Distinct phenotypes of antigen-selected CD8 T cells emerge at different stages of an in vivo immune response.

We have previously described a unique system for identifying Ag-selected CD8 T cells during an in vivo response in normal mice. In this system, lymphocytes isolated from DBA/2 mice injected i.p. with HLA-CW3 transfected syngeneic (H-2d) P815 cells show a remarkable expansion of CD8 cells that utilize TCR expressing the V beta 10 gene segment and additional structural features characteristic of Kd-restricted CW3-specific CTL clones. We have now taken advantage of this system to characterize the surface phenotype of CD8 cells selected by Ag in vivo. We observed several distinct phenotypes at different stages of the response. At the peak of the response, Ag-selected cells were low in CD62L and CD45RB expression but displayed high levels of CD44. In addition, there was a partial down-regulation of CD8 and TCR. Cells of this phenotype were present in lymphoid tissues for several mo after immunization. Much later in the response, Ag-selected cells expressed higher levels of CD8 and TCR. Moreover, a distinct subset of these long-term immune cells emerged that now expressed CD62L and CD45RB. Analysis of CD8 cells from different tissues also revealed certain differences, particularly in TCR and co-receptor levels from liver-derived cells compared with circulating cells at the peak of the response. Our findings suggest that the function of Ag-selected CD8 cells may be regulated over time and according to location by subtle changes in cell-surface phenotype.

Estudo taxonômico de Leschenaultia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae)

Taxonomic study of Leschenaultia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Tachinidae). The genus Leschenaultia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 is redescribed. Two genera are considered as its junior synonyms: Echinomasicera Townsend, 1915 syn. nov. and Parachaetopsis Blanchard, 1959 syn. nov. Thirty two especies are treated, as follows: 18 described as new, Leschenaultia aldrichi, sp. nov. (Brazil, Santa Catarina), L. arnaudi sp. nov. (Haiti, La Salle), L. bergenstammi sp. nov. (Peru, San Martin), L. bessi sp. nov. (Brazil, Santa Catarina), L. bigoti sp. nov. (Peru, Huanuco), L. blanchardi sp. nov. (Equador, Cuenca), L. braueri sp. nov. (Brazil, Mato Grosso), L. brooksi sp. nov. (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro), L. coquilletti sp. nov. (Brazil, Santa Catarina); L. cortesi sp. nov. (Venezuela, Maracay), L. currani sp. nov. (Brazil, São Paulo), L. loewi sp. nov. (Mexico, Vera Cruz), L. macquarti sp. nov. (U. S. A., Arizona), L. reinhardi sp. nov. (Canada, Quebec), L. sabroskyi sp. nov. from (U. S. A., California), L. schineri sp. nov. (U. S. A., California), L. thompsoni sp. nov. (Mexico, Mexico City), L. townsendi sp. nov. (Mexico, Puebla), and 14 known species, for these, diagnoses are given: L. adusta (Loew, 1872); L. americana (Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893); L. bicolor (Macquart, 1846) = L. fusca (Townsend, 1916) syn. nov.; = Parachaetopsis proseni Blanchard, 1959 syn. nov.; L. ciliata (Macquart, 1848); L. exul (Townsend, 1892); L. fulvipes (Bigot, 1887); L. grossa Brooks, 1947; L. halisidotae Brooks, 1947; L. hospita Reinhard, 1952; L. hystrix (Townsend, 1915) comb. nov., L. jurinioides (Townsend, 1895); L. leucophrys (Wiedemann, 1830) = Leschenaultia latifrons (Walker, 1852) syn. nov. = Parachaeta nigricalyptrata (Macquart, 1855) syn. nov.; L. montagna (Townsend, 1912); L. nuda Thompson, 1963. One species was not examined, Leschenaultia nigrisquamis (Townsend, 1892), and two were not recognized, L. trichopsis (Bigot, 1887) and L. hirta Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. Keys for Nearctic and Neotropical species (only for males) are provided, as well as geographical distribution and illustrations for each species.

Espécies de cigarrinhas (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) em pomares de citros da região de Bebedouro, SP, com descrição de uma espécie nova de Acrogonia Stål

Sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae) in citrus groves of the area of Bebedouro, SP, with description of a new species of Acrogonia Stål. Sixteen species of Cicadellidae, subfamily Cicadellinae, were collected and identified: 11 of the tribe Cicadellini and five of the tribe Proconiini. The ten most common species, together with a new species, are characterized based on external morphology and male genitalia: Acrogonia citrina Marucci & Cavichioli sp. nov.; Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg, 1879); Dilobopterus costalimai Young, 1977; Ferrariana trivittata (Signoret, 1854); Hortensia similis (Walker, 1851); Macugonalia cavifrons (Stål, 1862); M. leucomelas (Walker, 1851); Oncometopia facialis (Signoret, 1854); Plesiommata corniculata Young, 1977 and P. mollicella (Fowler, 1900). The leafhopper samples were collected in citrus groves and in adjacent habitats (woods, swamp, cultivable plain, spontaneous vegetation of the grove, coffee crop and sugarcane) at the counties of Bebedouro and Monte Azul Paulista and in the district of Turvínia. The collecting methods were: insect net, yellow sticky cards, portable suction trap and Malaise trap. Identification keys were elaborated for the 16 species. There is a great diversity of Cicadellinae species in the citric groves. In the three areas sampled, it was collected a larger number of species of the tribe Cicadellini than of the tribe Proconiini. In the Bebedouro area, the vector species of Xylella fastidiosa, A. citrina sp. nov., B. xanthophis, D. costalimai and O. facialis, were collected in the citrus groves and in all adjacent habitats.

Reestruturação do gênero Deois Fennah; descrição de um novo gênero e de novas espécies (Homoptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae)

Restructure of the genus Deois Fennah; description of a new genus and new species (Homoptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae). The genus Deois Fennah is reviewed and some changes in the taxonomy are introduced. The genus and its four subgenera are redefined, having now the following composition: 1) subgenus Deois (Deois) with: D. (D.) correntina (Berg, 1879), D. (D.) grandis Sakakibara, 1979, D. (D.) knoblauchii (Berg, 1879) (formerly in D. (Pandysia)), D. (D.) morialis (China & Myers, 1934), D. (D.) mourei Cavichioli & Sakakibara, 1994, D. (D.) piraporae Sakakibara, 1979, D. (D.) pseudoflavopicta (Lallemand, 1938) comb. nov. (formerly in Mahanarva) = D. (D.) similis Sakakibara, 1979 syn. nov., D. (D.) rubropicta Sakakibara, 1979, D. (D.) spinulata sp. nov., D. (D.) terrea (Germar, 1821), D. (D.) uniformis (Distant, 1909). 2) subgenus Deois (Pandysia) with: D. (P.) bergi sp. nov., D. (P.) crenulata sp. nov., D. (P.) schach (Fabricius, 1787) = Sphenorhyna transiens Walker, 1851 syn. nov.. 3) Deois (Fennahia) with: D. (F.) coerulea (Lallemand, 1924), D. (F.) flexuosa (Walker, 1851). 4) Deois (Acanthodeois) with: D. (A.) flavopicta (Stål, 1854), Deois (A.) incompleta (Walker, 1851). The genus Orodamnis Fennah, 1953 stat. nov. (formerly Deois (Orodamnis)) with: Orodamnis rhynchosporae (China & Myers, 1934) comb. nov. The genus Deoisella gen. nov. is described for: Deoisella fasciata sp. nov. (type species) and Deoisella picklesi (China & Myers, 1934) comb. nov.

Revision of the Neotropical Xanthandrus Verral (Diptera, Syrphidae)

The Neotropical genus Xanthandrus Verral, 1901 is revised. Six species are redescribed: X. bucephalus (Wiedemann, 1830), X. cubanus Fluke, 1936, X. mellinoides (Macquart, 1846), X. mexicanus Curran, 1930, X. nitidulus Fluke, 1937, and X. plaumanni Fluke, 1937. Three species are included based on original descriptions: X. flavomaculatus Shannon, 1927, X. palliatus (Fluke, 1945), and X. simplex (Loew, 1861). New synonyms proposed: Argentinomyia longicornis (Walker, 1837) = Xanthandrus biguttatus Hull, 1945 syn. nov., and Xanthandrus bucephalus (Wiedemann, 1830) = Melanostoma quadrinotata Bigot, 1884 syn. nov. Description of terminalia, a key for Neotropical species, and illustrations are also presented.

Larval endoparasitoids (Hymenoptera) of frugivorous flies (Diptera, Tephritoidea) reared from fruits of the cerrado of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul , Brazil

This paper presents a five years survey of endoparasitoids obtained from the larvae of frugivorous Tephritidae and Lonchaeidae flies. The insects were reared from cultivated and wild fruits collected in areas of the cerrado in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The flies obtained from 14 host fruit species were eight Anastrepha species, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Tephritidae); Dasiops sp. and Neosilba spp. (Lonchaeidae). Eleven parasitoid species were collected: Braconidae - Asobara anastrephae (Muesebek, 1958), Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911), D. fluminensis (Costa Lima, 1938), Opius bellus Gahan, 1930 and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck, 1913); Figitidae - Aganaspis nordlanderi Wharton, 1998, Lopheucoila anastrephae (Rhower, 1919), Odontosema anastrephae (Borgmeier, 1935) and Trybliographa infuscata Gallardo, Díaz & Uchôa-Fernandes, 2000 and, Pteromalidae - Spalangia gemina Boucek, 1963 and S. endius Walker, 1839. In all cases only one parasitoid emerged per puparium. D. areolatus was the most abundant and frequent parasitoid of fruit fly species, as was L. anastrephae in Neosilba spp. larvae. This is the first record of A. nordlanderi in the midwestern Brazilian region.

Sobre o gênero Lophyraspis Stål e descrição de novas espécies (Hemiptera, Aetalionidae, Biturritiinae)

O gênero Lophyraspis e as seguintes espécies, juntamente com algumas mudanças nomenclaturais, são tratados: Lophyraspis Stål, 1869 = Gerridius Fowler, 1896 syn. rest.; Lophyraspis muscaria (Fabricius, 1803) = Gerridius scutellatus Fowler, 1896 syn. nov. = Gerridius abbreviatus Baker, 1907 syn. nov.; Lophyraspis pygmaea (Fabricius, 1803); Lophyraspis scutellata (Fabricius, 1803) = L. cristata Stål, 1869 syn. nov. = L. armata Haviland, 1925 syn. nov.; Lophyraspis spinosa (Funkhouser, 1930) comb. nov. (anteriormente em Mina Walker, 1858); Lophyraspis fenestrata sp. nov. (Brasil, Amazonas); Lophyraspis diminuta sp. nov. (Brasil, Mato Grosso).

A new genus and nine new species of Neotropical spittlebugs (Hemiptera, Cercopidae, Tomaspidinae)

The following new taxa of South American Cercopidae are described: Ferorhinella gen. nov., with type species Sphenorhina brevis Walker, 1851; Deois (Deois) knighti sp. nov. (Brazil), Deois (Deois) sexpunctata sp. nov. (Brazil), Deois (Pandysia) constricta sp. nov. (Brazil), Mahanarva (Ipiranga) bahiaensis sp. nov. (Brazil), Maxantonia bifurcata sp. nov. (Brazil), Neosphenorhina curvipenis sp. nov. (Brazil), Sphenorhina brevispina sp. nov. (Ecuador), Sphenorhina nigricephala sp. nov. (Ecuador), Sphenorhina minuta sp. nov. (Brazil), Tropidorhinella onorei sp. nov. (Colombia), Zuata luteofascia sp. nov. (Colombia). Ferorhinella brevis (Walker, 1851) comb. nov. In addition, descriptions are given for a new colour form of Mahanarva (M.) phantastica (Breddin, 1904) and a newly found variation in the male genitalia of Deoisella fasciata Costa & Sakakibara, 2002.

A genome-wide approach accounting for body mass index identifies genetic variants influencing fasting glycemic traits and insulin resistance.

Recent genome-wide association studies have described many loci implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology and β-cell dysfunction but have contributed little to the understanding of the genetic basis of insulin resistance. We hypothesized that genes implicated in insulin resistance pathways might be uncovered by accounting for differences in body mass index (BMI) and potential interactions between BMI and genetic variants. We applied a joint meta-analysis approach to test associations with fasting insulin and glucose on a genome-wide scale. We present six previously unknown loci associated with fasting insulin at P < 5 × 10(-8) in combined discovery and follow-up analyses of 52 studies comprising up to 96,496 non-diabetic individuals. Risk variants were associated with higher triglyceride and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, suggesting a role for these loci in insulin resistance pathways. The discovery of these loci will aid further characterization of the role of insulin resistance in T2D pathophysiology.

Hybotinae (Diptera, Empidoidea, Hybotidae) from the Dominican Republic: new records and description of new species

Hybotinae is being recorded for the first time to Dominican Republic where the subfamily becomes represented by the genera Euhybus Coquillett, 1895, Neohybos Ale-Rocha & Carvalho, 2003 and Syneches Walker, 1852. Euhybus and Neohybos occur exclusively in the Americas, and Syneches is cosmopolitan. Six new species are described and illustrated: Euhybus martiniensis sp. nov., Neohybos cinereus sp. nov., N. longicornis sp. nov., N. pruinosus sp. nov., N. setosus sp. nov. and Syneches dominicanus sp. nov.. Identification keys are provided for the species of the three hybotine genera registered in West Indies. The following species are recorded for the first time from the Dominican Republic: Syneches inversus Curran, 1928, S. pallidus Wilder, 1974 and S. vineus Wilder, 1974. The previously unknown female of S. inversus is described.

Dinâmica populacional e parasitismo de Himenópteros parasitóides de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera, Calliphoridae), no Rio de Janeiro, RJ

Este estudo foi realizado no período de agosto de 1999 a julho de 2000 com o objetivo de conhecer os parasitóides de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) e avaliar sua dinâmica populacional no Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/ FIOCRUZ) e Jardim Zoológico, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. As coletas foram realizadas semanalmente através da exposição de larvas de terceiro instar da mosca e seu substrato de criação, carne bovina moída em putrefação. Foram identificadas três espécies de himenópteros parasitóides: Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, 1904 (Encyrtidae), Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani, 1875) (Pteromalidae) and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) (Pteromalidae). Nos dois locais, T. zealandicus foi a espécie com maior taxa de parasitismo de C. megacephala, seguida por P. vindemiae e N. vitripennis. A população de parasitóides diminuiu drasticamente no verão (temperatura média = 28°C; precipitação = 6,5 mm).O pico populacional desses insetos foi verificado no final do outono e durante todo o inverno. No Jardim Zoológico, o lixo acumulado no local de coleta exerceu forte influência na dinâmica populacional dos himenópteros parasitóides identificados nesse estudo e o pico populacional de parasitismo foi verificado em junho e julho de 2000.

Ocorrência de multiparasitismo em larvas de terceiro ínstar e pupas de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) em condições de campo

Durante experimento de pesquisa envolvendo o parasitismo de larvas de terceiro ínstar e pupas de Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) em dois locais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, observou-se a ocorrência de multiparasitismo em 1,83% das pupas expostas no Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) e em 2,16% expostas no Jardim Zoológico (ZOO). O experimento foi conduzido semanalmente de agosto de 1999 a julho de 2000. Em ambos os locais, houve a co-ocorrência de duas espécies por pupa e os parasitóides encontrados foram os himenópteros Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead, 1904, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani, 1875) e Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836). 72,73% do multiparasitismo ocorreu no ZOO em julho de 2000. Em condições de multiparasitismo, T. zealandicus e P. vindemiae mantiveram seu hábito gregário e solitário, respectivamente, mas N. vitripennis foi encontrado solitário em algumas pupas.

Trabecular bone score is associated with volumetric bone density and microarchitecture as assessed by central QCT and HRpQCT in Chinese American and white women.

Although high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) and central quantitative computed tomography (QCT) studies have shown bone structural differences between Chinese American (CH) and white (WH) women, these techniques are not readily available in the clinical setting. The trabecular bone score (TBS) estimates trabecular microarchitecture from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry spine images. We assessed TBS in CH and WH women and investigated whether TBS is associated with QCT and HRpQCT indices. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, lumbar spine (LS) TBS, QCT of the LS and hip, and HRpQCT of the radius and tibia were performed in 71 pre- (37 WH and 34 CH) and 44 postmenopausal (21 WH and 23 CH) women. TBS did not differ by race in either pre- or postmenopausal women. In the entire cohort, TBS positively correlated with LS trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) (r = 0.664), femoral neck integral (r = 0.651), trabecular (r = 0.641) and cortical vBMD (r = 0.346), and cortical thickness (C/I; r = 0.540) by QCT (p < 0.001 for all). TBS also correlated with integral (r = 0.643), trabecular (r = 0.574) and cortical vBMD (r = 0.491), and C/I (r = 0.541) at the total hip (p < 0.001 for all). The combination of TBS and LS aBMD predicted more of the variance in QCT measures than aBMD alone. TBS was associated with all HRpQCT indices (r = 0.20-0.52) except radial cortical thickness and tibial trabecular thickness. Significant associations between TBS and measures of HRpQCT and QCT in WH and CH pre- and postmenopausal women demonstrated here suggest that TBS may be a useful adjunct to aBMD for assessing bone quality.

Ocorrência de sirfídeos afidófagos (Diptera, Syrphidae) em Lavras, MG

A ocorrência de sirfídeos afidófagos nas culturas de citros, couve, pepino, trigo e batata foi registrada. As amostragens foram realizadas, quinzenalmente, de agosto a dezembro de 2002. Constatou-se as espécies:Ocyptamus gastrostactus (Wiedemann, 1830), Allograpta exotica (Wiedemann, 1830), Pseudodorus clavatus (Fabricius, 1794) e Ocyptamus anthiphates (Walker, 1849). P. clavatus ocorreu em todas as culturas amostradas, com a maior densidade populacional (72%), seguido de O. gastrostactus (16%), A. exotica (11%) e O. anthiphates (1%). A ocorrência dos sirfídeos esteve correlacionada com os fatores climáticos e a presença dos afídeos.

Revisão do gênero Antiteuchus Dallas (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae)

Revisão do gênero Antiteuchus Dallas (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Discocephalinae). O gênero Antiteuchus Dallas, 1851 com 46 espécies descritas é revisado; as espécies são redescritas com base na morfologia externa da genitália do macho e em algumas características da morfologia geral do corpo. Neodine Kirkaldy, 1909 é considerado sinônimo junior de Antiteuchus. As espécies foram subdivididas em seis grupos aqui propostos: A. amplus, A. supinatus, A. peruensis, A. tesselatus, A. marmoratus e A. mixtus. Oito novas espécies são descritas: A. amapensis sp. nov., A. beckerae sp. nov., A. doesburgi sp. nov., A. exiguus sp. nov., A. ledeburi sp. nov., A. marini sp. nov., A. melanicus sp. nov. and A. similis sp. nov. Nove espécies e uma subespécie são sinonimizadas. Antiteuchus varians Ruckes, 1964 é considerada sinônimo júnior de A. pallescens Stål, 1868; A. englemani Rolston, 1993 de A. amplus (Walker, 1867); A. tripterus limbativentris Ruckes, 1964 e A. minor Engleman, 1983 de A. tripterus (Fabricius, 1787); A. fuscus (Ruckes, 1959), A. piceus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805), A. subgibbus Engleman, 1983, A. subimpunctatus Ruckes, 1964, A. unicolor (Westwood, 1837) e A. variolosus (Westwood, 1837) de A. mixtus (Fabricius, 1787). Antiteuchus tatei (Ruckes, 1958) é considerada species inquirenda. Empicoris marmoreus Spinola, 1837 é colocada em incertae sedis e tratada como species inquirenda. O macho de A. pictus, até agora desconhecido, é descrito. Chaves de identificação para os machos das espécies de Antiteuchus e para os grupos de espécies são apresentadas.