Formation and circulation of the cold intermediate layer in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence

[ 1] The local heat content and formation rate of the cold intermediate layer (CIL) in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence are examined using a combination of new in situ wintertime observations and a three-dimensional numerical model. The field observations consist of five moorings located throughout the gulf over the period of November 2002 to June 2003. The observations demonstrate a substantially deeper surface mixed layer in the central and northeast gulf than in regions downstream of the buoyant surface outflow from the Saint Lawrence Estuary. The mixed-layer depth in the estuary remains shallow (< 60 m) throughout winter, with the arrival of a layer of near-freezing waters between 40 and 100 m depth in April. An eddy-permitting ice-ocean model with realistic forcing is used to hindcast the period of observation. The model simulates well the seasonal evolution of mixed-layer depth and CIL heat content. Although the greatest heat losses occur in the northeast, the most significant change in CIL heat content over winter occurs in the Anticosti Trough. The observed renewal of CIL in the estuary in spring is captured by the model. The simulation highlights the role of the northwest gulf, and in particular, the separation of the Gaspe Current, in controlling the exchange of CIL between the estuary and the gulf. In order to isolate the effects of inflow through the Strait of Belle Isle on the CIL heat content, we examine a sensitivity experiment in which the strait is closed. This simulation shows that the inflow has a less important effect on the CIL than was suggested by previous studies.

Biology of Grapsus grapsus (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago, Equatorial Atlantic Ocean

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Development banking in the Eastern Caribbean: the case of Saint Lucia and Grenada

Includes bibliography

National Workshop on Women in Development Planning: Review of the Impact of Budget Allocations on the Situation of Women in Saint Lucia, 23 August 1984, Saint Lucia

Informe del Taller sobre la Mujer en la Planificacion del Desarrollo: analisis del impacto de la asignacion del presupuesto a la situacion de la mujer en Santa Lucia.

Report of the Workshop to Develop a Plan of Action for the Small Island States of the Caribbean, Castries, Saint Lucia, 24-28 August 1987

Informe de la reunion en que se reviso el desarrollo cooperativo, la agricultura, la ciencia y tecnologia y el comercio y la industria de las islas pequenas del Caribe.

Women as the recipients of services from resources allocated in the national budget of Saint Lucia

Includes bibliography

Women as recipients of services in the national budget of Saint Christopher and Nevis

Includes bibliography

The impact of immigration on Caribbean microstates: Bahamas, British Virgin Islands, Saint Maarten, United States Virgin Islands

Includes bibliography

Competitiveness of the manufacturing and agro-industrial sectors in the Caribbean with a focus on Dominica, Guyana, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago

Includes bibliography

The impact of trade liberalization and fluctuations of commodity prices on government finances: the case of Saint Lucia

Includes bibliography

Saint Lucia: macro socio-economic assessment of the damage and losses caused by hurricane Dean

Includes bibliography