Book Review of Twilight of the Mammoths: Ice Age Extinctions and the Rewilding of America by Paul S. Martin

Applying ecological studies to the adaptations of prehistoric human hunter-gatherer groups has greatly increased our abilities to interpret effects of an ever-changing environment and our access to critical resources on these populations. The Pleistocene/Holocene transition, its climate and human genesis in the new world, draws intensive interest from a number of scientific communities. In Twilight of the Mammoths, Paul Martin adds his views, which are of no surprise, on the megafaunal extirpations during a cultural period referred to in North America as Clovis.

Martin-Barbero, Canclini, Orozco: os impasses de uma teoria da comunicação latino-amricana

A pesquisa latino-americana de comunicação lembra uma ilha isolada, indiferente aos grandes debates filosófico- comunicacionais do século 20. Martín-Barbero ainda pensa segundo o modelo das totalidades e das hegemonias. Estudar a comunicação, para ele, é intervir, agir socialmente, e o processo comunicacional não está no ato de se assistir a TV, mas nas trocas que o receptor faz, lá fora, com sua comunidade. Néstor Canclini, trabalhando com arte e cultura popular, é mais realista, vê o consumo como feito da cumplicidade entre a sociedade civil e o Estado. Critica os que enaltecem os objetos da arte popular e se esquecem dos homens e de seus processos. Guillermo Orozco segue Martín-Barbero e critica as pesquisas que se ocupam do ato comunicacional específico. É alguém que busca a ressurreição dos agentes que vão esclarecer as pessoas como assistir “corretamente” à TV

Two new species of Paraehlersia San Martin, 2003 (Polychaeta, Syllidae) from the Atlantic Coast of South America

Paraehlersia San Martin, 2003 is reported for the first time for the Atlantic coast off South America based on specimens collected off Brazil and Argentina. The specimens belong to two new species, which are herein described. Paraehlersia longichaetosa sp. nov., is characterized by having spiniger-like chaetae with long blades, up to 120 mu m in length, bidentate anterior falcigers, with relatively coarse subdistal tooth, bidentate dorsal simple chaetae, with teeth about same size, and subdistally irregularly inflated aciculae, apparently hollow, with acute tip. Paraehlersia martapolae sp. nov., has spiniger-like chaetae with shorter blades, up to 82 mu m in length, bidentate falcigers, with thin subdistal tooth, distally irregularly rounded dorsal simple chaetae, and aciculae subdistally bent at almost right angle, sometimes with apparently flattened top. These new species are compared to their most similar congeners. Additionally, a table summarizing relevant morphological traits of all currently known species of Paraehlersia is included.

Sein, Identität und Kultur: Versuch einer strukturhermeneutischen Anthropologie im Anschluss an Martin Heidegger und Jean-Paul Sartre

Mit dem vorliegenden Buch verfolgt der Autor vor allem drei Ziele: Das erste besteht darin, die anthropologischen Überlegungen, die sich in konzentrierter Form vor allem in den frühen Hauptwerken von Martin Heidegger und Jean-Paul Sartre finden, herauszulösen, zu systematisieren und zu einem einheitlichen anthropologischen Gedankengefüge zu vernetzen. In einem zweiten Schritt soll dieses Gefüge durch eigene Überlegungen ergänzt und in Auseinandersetzung mit Helmuth Plessner und Karl Jaspers weiterentwickelt werden. Drittens schließlich sollen vor diesem Hintergrund Grundlagen einer »strukturhermeneutischen Anthropologie« ausgearbeitet werden, die ein hermeneutisches Instrumentarium für die Aufklärung der unbedingten persönlichen Geltung kultureller Bindung bereitstellen können und von eigenen identitätstheoretischen Grundüberlegungen getragen werden. Da im fokussierten Zusammenhang kultureller Bindung und interkultureller Auseinandersetzung die Fragen nach dem menschlichen Selbstverhältnis und den Möglichkeiten sowie Bedingungen des Fremdverstehens eine wichtige Rolle spielen, sollen dabei nicht nur die hermeneutischen Aspekte der erörterten anthropologischen Positionen in den Blick genommen werden, sondern auch die damit unmittelbar verknüpften Fragen der Sinn- und Identitätsbildung. In kulturphilosophischer Hinsicht soll ein zentrales Ergebnis der Arbeit sein, anthropologische Eckpunkte menschlichen Entwerfens und Mechanismen der kulturellen Sinn- und Identitätsstiftung herauszuarbeiten, um der Analyse kultureller Bindung sowohl ein anthropologisches als auch ein hermeneutisches Fundament zu geben.

"Cutting for love": genital incisions to enhance sexual desirability and commitment in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Several studies have documented women's use of vaginal practices in South Africa to enhance their desirability to men. This article describes a little known practice of this kind among women in KwaZulu-Natal. It involves the use of small incisions in the genital area (and often abdomen and breasts) to introduce herbal substances, described as love medicines, into the body through the incisions. In-depth interviews were carried out with 20 key informants and 20 women, and eight focus group discussions with women and men, in a rural and urban site in 2005-06. A province-wide household survey was then conducted using a multi-stage cluster sample design among 867 women aged 18-60. Forty-two per cent of the women in the household survey had heard of genital incisions; only 3% had actually used them. The main motivation was the enhancement of sexual attractiveness and long-term partner commitment. It appears to be a very recent practice, but may be an extension of an older healing practice not involving the genitals. It was most prevalent among rural women aged 24-29 (although not significant), those with less education, and those who suspected their partners of having other partners. It is linked to the modern popularity of love medicines, which in turn illustrates the troubling state of gender relations in KwaZulu-Natal today.