Literatura y vida. Una lectura de Victoria Ocampo

La relación entre la literatura, el escritor y la vida, más específicamente, la manera en que se comprende la vida en el marco de esta relación constituye una pieza clave para la definición del peculiar modo de leer la literatura de Victoria Ocampo, tal como se puede ver en el ensayo que dedica a Emily Brontë. Aunque priorice la dimensión biográfica sobre la estética, Ocampo no adopta el método biográfico ni tampoco identifica el sentido de la vida con el de la biografía del escritor, ya que busca la clave de interpretación en fuerzas naturales como el "carácter" y el "destino" (en lugar de hacerlo en relación con el medio social e histórico al modo positivista). Es así como identifica la experiencia vital de la naturaleza (el páramo) como la clave tanto de la personalidad de la escritora como de su novela Cumbres borrascosas.

Literatura y vida. Una lectura de Victoria Ocampo

La relación entre la literatura, el escritor y la vida, más específicamente, la manera en que se comprende la vida en el marco de esta relación constituye una pieza clave para la definición del peculiar modo de leer la literatura de Victoria Ocampo, tal como se puede ver en el ensayo que dedica a Emily Brontë. Aunque priorice la dimensión biográfica sobre la estética, Ocampo no adopta el método biográfico ni tampoco identifica el sentido de la vida con el de la biografía del escritor, ya que busca la clave de interpretación en fuerzas naturales como el "carácter" y el "destino" (en lugar de hacerlo en relación con el medio social e histórico al modo positivista). Es así como identifica la experiencia vital de la naturaleza (el páramo) como la clave tanto de la personalidad de la escritora como de su novela Cumbres borrascosas.

La dialéctica sujeto/mundo en Anima mía, de Carlos Marzal

Carlos Marzal (Valencia, 1961) es uno de los poetas españoles de mayor renombre en estas dos últimas décadas. El propósito de esta ponencia es acercarnos a su último poemario Ánima mía publicado en el año 2009. Como veremos en este trabajo la escritura poética de Marzal adhiere a una vasta genealogía que arranca en el siglo XVII, con la elección de un tono de voz próximo a la contención y la reducción que caracterizaran al barroco tanto hispánico como sajón. Más que de lecturas o influencias, Marzal prefiere hablar de la voluntad de 'unir ciertos nombres al suyo propio'. Así, desde la publicación de Metales pesados, libro bisagra en su trayectoria escritural, hay que mencionar los nombres de San Juan de la Cruz y Heráclito, Hiedegger y Tertuliano, Emily Dickinson y George Santayana, Manrique y Juan Ramón Jiménez, Bécquer y Miguel Hernández, José Hierro, John Keats y Horacio. Como veremos a lo largo de este trabajo, Anima mía es un libro de síntesis, de madurez y aprendizaje, de amoroso entendimiento con el mundo; un libro que se orienta hacia el tono celebratorio, el del canto de alabanza y la cadencia hímnica de visos claramente neorrománticos

La dialéctica sujeto/mundo en Anima mía, de Carlos Marzal

Carlos Marzal (Valencia, 1961) es uno de los poetas españoles de mayor renombre en estas dos últimas décadas. El propósito de esta ponencia es acercarnos a su último poemario Ánima mía publicado en el año 2009. Como veremos en este trabajo la escritura poética de Marzal adhiere a una vasta genealogía que arranca en el siglo XVII, con la elección de un tono de voz próximo a la contención y la reducción que caracterizaran al barroco tanto hispánico como sajón. Más que de lecturas o influencias, Marzal prefiere hablar de la voluntad de 'unir ciertos nombres al suyo propio'. Así, desde la publicación de Metales pesados, libro bisagra en su trayectoria escritural, hay que mencionar los nombres de San Juan de la Cruz y Heráclito, Hiedegger y Tertuliano, Emily Dickinson y George Santayana, Manrique y Juan Ramón Jiménez, Bécquer y Miguel Hernández, José Hierro, John Keats y Horacio. Como veremos a lo largo de este trabajo, Anima mía es un libro de síntesis, de madurez y aprendizaje, de amoroso entendimiento con el mundo; un libro que se orienta hacia el tono celebratorio, el del canto de alabanza y la cadencia hímnica de visos claramente neorrománticos

Literatura y vida. Una lectura de Victoria Ocampo

La relación entre la literatura, el escritor y la vida, más específicamente, la manera en que se comprende la vida en el marco de esta relación constituye una pieza clave para la definición del peculiar modo de leer la literatura de Victoria Ocampo, tal como se puede ver en el ensayo que dedica a Emily Brontë. Aunque priorice la dimensión biográfica sobre la estética, Ocampo no adopta el método biográfico ni tampoco identifica el sentido de la vida con el de la biografía del escritor, ya que busca la clave de interpretación en fuerzas naturales como el "carácter" y el "destino" (en lugar de hacerlo en relación con el medio social e histórico al modo positivista). Es así como identifica la experiencia vital de la naturaleza (el páramo) como la clave tanto de la personalidad de la escritora como de su novela Cumbres borrascosas.

Current velocities and settling experimental results

This study provides a theoretical assessment of the potential bias due to differential lateral transport on multi-proxy studies based on a range of marine microfossils. Microfossils preserved in marine sediments are at the centre of numerous proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The precision of proxies is based on the assumption that they accurately represent the overlying watercolumn properties and faunas. Here we assess the possibility of a syn-depositional bias in sediment assemblages caused by horizontal drift in the water column, due to differential settling velocities of sedimenting particles based on their shape, size and density, and due to differences in current velocities. Specifically we calculate the post-mortem lateral transport undergone by planktic foraminifera and a range of other biological proxy carriers (diatoms, radiolaria and fecal pellets transporting coccolithophores) in several regions with high current velocities. We find that lateral transport of different planktic foraminiferal species is minimal due to high settling velocities. No significant shape- or size-dependent sorting occurs before reaching the sediment, making planktic foraminiferal ideal proxy carriers. In contrast, diatoms, radiolaria and fecal pellets can be transported up to 500 km in some areas. For example in the Agulhas current, transport can lead to differences of up to 2°C in temperature reconstructions between different proxies in response to settling velocities. Therefore, sediment samples are likely to contain different proportions of local and imported particles, decreasing the precision of proxies based on these groups and the accuracy of the temperature reconstruction.

Composition of dikes and lavas from the Pito Deep Rift

The northwest trending walls of the Pito Deep Rift (PDR), a tectonic window in the southeast Pacific, expose in situ oceanic crust generated ?3 Ma at the superfast spreading southern East Pacific Rise (SEPR). Whole rock analyses were performed on over 200 samples of dikes and lavas recovered from two ~8 km**2 study areas. Most of the PDR samples are incompatible-element-depleted normal mid-ocean ridge basalts (NMORB; (La/Sm)N < 1.0) that show typical tholeiitic fractionation trends. Correlated variations in Pb isotope ratios, rare earth element patterns, and ratios of incompatible elements (e.g., (Ce/Yb)N) are best explained by mixing curves between two enriched and one depleted mantle sources. Pb isotope compositions of most PDR NMORB are offset from SEPR data toward higher values of 207Pb/204Pb, suggesting that an enriched component of the mantle was present in this region in the past ?3 Ma but is not evident today. Overall, the PDR crust is highly variable in composition over long and short spatial scales, demonstrating that chemically distinct lavas and dikes can be emplaced within the same segment over short timescales. However, the limited spatial distribution of high 206Pb/204Pb samples and the occurrence of relatively homogeneous MgO compositions (ranging <2.5 wt %) within a few of the individual dive transects (over distances of ~1 km) suggests that the mantle source composition evolved and magmatic temperatures persisted over timescales of tens of thousands of years. The high degree of chemical variability between pairs of adjacent dikes is interpreted as evidence for along-axis transport of magma from chemically distinct portions of the melt lens. Our findings suggest that lateral dike propagation occurs to a significant degree at superfast spreading centers.

Geochemistry of the sheeted dike complex at Pito Deep

Alteration of sheeted dikes exposed along submarine escarpments at the Pito Deep Rift (NE edge of the Easter microplate) provides constraints on the crustal component of axial hydrothermal systems at fast spreading mid-ocean ridges. Samples from vertical transects through the upper crust constrain the temporal and spatial scales of hydrothermal fluid flow and fluid-rock reaction. The dikes are relatively fresh (average extent of alteration is 27%), with the extent of alteration ranging from 0 to >80%. Alteration is heterogeneous on scales of tens to hundreds of meters and displays few systematic spatial trends. Background alteration is amphibole-dominated, with chlorite-rich dikes sporadically distributed throughout the dike complex, indicating that peak temperatures ranged from <300°C to >450°C and did not vary systematically with depth. Dikes locally show substantial metal mobility, with Zn and Cu depletion and Mn enrichment. Amphibole and chlorite fill fractures throughout the dike complex, whereas quartz-filled fractures and faults are only locally present. Regional variability in alteration characteristics is found on a scale of <1-2 km, illustrating the diversity of fluid-rock interaction that can be expected in fast spreading crust. We propose that much of the alteration in sheeted dike complexes develops within broad, hot upwelling zones, as the inferred conditions of alteration cannot be achieved in downwelling zones, particularly in the shallow dikes. Migration of circulating cells along rides axes and local evolution of fluid compositions produce sections of the upper crust with a distinctive character of alteration, on a scale of <1-2 km and <5-20 ka.

Nutrients and oxygen concentrations measured in water samples from the North Atlantic during the James Cook cruise JC087 in March 2013

Analysis for micro-molar concentrations of nitrate and nitrite, nitrite, phosphate, silicate and ammonia was undertaken on a SEAL Analytical UK Ltd, AA3 segmented flow autoanalyser following methods described by Kirkwood (1996). Samples were drawn from Niskin bottles on the CTD into 15ml polycarbonate centrifuge tubes and kept refrigerated at approximately 4oC until analysis, which generally commenced within 30 minutes. Overall 23 runs with 597 samples were analysed. This is a total of 502 CTD samples, 69 underway samples and 26 from other sources. An artificial seawater matrix (ASW) of 40g/litre sodium chloride was used as the inter-sample wash and standard matrix. The nutrient free status of this solution was checked by running Ocean Scientific International (OSI) low nutrient seawater (LNS) on every run. A single set of mixed standards were made up by diluting 5mM solutions made from weighed dried salts in 1litre of ASW into plastic 250ml volumetric flasks that had been cleaned by washing in MilliQ water (MQ). Data processing was undertaken using SEAL Analytical UK Ltd proprietary software (AACE 6.07) and was performed within a few hours of the run being finished. The sample time was 60 seconds and the wash time was 30 seconds. The lines were washed daily with wash solutions specific for each chemistry, but comprised of MQ, MQ and SDS, MQ and Triton-X, or MQ and Brij-35. Three times during the cruise the phosphate and silicate channels were washed with a weak sodium hypochlorite solution.

Per-field land use and land cover data set of the Haean catchment, South Korea

Detailed data on land use and land cover constitute important information for Earth system models, environmental monitoring and ecosystem services research. Global land cover products are evolving rapidly; however, there is still a lack of information particularly for heterogeneous agricultural landscapes. We censused land use and land cover field by field in the agricultural mosaic catchment Haean in South Korea. We recorded the land cover types with additional information on agricultural practice. In this paper we introduce the data, their collection and the post-processing protocol. Furthermore, because it is important to quantitatively evaluate available land use and land cover products, we compared our data with the MODIS Land Cover Type product (MCD12Q1). During the studied period, a large portion of dry fields was converted to perennial crops. Compared to our data, the forested area was underrepresented and the agricultural area overrepresented in MCD12Q1. In addition, linear landscape elements such as waterbodies were missing in the MODIS product due to its coarse spatial resolution. The data presented here can be useful for earth science and ecosystem services research.