwest of São Paulo State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Size at morphological maturity of Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) in the Laranjeiras Bay, Southern Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Thermodynamic properties of water sorption of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) as a function of moisture content

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Children's labour as a risky pathways to resilience: children's growth in contexts of poor resources

Nesse artigo, analisamos a questão do trabalho infantil como um fenômeno complexo, englobando fatores de risco por um lado e possíveis resultados positivos por outro. Baseados na teoria da resiliência e a partir de uma revisão de literatura, centrada em pesquisas que analisam a própria experiência de crianças sobre o trabalho desenvolvido, mostramos que quando inseridos em ecologias socialmente e fisicamente pobres em recursos, crianças associam sua experiência de trabalho como um caminho para assegurar recursos próprios para superação de adversidades. A compreensão de aspectos subjetivos da experiência de crianças trabalhadores nos permite considerar o trabalho como uma construção culturalmente embasada. Apesar da exploração de crianças não se configurar como o melhor para elas, há evidências de que elas usam quaisquer oportunidades disponíveis, incluindo o trabalho, para navegar em busca de recursos que necessitam e negociam por uma identidade associada à resiliência. Implicações para políticas públicas e intervenções também são discutidas.

Avaliação do comportamento sexual em touros Nelore: comparação entre os testes da libido em curral e do comportamento sexual a campo

Objetivou-se determinar a eficiência do teste da libido realizado em curral em comparação ao teste realizado a campo e relacioná-los à taxa de gestação em estação de monta de 120 dias. Treze touros aptos à reprodução foram submetidos ao teste da libido em curral por 3 horas. Desses touros, nove foram submetidos à avaliação a campo na proporção touro:vaca de 1:33. A cada 21 dias, foi diagnosticada a gestação por meio de avaliações ultra-sonográficas. No teste em curral, observou-se que, quanto maior o tempo, maiores foram os escores de classificação e que nenhum touro efetuou serviço completo nos 10 minutos iniciais do teste. Com um touro classificado como muito bom obteve-se 84,80% de prenhez, porém touros questionáveis proporcionaram taxas de prenhez de 86,67 e 96,55% ao final da estação. As correlações entre características físicas e morfológicas do sêmen mantiveram-se próximas de zero ou foram nulas. Os principais sinais fisiológicos do comportamento sexual foram o ato de cheirar ou lamber o corpo da fêmea, cheirar ou lamber a vulva, seguidos ou não por reflexo de Flehmen. em animais da raça Nelore, o tempo de 30 minutos de observação mostrou-se mais eficiente para a realização do teste da libido em curral. O teste da libido realizado a campo no período diurno não foi eficaz em predizer a libido de todos os animais estudados, em decorrência, provavelmente, do comportamento sexual noturno de alguns reprodutores.

LARVAL DISPERSION OF ORMIA-DEPLETA (TOWNS) (DIPT, TACHINIDAE)

The dispersion patterns of the larval planidia of Ormia depleta was studied in circular arenas. After placing 25 larvae in the center of the arena, their angle of distribution and distance travelled was recorded 15 min later. No innate directional orientations were evidenced, nor was evidence found for either positive or negative orientation to point sound and light sources. In all cases, dispersion was bimodal, with most dispersing only 1 cm, and a much smaller peak found at 10 cm. The bimodality of dispersal distances may be a response to the sexual behavior of its host, mole crickets of the genus Scapteriscus.

Collection of Fafia [Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen] in northwestern state of Parana-Brazil

Interviews were conducted with fafia (Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen) collectors from the municipal districts of Querencia do Norte and Porto Rico, where enterprises and buyers of this plant are concentrated. The results allowed us to conclude that both the adults and children make collection. Each adult collects from 50 to 150 kg of roots/day, depending on the collection area, for about 8 months/year. Collections mostly occur all over the year, but the activity becomes more intense from May to August. All families are not exclusively dedicated to fafia collection and also develop other rural activities. They have been collecting fafia for 2 to 13 years, indicating that an intensive exploitation has been present in the region for over a decade. During collection, no plant part is used for replanting the species. The roots are commercialised by regional buyers. The price of the roots varies from US $ 0.07 to US $ 0.13/kg and average gain is about US $ 2,055/family/year, representing a considerable profit for the collectors.

The first cytogenetic report of fireflies (Coleoptera, Lampyridae) from Brazilian fauna

The first cytogenetic analysis of fireflies from Brazilian fauna was carried out in this work. The investigation of two species of the subfamily Lampyrinae, Aspisoma maculatum and Photinus sp. (aff. pyralis), showed the diploid number 2n = 19 and an X0 sex determination system in males. These observations are similar to those already described for all the Lampyrinae species previously studied. In contrast, Bicellonycha lividipennis (Photurinae) revealed the karyotype 2n = 16 + neoXY, which has not yet been registered for any firefly species. The neoXY sex determination system encountered in this species probably arose through fusion between an ancestral X sex chromosome, belonging to the X0 system, and an autosomal element. This event also reduced the diploid number from 2n = 19, which is more frequent in the family Lampyridae, to 2n = 18 in B. lividipennis. The analysis of meiotic cells showed that the neoXY sexual bivalent of B. lividipennis exhibited a prominent terminal chiasma, indicating that the sex chromosomes are not wholly differentiated and still retain a region of homology. A review of the cytogenetic data known for the family Lampyridae was also documented in this work, as well as a discussion on the main trends of chromosomal evolution that seem to have occurred in this group.

Reproductive biology of the neotropical superfetaceous Pamphorichthys hollandi (Cyprinodontiformes : Poeciliidae)

We investigated sex ratio, reproductive period, fecundity, and sexual dimorphism of Pamphorichthys hollandi in southeastern Brazil. Reproductive status was identified according to a female's gonads/embryos development scale. of the 613 collected specimens, 373 (60 %) were females and 240 (40 %) males giving a sex ratio of I male: 1.6 female. Sexual dimorphism was evident in respect to body size, body coloration, and anal and pelvic-fin morphologies. The highest proportion of reproductive females was registered in January and February, which represent wet and hot periods. The simultaneous presence of more than one litter at different stages of development within a single female characterized this species as superfetaceous.

The influence of cyclosporin a on mechanical retention of dental implants previously integrated to the bone: A study in rabbits

Background: Immunosuppressive agents may induce severe changes on bone metabolism and may impair the osseointegration process during the implant healing. No data are available concerning the influence of cyclosporin A on dental implants previously integrated to the bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cyclosporin A administration on the mechanical retention of bone previously integrated to dental implants.Methods: Eighteen female New Zealand rabbits were submitted to an implant surgery. Each animal received one commercial dental implant of 10 x 3.75 mm. After 12 weeks of an undisturbed healing period, six animals were randomly sacrificed and the removal torque test was performed (group A). In addition, six animals were submitted to a daily injection of cyclosporin A in a dosage of 10 mg/kg (group C), and six animals received saline solution as a control (group B). After 12 weeks of cyclosporin A administration, groups B and C were sacrificed and submitted to a removal torque test in which higher values can be interpreted as higher mechanical bone retention to the implant surface or higher osseointegration.Results: the removal torque results were 30.5 (+/- 9.8) Ncm for group A, 50.17 (+/- 17.5) Ncm for group B, and 26 (+/- 7.8) Ncm for group C. The statistical analysis showed significant differences between groups A and B (P < 0.05) and groups B and C (P < 0.01).Conclusion: Cyclosporin A administration may impair the mechanical retention of dental implants previously integrated to the bone.

The effect of hetero- and homosexual experience and long-term treatment with fluoxetine on homosexual behavior in male rats

Introduction the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have become the most frequently prescribed drugs for the treatment of depression. Sexual side effects have been noted to occur with this treatment on heterosexual behavior in rats. Heterosexual experience facilitates sexual orientation of male rats and decreases the latencies to first mount and first intromission. on the other hand, homosexual behavior in male rats induced by female hormones has not been evaluated.Aim the objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of heterosexual and homosexual experience in male rats long-term treated with fluoxetine (FLX) on homosexual hormone-induced behavior.Materials and Methods Male rats were treated with FLX or saline solution (10 mg/kg for 65 days). At days 36, 50, and 65 of the treatment, the rats were evaluated for homosexual behavior. Other rats treated with FLX or saline solution for 60 consecutive days were submitted to heterosexual behavior at 14, 21, and 28 days of the treatment. After this, they were orquiectomized and homosexual hormone-induced behavior was observed at 45 and 60 days of the treatment.Results (1) Only treatment with FLX did not affect the homosexual behavior. (2) the homosexual experience facilitated the homosexual behavior mainly on the animals from the control group. (3) the heterosexual experience facilitated the homosexual behavior on both groups.Conclusions Only long-term administration of FLX does not interfere with the homosexual behavior in male rats. The homosexual and the heterosexual experience facilitated the homosexual behavior on the control and experimental groups. We suggested that learning aspects related to sexual behavior are responsible by these results.

Sexual dimorphism in Ceraeochrysa cubana (Neuroptera : Chrysopidae)

Sexual dimorphism of green lacewings is discussed, citing previously known examples of this structural phenomenon on the frons, antennal scape, and forewings. Newly recognized dimorphism is cited in Ceraeochrysa cubana for the vertex and abdominal spiracles.

Breeding of the Scuttle Fly Megaselia scalaris in a fish Carcass and Implications for the use in Forensic Entomology (Diptera: Phoridae).

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Behavior of the wild coriander (eryngium foetidum L.) in subtropical conditions

The adaptability of wild coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.) a seasoning and medicinal herb indigenous of the Amazon region was evaluated in a subtropical city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Germination of seeds was extremely irregular with the first seeds germinating 10 days after the sowing, but the process lasted 90 days. The exploitation of this specie is possible in subtropical conditions without interruption of production but further study on the feasibility elimination of seed and flower are necessary to permit a greater yield of foliage.

Collection of Fáfia [Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen] in Northwestern State of Paraná - Brazil

Interviews were conducted with fáfia (Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen) collectors from the municipal districts of Querência do Norte and Porto Rico, where enterprises and buyers of this plant are concentrated. The results allowed us to conclude that both the adults and children make collection. Each adult collects from 50 to 150 kg of roots/day, depending on the collection area, for about 8 months/year. Collections mostly occur all over the year, but the activity becomes more intense from May to August. All families are not exclusively dedicated to fáfia collection and also develop other rural activities. They have been collecting fáfia for 2 to 13 years, indicating that an intensive exploitation has been present in the region for over a decade. During collection, no plant part is used for replanting the species. The roots are commercialised by regional buyers. The price of the roots varies from US $ 0.07 to US $ 0.13/kg and average gain is about US $ 2,055/family/year, representing a considerable profit for the collectors.