The debt, the stock market and the state-owned enterprises. The sources of chaos on the Chinese financial markets. OSW Commentary NUMBER 201/16.03.2016

The government’s extensive programme for stimulating the economy has enabled China to maintain high economic growth after the global financial crisis in 2008. However, this success has come at the price of a number of negative economic phenomena and the consequences they have had are the major challenge for the government today. The vast programme of investments in infrastructure, construction and fixed assets, which has been the main source of economic growth over the past few years, has caused a rapid increase in China’s debt from 158% of GDP in 2007 to 282% in 2014. Along with the local governments in charge of implementing the programme, the Chinese sector of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has been heavily burdened by the stimulation policy. The sector’s profitability has fallen, its indebtedness has increased and management problems have been revealed.

Weishenme Zhongguo zai diyi ci shijie dazhan zhong juyou zhongyao zuoyong 为什么中国在第一次世界大战中具有重要作用 (Why China Played an Important Role in the First World War)

Aufbauend auf dem analytischen Tool des Totalen Krieges (vgl. den Artikel des Autors zu Controversy Total War in 1914-1918-Online) werden im vorliegenden Beitrag die Anstrengungen Chinas im Ersten Weltkrieg zu denjenigen anderer nicht europäischer Länder wie Australien, Südafrika oder Indien in Bezug gesetzt. Dabei wird das Ziel verfolgt, den globalen Charakter eines Konfliktes deutlich zu machen, der zurecht als erster Weltkrieg bezeichnet wird und in welchem China sicherlich eine weit bedeutsamere Rolle spielte, als es gemeinhin in der Historiographie dargestellt wird. Ursprünglich wurde der Beitrag als Antwort auf die Frage konzipiert, warum nicht nur China für eine Globalgeschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges von Bedeutung war. Im Verlauf der Übersetzung wurde der Titel dahingehend angepasst, dass stärker die Bedeutung von Chinas Rolle im Ersten Weltkrieg betont wurde.

Drift distances, times and primary grain sources of the Arctic Ocean, Exp302 (ACEX)

Knowledge of the long-term history of the perennial ice is an important issue that has eluded study because the Cenozoic core material needed has been unavailable until the recent Arctic Coring Expedition (ACEX). Detrital Fe oxide mineral grains analyzed by microprobe from the last 14 Ma (164 m) of the ACEX composite core on the Lomonosov Ridge were matched to circum-Arctic sources with the same mineral and 12-element composition. These precise source determinations and estimates of drift rates were used to determine that these sand grains could not be rafted to the ACEX core site in less than a year. Thus the perennial ice cover has existed since 14 Ma except for the unlikely rapid return to seasonal ice between the average sampling interval of about 0.17 Ma. Both North America and Russia contributed significant Fe grains to the ACEX core during the last 14 Ma.

Greek writers of Roman history : some reflections upon the authorities used by Plutarch and Appianus /

The fons primarius of Plutarch's life of Fabius Maximus. -- The common Greek sources of Plutarch and Appianus for Roman history. -- King Juba's Historia romana.

Past environment from historical sources /

"PB-231 711."

The history of Virginia's navy of the revolution,

"Roster of the Virginia navy of the revolution": p. [137]-271.

West Virginia Jewry: origins and history, 1850-1958.

"Sources for the history of West Virginia Jewry, literary and personal": p. lxiv-lxxix.

Earthquake history of the United States ...

This publication replaces Special publication 149, Earthquake history of the United States exclusive of the Pacific region, 1928, and Special publication 191, Destructive and near-destructive earthquakes in California and western Nevada, 1934. cf. pt. II, p. 1.

The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages:

Contains bibliographies.

A history of banking in all the leading nations /

v. 1. The United States, by W. G. Sumner.--v. 2. Great Britain, by H. D. Macleod; The Russian empire, by A. E. Horn; Savings banks in the United States, by J. P. Townsend.--v. 3. The Latin nations, by P. Des Essars; The banks of Alsace-Lorraine after the annexation, by A. Raffalovich; Canada, by B. E. Walker.--v. 4. Germany and Austria-Hungary, by M. Wirth; The Netherlands, by R. van der Borght; The Scandinavian nations, by A. Jensen; Japan, by J. Soyeda; China, by T. R. Jernigan.

History of the Roman people,

To the original work, which ends with Theodosius I, the period from that time to the time of Charlemagne has been added by the editor (p. 421-486) cf. Pref.

The story of the greatest nations, from the dawn of history to the twentieth century : a comprehensive history, founded upon the leading authorities, including a complete chronology of the world, and a pronouncing vocabulary of each nation /

Paged continuously.

The historians' history of the world.

Contains bibliographies.

The military history of World War II.

Vols. 1-2 have title: The first book military history of World War II.

Annals of an era; Percy MacKaye and the MacKaye family, 1826-1932; a record of biography and history, in commentaries and bibliography.

"The MacKaye collection, a supplemental bibliography, 1761-1931, of material preserved at the Dartmouth College Library ... compiled chiefly from original sources in the archives of Steele MacKaye and Percy MacKaye, by Marion Morse MacKaye": p. [299]-534.