Análise sazonal e espacial da precipitação pluvial na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ivaí, Paraná

Climate variability and therefore the rainfall is often cited today, in times to speak of "global change", "global warming", "anthropogenic disasters," among other terms related to climate issues, which may cause floods and disasters that affect entire regions. In this sense, the seasonal rainfall and its extremes in the basin of Ivaí river, which has a drainage area of approximately 36 000 km2, covering a length of 680 km, located in the State of Paraná between coordinates 22 º 54'S 25 ° 44'S and 55 44'W to 52 º 42'W, were analyzed. Influence of rainfall for the man occupation is undeniably important, not less important is the role that this issue poses to the climate abiotic and biotic environment, because the dynamic relations between the fauna and flora is directly related to the availability of water in system (in this case, rain). The methodological procedures used during the research focused on statistical analysis of rainfall series daily, monthly and yearly, provided by the Superintendence of Water Resources Development and Environmental Protection Agency - SUDERHSA, an agency linked to the government of Parana. The analysis period chosen was from 1975 to 2005, with 38 stations for data collection, distributed evenly across the search area. The standard rainfall in the basin is explained mainly by convective processes in the summer (wet season) and front system causing more homogeneous rainfall over the basin (dry season). What is well marked is the occurrence of maximum rainfall in the years 1983 and 1997 (El Niño) and minimal in the years 1977, 1985 and 1988 (La Niña). Finally, although the study area have undergone a significant change in your landscape for over thirty years, this study indicates no significant interference in rainfall.

Comunicação pública e acesso à informação: análise da atuação da SABESP em plataformas virtuais

This undergraduate research final paper analyzed the communication process carried out by the São Paulo State Water and Sanitation Company - Sabesp from the perspective of public communication, social capital and right to information theories. By monitoring Sabesp's institutional fanpage and website from 24 to 30 August 2015, it sought to assess the performance of Sabesp in disclosing public information on the context of the water supply crisis in São Paulo, concerning the fulfillment of requirements of the Right to Information Law (12.527/2011) and the need for interaction and dialogue between the institution and its stakeholders, taken as principles of public communication. The results suggest that digital media can enhance information flow and contribute to foster public relations and civic participation, but there are opportunities for Sabesp to improve communication and reach greater transparency

Diagnóstico de situação epidemiológica da Leishmaniose visceral canina em Rio Verde-GO

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

A gestão de resíduos da construção civil: iniciativas na bacia hidrográfica Tietê-Jacaré e uma proposta para o município de Bauru (SP)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Proposta de captação de água de chuva de para fins não potáveis em projetos residenciais

Water is an economic, strategic and social valuable resource of the utmost importance to society. This renewable natural resource is increasingly scarce with the growing of populations, industries and agriculture, in addition to the pollution surface and underground water and the waste have aggravated this situation. Investments in the sector of water resources so that this resource meets in quantity and quality the demand from its multiple uses, represent a significant portion of national and regional budgets. Therefore, the use of alternative sources of water capture can reduce the pressure on conventional public water supply systems. In this work was designed and executed a rain water collection system to a residence in the city of Barueri (SP), which can be applied to other residences. In this system, the rooftop of the residence was used as the waterproof and capture area. The gutter and the PVC conductors were used for driving the water to two connected reservoirs. The stored water was designed to address activities that are not potable, such as washing clothes and external areas and garden irrigation. The system showed economic viability, with 34-month return of investment time, wherein after that period, in addition to environmental and social benefits derived from the implementation of the project, the economy made with the payment of public supply rates should be considered. This rainwater capture system is inexpensive and uses materials available in the market. Therefore, its application to a greater number of households should be encouraged as a measure of sustainable water management

Diagnóstico e proposição de medidas para o controle das perdas de água no sistema de abastecimento de Guaratinguetá

Over the past two years, Brazil has been facing a major water crisis in its history and the state of Sao Paulo is the one that has been going through worst difficulties. In this scenario, all water users should do everything possible so that the consumption of water resources is carried out in a sustainable manner. In this context, the companies responsible for the public water supply must increase the efficiency of water resource management. It is indispensable combating losses in the public supply system. When there is a non-visible leak in a pipe, the wastewater volume can be high, but in this case, the water returns to nature and continues to participate in the hydrological cycle. The economic loss corresponds to the value added to the product water, which includes the intrinsic costs of exploration, processing and distribution. This damage results in a reduced availability of financial resources of sanitation companies to invest in environmentally friendly solutions. This study aimed to diagnose the water distribution system in the city of Guaratinguetá (SP), held by the Companhia de Serviços de Água, Esgoto e Resíduos de Guaratinguetá (SAEG), to propose measures to combat water loss. Among the proposed measures, there is the monitoring of losses, planning for replacement of old pipes and company awareness as a whole in relation to combat water losses

Percepção de situações de risco ambiental na área rural de São José do Rio Pardo/SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Proposta de captação de água de chuva de para fins não potáveis em projetos residenciais

Water is an economic, strategic and social valuable resource of the utmost importance to society. This renewable natural resource is increasingly scarce with the growing of populations, industries and agriculture, in addition to the pollution surface and underground water and the waste have aggravated this situation. Investments in the sector of water resources so that this resource meets in quantity and quality the demand from its multiple uses, represent a significant portion of national and regional budgets. Therefore, the use of alternative sources of water capture can reduce the pressure on conventional public water supply systems. In this work was designed and executed a rain water collection system to a residence in the city of Barueri (SP), which can be applied to other residences. In this system, the rooftop of the residence was used as the waterproof and capture area. The gutter and the PVC conductors were used for driving the water to two connected reservoirs. The stored water was designed to address activities that are not potable, such as washing clothes and external areas and garden irrigation. The system showed economic viability, with 34-month return of investment time, wherein after that period, in addition to environmental and social benefits derived from the implementation of the project, the economy made with the payment of public supply rates should be considered. This rainwater capture system is inexpensive and uses materials available in the market. Therefore, its application to a greater number of households should be encouraged as a measure of sustainable water management

Diagnóstico e proposição de medidas para o controle das perdas de água no sistema de abastecimento de Guaratinguetá

Over the past two years, Brazil has been facing a major water crisis in its history and the state of Sao Paulo is the one that has been going through worst difficulties. In this scenario, all water users should do everything possible so that the consumption of water resources is carried out in a sustainable manner. In this context, the companies responsible for the public water supply must increase the efficiency of water resource management. It is indispensable combating losses in the public supply system. When there is a non-visible leak in a pipe, the wastewater volume can be high, but in this case, the water returns to nature and continues to participate in the hydrological cycle. The economic loss corresponds to the value added to the product water, which includes the intrinsic costs of exploration, processing and distribution. This damage results in a reduced availability of financial resources of sanitation companies to invest in environmentally friendly solutions. This study aimed to diagnose the water distribution system in the city of Guaratinguetá (SP), held by the Companhia de Serviços de Água, Esgoto e Resíduos de Guaratinguetá (SAEG), to propose measures to combat water loss. Among the proposed measures, there is the monitoring of losses, planning for replacement of old pipes and company awareness as a whole in relation to combat water losses

Percepção de situações de risco ambiental na área rural de São José do Rio Pardo/SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

MAPPING, ORGANIC MATTER MASS AND WATER VOLUME OF A PEATLAND IN SERRA DO ESPINHACO MERIDIONAL

Peatlands form in areas where net primary of organic matter production exceeds losses due to the decomposition, leaching or disturbance. Due to their chemical and physical characteristics, bogs can influence water dynamics because they can store large volumes of water in the rainy season and gradually release this water during the other months of the year. In Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, a peatland in the environmental protection area of Pau-de-Fruta ensures the water supply of 40,000 inhabitants. The hypothesis of this study is that the peat bogs in Pau-de-Fruta act as an environment for carbon storage and a regulator of water flow in the Corrego das Pedras basin. The objective of this study was to estimate the water volume and organic matter mass in this peatland and to study the influence of this environment on the water flow in the Corrego das Pedras basin. The peatland was mapped using 57 transects, at intervals of 100 m. Along all transects, the depth of the peat bog, the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates and altitude were recorded every 20 m and used to calculate the area and volume of the peatland. The water volume was estimated, using a method developed in this study, and the mass of organic matter based on samples from 106 profiles. The peatland covered 81.7 hectares (ha), and stored 497,767 m(3) of water, representing 83.7 % of the total volume of the peat bog. The total amount of organic matter (OM) was 45,148 t, corresponding to 552 t ha(-1) of OM. The peat bog occupies 11.9 % of the area covered by the Corrego das Pedras basin and stores 77.6 % of the annual water surplus, thus controlling the water flow in the basin and consequently regulating the water course.

Soil properties in a sugarcane plantation after the application of treated sewage effluent and phosphogypsum in Brazil

In a field experiment performed in Lins County (Sao Paulo State, Brazil), treated sewage effluent (TSE) irrigation increased sugarcane yield but caused an excessive increase in the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and clay dispersion after 16 months due to an intense irrigation regime (2500 mm/16 months) with sodium rich effluents. After two additional complete cycles with lower TSE irrigation rates (1200 mm year(-1)), 1700 kg ha(-1) of phosphogypsum was added to a section of the irrigated plots to evaluate its residence time and its implications on Na+ dynamics and other soil properties. Undisturbed soil cores were taken 2 years after phosphogypsum application to verify soil physical properties up to 0.2 m depth, and disturbed soil samples were taken every year up to 1 m depth for chemical analyses. After 5 years of consecutive TSE irrigation (2005-2010), soil acidity (pH approximate to 5) and basic cations (Ca approximate to 12, Mg approximate to 6 and K approximate to 2 mmol(c) kg(-1)) were maintained in adequate conditions for plant development without the necessity of liming, while acidity was increased (pH approximate to 4.5) and Ca (approximate to 9 mmol(c) kg(-1)), and the Mg (approximate to 4.5 mmol(c) kg(-1)) concentration decreased in the rainfed without phosphogypsum treatment. An increase in water retention capacity at -30 (from 0.14 to 0.17 m(3) m(-3)) and -1500 kPa (from 0.08 to 0.12 m(3) m(-3)) potentials was also observed in all TSE irrigated treatments. The plots with a phosphogypsum treatment showed average increases of 2 mmol(c) kg(-1) of Ca2+ and 7 mg kg(-1) of S-SO42- in all soil profiles and an average reduction of 2 mmol(c) kg(-1) of Na+ up to 0.4 m from 2008 to 2009. However, the extent of the chemical effects was greater after the first year compared to the second year. The high concentration of Na+ found in previous studies performed in the same area returned to low concentrations after continued TSE irrigation at lower rates, even without the phosphogypsum application. An unusual phosphorus migration was observed to the 0.4-0.8 m soil layer as a result of TSE irrigation, most likely due to a high pH and a Na carbonate-dominated TSE. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mortalidade pós-neonatal no território brasileiro: uma revisão da literatura

O presente trabalho trata-se de revisão sistemática, referente ao período de 2004 a 2009, sobre o tema mortalidade pós-neonatal. Teve o objetivo de identificar como se colocam na literatura, as causas da morte e a relação com as condições socioeconômicas. Foram selecionados 27 artigos, 74,4% publicados em periódicos da área da Saúde Pública e 66,7%, de desenho do tipo ecológico. Quase a totalidade versava sobre grupos de causas e seus componentes (66,7%), seguidos pelo terço restante, sobre a identificação dos fatores determinantes dos óbitos. A região Sudeste produziu mais de 37% dos estudos. Na maioria dos municípios e estados brasileiros, a redução superou 50% no final da década de 1990. Dentre os grupos de causas de óbitos, predominou o grupamento diarreia-pneumonia, seguido pelas malformações congênitas. As condições de vida segundo indicadores socioeconômicos - moradia, saneamento básico, educação e acesso à saúde - foram determinantes para os maiores índices de mortalidade pós-neonatal por causas passíveis de redução.

Mapping, organic matter mass and water volume of a peatland in Serra do Espinhaço Meridional

Peatlands form in areas where net primary of organic matter production exceeds losses due to the decomposition, leaching or disturbance. Due to their chemical and physical characteristics, bogs can influence water dynamics because they can store large volumes of water in the rainy season and gradually release this water during the other months of the year. In Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, a peatland in the environmental protection area of Pau-de-Fruta ensures the water supply of 40,000 inhabitants. The hypothesis of this study is that the peat bogs in Pau-de-Fruta act as an environment for carbon storage and a regulator of water flow in the Córrego das Pedras basin. The objective of this study was to estimate the water volume and organic matter mass in this peatland and to study the influence of this environment on the water flow in the Córrego das Pedras basin. The peatland was mapped using 57 transects, at intervals of 100 m. Along all transects, the depth of the peat bog, the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates and altitude were recorded every 20 m and used to calculate the area and volume of the peatland. The water volume was estimated, using a method developed in this study, and the mass of organic matter based on samples from 106 profiles. The peatland covered 81.7 hectares (ha), and stored 497,767 m³ of water, representing 83.7 % of the total volume of the peat bog. The total amount of organic matter (OM) was 45,148 t, corresponding to 552 t ha-1 of OM. The peat bog occupies 11.9 % of the area covered by the Córrego das Pedras basin and stores 77.6 % of the annual water surplus, thus controlling the water flow in the basin and consequently regulating the water course.

Discussões sobre saúde e doença: revisitando a obra adulta de Monteiro Lobato

As opiniões de Monteiro Lobato a respeito dos temas saúde e doença não se esgotaram na discussão sobre a situação do Jeca Tatu; ele foi além, e em diversos trechos de sua obra adulta observam-se suas opiniões, seus relatos sobre a experiência de adoecer. O presente artigo resgata as concepções de saúde e doença observadas nos escritos de Monteiro Lobato. Por meio da análise de sua obra adulta, pudemos destacar opiniões, relatos sobre a experiência de adoecer de pessoas próximas e queridas, a possibilidade que a doença oferece de socializar as pessoas, o corporativismo médico, a atuação na Liga Pró-Saneamento, o paternalismo das práticas de saúde e a vulnerabilidade daqueles que possuem condição social desfavorável, além de outros tópicos, ora com traços de comicidade, ora com resignação e até com revolta. Assim, o presente estudo analisou a obra adulta do autor, discutindo trechos que tratam da saúde e da doença como experiência vivenciada nas primeiras décadas do século XX.