Heating effects on physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of flaxseed hull oil (Linum usitatissimum L)

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of heating on some quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of flaxseed hull oil. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and Cox value decreased during heating. Heating process led to considerable increase in saponification value (SV), peroxide value (PV), p-anisidine value (p-AnV), oxidative value (OV) and specific extinction at 232 and 270 nm. There was a significant decrease in oil stability during heating process (1.4-1.0 h). Fuel properties of flaxseed hull oil were also changed after heating treatment. Heating process caused loss of total phenolic acids, total flavanoids, carotenoids and chlorophyll pigments. Phospholipids (PL) content were less changed compared to other bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity of flaxseed hull oil decreased during heating process.

Characterization of constituents, quality and stability of pomegranate seed oil (Punica granatum L.)

Abstract This study aimed to characterize pomegranate seed oil and evaluate its quality and stability parameters against those of linseed oil. The profile of fatty acids and phytosterols and the content of tocopherols were analyzed by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The quality of both oils was assessed as recommended by the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) and stability was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching (coupled oxidation of β-carotene/linoleic acid) and Rancimat® assays. While α-linolenic acid (52%) was the most abundant fatty acid in linseed oil (LO), punicic acid (55%) was highest in pomegranate seed oil (PSO). Tocopherols and phytosterols (175 and 539 mg/100 g, respectively) were greater in PSO than in LO (51 and 328 mg/100 g, respectively). Both oils met quality standards. The β-carotene bleaching and the DPPH assays showed greater oxidative stability for PSO than for LO. The Rancimat® method, on the other hand, indicated low stability for both oils.

Effects of oil-water mixed frying and pure-oil frying on the quality characteristics of soybean oil and chicken chop

Abstract The effects of oil-water mixed frying (OWF) and pure-oil frying (POF) on changes in quality characteristics of soybean oil and chicken chop during six days of frying were comparatively investigated. The results showed that the changes in specific extinction coefficients, p-anisidine value, carbonyl value, viscosity and color of soybean oil were more pronounced in the case of POF, indicating that oil oxidative and polymeric degradation was retarded by OWF. Concerning fat content of chicken chop, lower (p<0.05) values were observed in the last three days in the case of OWF than POF. Meanwhile, OWF led to lower acrylamide formation in chops during the six days. Sensory evaluation showed that OWF provided chops with five attributes similar to those of chops fried by POF on the first day. As frying days increased, the decreases in scores for color, odor, flavor and overall acceptability were less in the case of OWF. In conclusion, OWF could be a worthwhile alternative for retarding oil deterioration and producing healthier and higher quality fried meat products.

Effect of incorporation of nutraceutical capsule waste of safflower oil in the mechanical characteristics of corn starch films

Abstract Biodegradable films blends made of safflower oil nutraceutical capsules waste corn starch (20:4, 30:4, 40:4 and 50:4) were prepared. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of addition of different concentrations of safflower oil nutraceutical capsule waste in the mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus) and thickness of corn starch films. A decrease in tensile strength and Young’s modulus and an increase in elongation at break were observed with the increase in the content of the nutraceutical capsule waste. The results showed that the blends of safflower oil capsules waste-corn starch films demonstrated promising characteristics to form biodegradable films with different mechanical characteristics.

Rethinking "energy nationalism": a study of the relationship between nation states and companies in the oil industry

ABSTRACTThe term "energy nationalism" is frequently used by academic literature and media, but usually without adequate conceptual accuracy. Despite this, a set of papers deepens the discussion on the relationship between nation states and the energy industry, especially the oil sector. These papers allow identifying fundamental elements to understand the energy nationalism, either complementary or divergent between each other. Thus, this study aims at presenting an interpretation of the concept that fills the gaps left by the above mentioned literature based on a global analysis of the oil industry structure and its historical evolution since the mid-19thcentury.

Tavanomaisen irtaimen esineen sale and lease back -järjestely. Tarkastelussa erityisesti vuokralleottajan sivullissuoja.

Tutkielman aiheena on tavanomaisen irtaimen esineen sale and lease back -järjestely. Järjestelyyn kuuluu nimensä mukaisesti luovutus ja takaisinvuokraus. Kokonaisjärjestelyn avulla rahoittaja ja luotonsaaja pyrkivät luomaan luotonmaksun vakuudeksi omistusoikeuteen perustuvan esinevakuuden. Järjestelyn tavoitteena on, että luotonsaajan asemassa oleva myyjä pystyisi käyttämään samaa esinettä samanaikaisesti sekä va-kuusobjektina että elinkeinotoimintansa tuotantovälineenä. Juuri siitä syystä, että luo-tonsaaja tarvitsee esinettä koko ajan elinkeinotoiminnassaan, ei panttausta voida käyttää. Tutkielma on oikeusdogmaattinen ja sen pyrkimyksenä on antaa selkeä kokonaiskäsitys irtaimen esineen sale and lease back -järjestelystä ja sen käytettävyydestä vakuusjärjestelynä. Oikeusdogmaattiselle tutkimukselle tyypillisesti tutkielmassa tarkastellaan olemassa olevaa tietomateriaalia. Keskeisimmät tutkielmassa käytetyt kirjallisuuslähteet ovat Jarno Teporan useat sale and lease back -järjestelyyn keskittyvät artikkelit, Jarmo Tuomiston omistusvakuuksia koskeva kirjallisuus sekä Erkki Havansin esineoikeudellinen perusteos Esinevakuudet. Virallislähteistä selvästi merkittävimmät ovat vuonna 1997 voimaantullut maakaari ja sen esityöt. Tutkimuksessa keskitytään erityisesti vuokralleottajan sivullissuojaan. Näin ollen tärkeimmäksi tutkimuskysymykseksi jäsentyy se, voiko sale and lease back -järjestelyssä ostajan roolissa oleva sijoittaja tai rahoittaja saavuttaa järjestelyn avulla kollisiotilanteiden varalta turvaavan vakuusaseman. Tutkimuksen kannalta keskeinen omistusvakuus-järjestely on vakuusluovutus, jollaiseksi vakuustarkoituksessa tehty sale and lease back -järjestely melko vakiintuneesti tulkitaan. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan mahdollisuutta hyväksyä sale and lease back -järjestely rahoittajalle dynaamista kollisiosuojaa tarjoavaksi vakuusjärjestelyksi ilman julkivarmistusta. Toisaalta selvitetään julkivarmistuksen toteuttamisen mahdollisuutta ilman hallinnansiirtoa muun muassa maakaaren 14:4.1:n 1 kohdan mukaisen kirjaamisen avulla. Nykylainsäädännön puitteissa järjestelyn hyväksyminen itsenäiseksi omistusvakuudeksi näyttää olevan epätodennäköistä ja ilman julkivarmistusta dynaaminen sivullissuoja jää saavuttamatta, vaikka järjestely on sitova inter partes. Tutkimuksen loppupäätelmissä pohditaan, voisiko sale and lease back -järjestelyyn liittyviä ongelmia ratkaista muuttamalla voimassa olevaa lainsäädäntöä tai antamalla täysin uutta lainsäädäntöä. Asiaa pohditaan myös oikeusvertailun keinoin selvittäen muiden Pohjoismaiden sekä Saksan oikeusjärjestelmien kantaa järjestelyyn.

Spiking Back

Brock Women's Volleyball in a 1977 match.

Project Summary Back

The project summary for Alphies Trough.

Back of Thistle

This view of Thistle from the northeast is taken from what is now the Jubilee Courtyard.

Investigating the potential of thecamoebians (testate amoebae) as bio-indicators of impact of oil sands mining operations on freshwater environments in Northeastern Alberta, Canada

Thecamoebian (testate amoeba) species diversity and assemblages in reclamation wetlands and lakes in northeastern Alberta respond to chemical and physical parameters associated with oil sands extraction. Ecosystems more impacted by OSPM (oil sands process-affected material) contain sparse, low-diversity populations dominated by centropyxid taxa and Arcella vulgaris. More abundant and diverse thecamoebian populations rich in difflugiid species characterize environments with lower OSPM concentrations. These shelled protists respond quickly to environmental change, allowing year-to-year variations in OSPM impact to be recorded. Their fossil record thus provides corporations with interests in the Athabasca Oil Sands with a potential means of measuring the progression of highlyimpacted aquatic environments to more natural wetlands. Development of this metric required investigation of controls on their fossil assemblage (e.g. seasonal variability, fossilization potential) and their biogeographic distribution, not only in the constructed lakes and wetlands on the oil sands leases, but also in natural environments across Alberta.

A phenomenological approach to understanding the psychological response to chronic low back pain

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a complex health problem of psychological manifestations not fully understood. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis, 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted to help understand the meaning of the lived experience of CLBP; focusing on the psychological response to pain and the role of depression, catastrophizing, fear-avoidance behavior, anxiety and somatization. Participants characterized CLBP as persistent tolerable low back pain (TLBP) interrupted by periods of intolerable low back pain (ILBP). ILBP contributed to recurring bouts of helplessness, depression, frustration with the medical system and increased fear based on the perceived consequences of anticipated recurrences, all of which were mediated by the uncertainty of such pain. During times of TLBP all participants pursued a permanent pain consciousness as they felt susceptible to experience a recurrence. As CLBP progressed, participants felt they were living with a weakness, became isolated from those without CLBP and integrated pain into their self-concept.

Integrating vitrinite reflectance, rock-eval pyrolysis, flourescence microscopy and palynology of the Athabasca oil sands, Kearl Lake area, northeastern Alberta

Three cores from the Kearl Lake Oil Sands area within the Athabasca deposit of northeastern Alberta have been analyzed to understand the thermal history of the McMurray and Clearwater formations of the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group. The approach involves the integration of vitrinite reflectance (VR), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, fluorescence microscopy, and palynology. Mean VR varies between 0.21 and 0.43% Ro and indicates thermally immature levels equivalent to the rank of lignite to sub-bituminous coal. Although differing lithologies have influenced VR to some extent (i.e., coals and bitumen-rich zones), groundwater influence and oxidation seem not to have measurably altered YR. Rock-Eval analysis points to Type III/IV kerogen, and samples rich in amorphous organic matter (ADM) show little to no fluorescence characteristics, implying a terrestrial source of origin. Palynology reveals the presence of some delicate macerals but lack of fluorescence and abundant ADM suggests some degradation and partial oxidation of the samples.

Second Welland Canal - Book 2, Survey Map 9 - Back Water Bodies in Thorold

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the Back Water bodies in Thorold Township. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. A number of trees along the shores presumably used in the measurements are labelled. Local area landmarks are also identified and include streets and roads(ex. Road to Beaverdams), Shriner's Dwelling Home, a barn, and the Back Water bodies. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 27, 28, and 29, W. Bouck, D. Shriner, and Rev. T. B. Fuller.

Second Welland Canal - Book 3, Survey Map 3 - Vanalstines Creek and Back Water in Thorold

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the canal in Thorold Township near Port Robinson. Identified structures associated with the Canal include towing path. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are also identified and include roads (ex. Road to Font Hill), bridges, Back Water, and Vanalstines Creek. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 203, 204, and 205, John Coulter, and Samuel Hill.