Przegla̜d literatury historyi Żydów w Polsce : 1899 - 1907

Majer Balaban

Victims of War must be loyal to deserve protection: International law and national legislation on enemy aliens 1907-1918

In international law the internment of civilians has only been regulated in writing in the context of the 4th Geneva Convention of 1949. Nevertheless this did not mean that civilians were not protected by at least some rules of customary international law before that date and especially in World War I. Furthermore specialists of international law expected states – at least those considered to be part of the community of civilized nations – to continue to treat all men equal before the law even in wartime. As research already conducted (Bird, Panayi, Fischer) has shown, this was not the case during World War I. Based on these findings the presentation proposed here wants to look into the development of international law and into some national preparations for treating so called “enemy aliens” in the period before 1914 (Austria-Hungary, Australia, United Kingdom), in order to see to what extent principles of international law protecting civilians from the consequences of war can be detected in the pre-war preparations. As far as can be judged so far the issue of loyalty was central in this context. Looking at the war itself, the presentation proposed here will try to look at how far the principles of international law alluded to above continued to influence the policies on “enemy aliens” in the countries mentioned and to see, how the International Committee of the Red Cross tried to use them to legitimize and expand its protective policies in regard to civilians interned in belligerent as well as neutral countries throughout the war.

Festschrift zur Einweihung des eigenen Heims : Lehranstalt für die Wissenschaft des Judentums ; Berlin am 22. Oktober 1907

von J. Elbogen u. J. Höniger

L' evolution religieuse en Israe͏̈l : Rede v. 16. Okt. 1907

Alexandre Perrochet

Worte des Abschieds bei der Entlassungsfeier-Feier im Rabbiner-Seminar zu Berlin am 27. Dezember 1907

gesprochen von R. Leszynsky

Der politische Antisemitismus von 1907 - 1911

von Lorenz Curtius

Lebensdaten der auf dem Ehrenfelde D.-Südwestafrikas gebliebenen Offiziere : 1904 - 1907 ; zum Gedenkblatt

Fritz Emunds

Festpredigt : anläßlich der zweiten Hauptversammlung des "Verbandes der Deutschen Juden" ; am 12.Oktober 1907 in der Hauptsynagoge zu Frankfurt a.M.

gehalten von Rabbiner Dr. C. Seligmann