Emissão de CO2 em um latossolo vermelho coberto com palha sob aplicação de efluente e lodo de esgoto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Manejo da adubação nitrogenada para a cultura do feijão em sucessão a gramíneas forrageiras cultivadas para produção de sementes

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Antecipação de nitrogênio para a cultura do milho em sucessão a gramíneas forrageiras no sistema plantio direto

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Influência da palha e tempo de preparo da calda antes da hidrólise da cana-de-açúcar em dietas de vacas leiteiras

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo da distribuição de tamanho e composição iônica de aerossóis e seus efeitos na capacidade de nuclear gotas de nuvens

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Seletividade dos herbicidas Bentazon e Nicosulfuron para Crotalaria juncea e Crotalaria spectabilis em consórcio com a cultura do milho

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Utilização de um algoritmo de caminho mínimo no processo de recolhimento do palhiço da cana-de-açúcar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da cultura do milho submetida à hormesis

Under conservation tillage systems is critical to maintaining plant residues from previous crops on the soil surface. A technique called Hormesis aims to increase the amount of straw and also cause a delay in straw decomposition. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of corn under no-tillage system subjected to Hormesis. The experiment was carried out at UNESP campus in the city of Botucatu, SP . The experimental was design in completely randomized blocks. The treatments based on the technique of Hormesis were : control (no application) , sub Gliphosate low dosage (12.5 g.ai.ha - 1 ) , sub Gliphosate average dosage (25 g. ai.ha - 1 ) , sub Gliphosate high dose (50 g. ai.ha -1 ), 2,4-D under low dose (100 g. ai.ha -1 ), 2,4-D sub average dosage (200 g. ai.ha -1 ) 2,4- D under high dosage (300 g. ai.ha -1 ) sub Verdict low dose (0.625 g. ai.ha -1 ) sub Verdict average dosage (1.25 g. ai.ha -1 ) , sub Verdict high dosage (2.5 g. ai.ha - 1 ) . In addition, the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, first ear growth, stem diameter , ear length , number of rows per cob, cob diameter , , percentage of grains on the cob , mass of plant dry matter, and yield. The results showed that all the treatments showed no statistical difference, the maize was not affected with sub doses of herbicides applications under the field and weather conditions in which the experiment was conducted.

Desempenho de discos de corte de semeadora-adubadora em diferentes quantidades de cobertura vegetal

The quality and efficiency in straw cutting are determinants in the sowing process, according to the occurrence of "tamp" and stops, the magnitude of the straw removal or even the known effects of the seed "envelopment" where the cutting mechanism can not cut the remaining straw. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of different mechanisms for straw cutting of a seeder individualized in different amounts of crop coverage artificially added in a clay soil. The experiment was conducted at Unesp – Sao Paulo State University in the Experimental Farm Lageado, belonging to the College of Agricultural Sciences - Unesp, Botucatu. The experimental design was split plot with four replications, with main plots consisting of five quantities of black oat straw, in area with no-tillage system and subplots of three opening furrows mechanisms, which are: plane disk (PD), corrugated disk (CD) and wavy disk (WD). The wavy disk provided greater rolling resistance, reducing the speed of the set (tractor and equipment). The plane cutting disk showed the highest values of mobilized soil area, deeper penetration into the soil, requiring lower values of vertical force and higher values of lateral force. Regarding the type of waste and doses used, they offered no resistance to cutting and there was no change in the horizontal force on straw.

Cultivation and bromatological analysis of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Curt.: Fr.) P. Karst cultivated in agricultural waste

The objective of the study was to evaluate the production of two strains of Ganoderma lucidum on agricultural waste and carry out bromatological analyses of the basidiomata obtained from the cultivation. The experiment was carried out at the Mushroom Module at the School of Agronomic Sciences of the São Paulo State University (FCA/UNESP - Botucatu, SP, Brazil) and two strains were used (GLM-09/01 and GLM-10/02) which were cultivated on waste, oat straw, bean straw, brachiaria grass straw, Tifton grass straw and eucalyptus sawdust under two situations: with (20%) and without (0%) supplementation with wheat bran. All the waste was taken from dumps of agricultural activities in Botucatu-SP. Both treatments were carried out in 10 repetitions, totaling 200 packages. The mushrooms cultivation took 90 days. Next, the biological efficiency of the treatments and the bromatological analysis of the basidiomata were evaluated. The biological efficiency (BE) values (%) varied from 0.0 to 6.7%. In the mushroom bromatological analyses, the results ranged from 8.7 to 13.7%, from 2.0 to 6.7%, from 0.83 to 1.79% and from 38.8 to 54.5%, for total protein, ethereal extract, ash and crude fiber, respectively. Thus, we conclude that the substrates which presented the greater yield were the brachiaria straw, 20% in both strains tested (GLM-09/01 and GLM-10/02) and the bean straw, 20% in the strain GLM-10/02. The mushrooms showed high levels of ethereal extract, fibers and ashes and a low level of proteins.

Efeito de fungos contaminantes na produtividade de dois isolados de Agaricus blazei em duas formulações de composto

The effect of the contaminant fungi Trichoderma sp. and Chaetomium olivacearum on the cultivation of the ABL 99/30 and ABL 04/49 isolates of A. blazei in two compost formulations made up with tyfton (Cynodom dactylon) and oat (Avena sativa) was evaluated. The experimental design was a totally randomized 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design with 6 repetitions. The experimental unit consisted of 12-12.5 kg of wet compost. During the spawning, 150 g of Trichoderma sp. and C. olivacearum were added to the compost. The experiment was carried out in a climatized room, with humidity between 75-90% and temperature of 28º C. The productivity averages of the ABL 99/30 isolate of A. blazei were higher than those of ABL 04/49 and Trichoderma sp. and C. olivacearum negatively influenced the production of A. blazei. The different composts (based on tyfton and oat straw) did not influence the production of basidiomata.

Nitrogen immobilization by Congo grass roots impairs cotton initial growth

In crop-livestock integration systems the presence of both grass roots in the soil and straw on the surface can temporarily immobilize nitrogen. This study examined the persistence of grass residues in the system as well as their effects on cotton response to N when grown after Congo grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis, Syn. Urochloa ruziziensis). Congo grass was grown in pots with soil. Next, cotton was grown in the same pots without residues, with whole plant residues (Congo grass roots and shoots) or root residues (grass roots) and fertilized with N as ammonium nitrate. Congo grass and cotton roots were separated using stable carbon isotope fractioning. Congo grass roots showed higher C/N ratio than shoots, losing 14% of its mass after 45 days and increasing soil N immobilization. The lower N availability resulted in N deficient and shorter cotton plants with lower dry matter yields. Nevertheless, the application of 80 to 120 mg kg-1 of N compensated the immobilization by the soil microorganisms, allowing cotton to show normal growth. When Congo grass is present in the cropping system, the effects of the decaying roots on soil N dynamics and availability are more important than those of the straw left on the soil surface.

Use of spent compost in the cultivation of Agaricus blazei

Two compost formulations, based on Braquiaria straw (Brachiaria sp.), a conventional one and a spent one, were tested in the cultivation of ABL 99/30 and ABL 04/49 strains of Agaricus blazei. The experimental design was in a completely randomized factorial scheme with four treatments (two strains of A. blazei x two types of compost) and 30 repetitions. Each experimental unit consisted of a box with 10 to 10.5 kg of moist fresh compost. According to the results obtained, the loss of organic matter of the composts was affected by the A. blazei strain and the type of compost used. The traditional compost lost a higher organic matter content compared to the spent compost, and the ABL 99/30 strain caused a higher loss of organic matter in the composts compared to the ABL 04/49 strain. Yield, biological efficiency, mass and number of basidiomata produced were similar between the conventional and the spent compost, as well as the chemical analysis of the produced basidiomata. However, the A. blazei strains showed some differences among each other, the basidiomata of strain ABL 04/49 obtained a higher percentage of crude protein in their composition, compared to the ABL 99/30, in both composts. Thus, the utilization of spent compost in the cultivation of A. blazei did not impair the basidiomata yield nor their nutritional value, demonstrating it to be a good option to be used as an ingredient in the compost formulation for the A. blazei cultivation.

Gamma irradiation can control the number of psychotrophic bacteria in Agaricus bisporus during storage

We evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation doses (0, 125, 250, and 500 Gy) in control of psychrotrophic bacteria in different strains of Agaricus bisporus (ABI-07/06, ABI-05/03, and PB-1) during storage, cultivated in composts based on oat straw (Avena sativa) and Brachiaria spp. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 4  2  3 (irradiation doses  composts  strains), with 24 treatments, each consisting of 2 replicates, totaling 48 experimental units (samples of mushrooms). The mushrooms collected from all culture conditions were packaged in plastic polypropylene with 200 g each and subjected to Cobalt-60 irradiator, type Gammacell 220, and dose rate 0.740 kGy h–1 , according to the treatments. Subsequently, the control (nonirradiated) and other treatments were maintained at 4 ± 1°C and 90% relative humidity (RH) in a climatic chamber to perform the microbiological analysis of mushrooms on the 1st and 14th day of storage. According to the results, it was found that the highest mean colony psychotrophic count, after 14 days of storage, was observed in strain ABI-07/06 1.30 × 108 g -1 most probable number (MPN) in nonirradiated mushrooms, coming from Brachiaria grass-based compost, and this same strain under the same storage conditions, coming from the same type of compost that underwent a dose of 500 Gy, obtained a significant reduction in mean colonies of psychrotrophic bacteria (2.25 × 104 g –1 MPN). Thus, the irradiation doses tested favored reducing the number of colonies of psychrotrophic bacteria, regardless of the type of compound and strain of A. bisporus.

Yield of different white button strains in sugar cane by product-based composts

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)