604 resultados para SAFER
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Abstract Health institutions have an increased risk of occurrence of errors due to their diversity, specificity and volume of services, representing a great concern for health professionals whose main function is to protect the health and lives of their patients. We intend to identify a body of evidence, that shows what the most common adverse events are and what adverse events potentially arise from clinical miscommunications. An integrative literature review using the keywords "Adverse Events", "Patient Safety", "Communication". An inquiry was made on databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo and CINAHL, in articles published between January 2010 and March 2016, available in Portuguese and English. Of the 216 articles that emerged were selected eight articles that answered the research questions: what are the most common adverse events that have their origin in communication errors? Analyzing the selected studies, it appears that the most common adverse events arise in the context of obstetrics and pediatrics, in surgical contexts, in the continuity of care and related medication. Patient safety should be seen as a key component of quality in health care, with good management of the risk of fundamental error for the promotion of this security. The knowledge and understanding that communication failures are one of the main factors contributing to the occurrence of errors in the context of health care, allows the subsequent development of strategies to improve this process and thus ensure safer healthcare.
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Introduo: O presente trabalho introduz um novo tema na rea da Endodontia: Reciclagem Seletiva de Canais Radiculares. Tem os mesmos princpios de desinfeco, conformao e obturao que o retratamento endodntico no cirrgico convencional, no entanto menos invasivo. Est indicado em casos de insucesso prvio no tratamento endodntico e na presena de prteses. Objetivos: Esta dissertao tem como objectivo principal apresentar um possvel novo tratamento na rea da Endodontia. Procedeu-se a uma reviso bibliogrfica, analisando a literatura que versa o tema, de modo a introduzi-lo dentro da rea do retratamento endodntico no cirrgico nos seus diferentes procedimentos: Desobturao e materiais utilizados, instrumental utilizado, irrigantes e a sua utilidade e aplicabilidade na prtica clnica. Materiais e Mtodos: Para a elaborao da presente dissertao, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliogrfica, no presente ano, recorrendo-se aos motores de pesquisa on-line: b-On, Pubmed, Scielo e Google Acadmico, realizando a pesquisa atravs das palavras-chave: endodontic retreatment, root canal system, endodontic irrigation, endodontic solvent, pro-taper, reciproc, clorohexidine, sodium hipoclorite, obturation que foram ento combinadas entre si de mltiplas e sucessivas formas. Foram utilizados 50 artigos dos 87 seleccionados, um livro e uma revista. Discusso: Na literatura cientfica, so comparados vrios materiais para a realizao do retratamento endodntico no cirrgico, como solvente o que melhores resultados apresenta na dissoluo da Gutta-Percha o Xilitol seguido do clorofrmio. Como soluo irrigante a Clorohexidina tem um grande potencial nos casos de retratamento por ser mais eficaz em bactrias Gram+ e pela sua substantividade que permite que a sua actividade bacteriana seja contnua. O sistema Reciproc pela sua forma em S no corte transversal e possuir dois bordos cortantes, aliados sua composio pela nova liga M-Wire, mais resistente toro e fadiga cclica parece ser a melhor opo tanto para desobturao do SCR como re-instrumentao. Com a imagiologia tridimensional, a Reciclagem Selectiva de Canais Radiculares pode ser explorada e tornar-se uma tcnica mais conservadora em casos de retratamento ao conseguir-se determinar qual a raiz com leso apical. Concluso: Perante este novo mtodo mais conservador de realizar o retratamento endodntico no cirrgico, o exame radiolgico por CBCT o grande responsvel pela sua realizao. Com ele podemos ter acesso tridimensionalidade de todas as estruturas orais e consequentemente atingir um diagnstico correcto, com mais informao disponvel. Este novo mtodo, aliado aos melhores materiais utilizados no RTENC convencional podero permitir ao clnico a realizao de um retratamento no cirrgico seguro, mais conservador para a estrutura dentria e para potenciais prteses que possam estar presentes. So necessrios mais estudos com um follow-up mais prolongado para determinar a real efetividade deste tratamento.
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Transportation research makes a difference for Iowans and the nation. Implementation of cost effective research projects contributes to a transportation network that is safer, more efficient, and longer lasting. Working in cooperation with our partners from universities, industry, other states, and FHWA, as well as participation in the Transportation Research Board (TRB), provides benefits for every facet of the DOT. This allows us to serve our communities and the traveling public more effectively. Pooled fund projects allow leveraging of funds for higher returns on investments. In 2010, Iowa led fifteen active pooled fund studies, participated in twenty-two others, and was wrapping-up, reconciling, and closing out an additional 6 Iowa Led pooled fund studies. In addition, non-pooled fund SPR projects included approximately 20 continued, 9 new, and over a dozen reoccurring initiatives such as the technical transfer/training program. Additional research is managed and conducted by the Office of Traffic and Safety and other departments in the Iowa DOT.
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Esta investigacin midi la percepcin del personal asistencial sobre la cultura de seguridad de los pacientes en un hospital de primer nivel de complejidad por medio de un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se utiliz como herramienta de medicin la encuesta Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Cultura (HSOPSC) de la Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) versin en espaol, la cual evala doce dimensiones. Los resultados mostraron fortalezas como el aprendizaje organizacional, las mejoras continuas y el apoyo de los administradores para la seguridad del paciente. Las dimensiones clasificadas como oportunidades de mejora fueron la cultura no punitiva, el personal, las transferencias y transiciones y el grado en que la comunicacin es abierta. Se concluy que aunque el personal perciba como positivo el proceso de mejoramiento y apoyo de la administracin tambin senta que era juzgado si reportaba algn evento adverso.
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Los eventos adversos (EA) estn presentes en todos los niveles de atencin en salud y deben ser evaluados de manera integral, tanto en los servicios hospitalarios como en el entorno de la Atencin Primaria en Salud (APS). Los EA que se presentan en los servicios hospitalarios, son diferentes a los que se presentan en los servicios de Atencin Primaria en Salud (APS) y por ello se debe dar un abordaje diferenciado. La seguridad del paciente debe ser una prioridad para todos los sistemas de salud. Desde esta perspectiva se deben identificar cules son las herramientas ms adecuadas para el reporte, anlisis, intervenciones y acciones de mejora, con las que deben contar los programas de seguridad del paciente y la apropiacin de conceptos de gestin de riesgo, facilita la identificacin y el manejo institucional de situaciones que ponen en peligro la integridad y la vida de los pacientes.
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Background: The transport of children in ground ambulances is a rarely studied topic worldwide. The ambulance vehicle is a unique and complex environment with particular challenges for the safe, correct and effective transportation of patients. Unlike the well developed and readily available guidelines on the safe transportation of a child in motor vehicles, there is a lack on consistent specifications for transporting children in ambulances. Nurses are called daily to transfer children to hospitals or other care centers, so safe transport practices should be a major concern. Purpose: to know which are the safety precautions and specific measures used in the transport of children in ground ambulances by nurses and firefighters and to identify what knowledge these professionals had about safe modes of children transportation in ground ambulances. Methods: In this context, an exploratory - descriptive study and quantitative analysis was conducted. A questionnaire was completed by 135 nurses and firefighters / ambulance crew based on 4 possible children transport scenarios proposed by the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) and covered 5 different childrens age groups (new born children, 1 to 12 months; 1 to 3 years old; 4 to 7 years old and 8 to 12 years old). Results: The main results showed a variety of safety measures used by the professionals and a significant difference between their actual mode of transportation and the mode they consider to be the ideal considering security goals. In addition, findings showed that achieved scores related to what ambulance crews do in the considered scenarios reflect mostly satisfactory levels of transportation rather than optimum levels of safety, according to NHTSA recommendations. Variables as gender, educational qualifications, occupational group and local where professionals work seem to influence the transport options. Female professionals and nurses from pediatric units appear to do a safer transportation of children in ground ambulances than other professionals. Conclusion: Several professionals refereed unawareness of the safest transportation options for children in ambulances and did not to know the existence of specific recommendations for this type of transportation. The dispersion of the results suggests the need for investment in professional training and further regulation for this type of transportation.
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Summary The transport of children in ground ambulances is a rarely studied topic worldwide. The ambulance vehicle is a unique environment with particular challenges for the safe, correct and effective transportation of patients. Unlike the well developed and available guidelines on the transportation of children in motor vehicles, there is a lack on specifications for transporting children in ambulances. Nurses are called daily to transfer children to hospitals or other care centres, so safe transport practices should be a major concern. Methods An exploratory - descriptive study and quantitative analysis was conducted. The safety measures used by the professionals in the transportation of children in ambulances were analysed based on the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) recommendations. A questionnaire was applied to 135 nurses and firefighters/crew of Portuguese ambulances using 4 possible transport situations and covering 5 paediatric age groups. Results There are a variety of safety measures used by professionals and a significant difference between actual mode of transportation and the mode they consider to be the ideal. In addition, findings showed that scores related to what ambulance crews do in these scenarios reflect most satisfactory levels of transportation rather than the optimum levels, according to NHTSA recommendations. Variables as gender, educational qualifications, occupational group and local where professionals work seem to influence the transport options. Female professionals and pediatric nurses do a safer transportation of children in ambulances than other professionals. Conclusion The results suggest the need for investment in professional training and further regulation for this type of transportation.
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A Infeo Associada aos Cuidados de Sade (IACS) assume cada vez mais importncia em Portugal e no mundo, fundamentada pelos dados publicados baseados em inmeros estudos epidemiolgicos. De acordo com a Organizao Mundial de Sade, a prevalncia de Infeo Associada aos Cuidados de Sade (IACS) de 7,6% nos pases desenvolvidos, afetando cerca de 4 milhes de doentes anualmente na Europa. Em Portugal, a prevalncia estimada de IACS em 2012 foi de 10,6% (Pina, Paiva, Nogueira, & Silva, 2013,). Nem todas as IACS so evitveis, todavia, uma proporo significativa pode ser prevenida se conseguirmos envolver os profissionais de sade na adoo de boas prticas no contexto da preveno e controlo de infeo. crucial reconhecer que este problema resulta de mltiplos fatores, mas que pode ser minimizado, tal como preconiza a mensagem Clean Care is Safer Care e o "Programa Nacional de Preveno e Controlo da Infeo Associada aos Cuidados de Sade", com estratgias simples, como a adeso dos profissionais de sade s precaues padro (PP). Apesar das inmeras estratgias implementadas no mbito da preveno da infeo, vrios estudos, evidenciam que a adeso dos profissionais de sade no seu cumprimento continua a ser inferior ao desejvel (DGS, 2013), indiciando a necessidade de estudar os eventuais fatores que dificultam a adeso dos profissionais no cumprimento das normas preconizadas. Objectivo(s) objetivo central do estudo identificar o nvel de adeso e as percees dos enfermeiros que exercem funes na rea de Gesto Integrada Cirrgica I, face s PP. Assim, pretende-se analisar a relao entre a adeso e as percees dos profissionais face s PP, bem como a influncia de algumas caractersticas socio profissionais. Procura-se identificar os fatores dificultadores e facilitadores na adeso a estas precaues. Metodologia Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional, transversal. A amostra constituda por 142 enfermeiros que trabalham em unidades de internamento de cirurgia de um Hospital Central. Foi utilizada uma verso modificada do questionrio "Escalas de Fatores Psicossociais e Organizacionais que Influenciam a Adeso s Precaues-Padro" (Brevidelli e Cianciarullo, 2003, 2009), constituda por uma escala tipo likert de 13 itens, que avalia o nvel de adeso dos participantes s PP e uma escala de 15 itens que avalia as percees dos participantes face s PP. Foram introduzidas duas questes abertas, que permitem caraterizar os fatores facilitadores e dificultadores na adeso s PP. Foram cumpridos os requisitos ticos e formais inerentes ao estudo. Resultados/ Discusso Os respondentes so maioritariamente do sexo masculino (72,5%), com idade mdia de 38,24 anos. Apenas 53,5% possuem formao prvia na rea das PP. No que respeita adeso s PP, constatamos que os enfermeiros apresentam um nvel intermdio de adeso s normas (X =4), obervando-se diferenas em funo do tipo de recomendao. Assim, verificamos que os comportamentos com maior nvel de adeso so os relacionados com a manipulao de materiais corto-perfurantes (X =4,93). Quanto aos equipamentos de proteo individual verificmos que os enfermeiros apresentam um nvel de adeso elevado para as luvas perante a possibilidade de contacto com sangue ou outras secrees (X =4,48) e tm uma baixa adeso (X =3,15) no uso de luvas para a realizao de punes endovenosa. A adeso intermdia no uso de avental protetor (X =4,21) e mscara (X =3,73) e baixa para a utilizao de culos protetores (X =2,02). Constatmos, ainda, que a recapsulao das agulhas tem uma adeso intermdia (X =3,51). No sentido de compreender o que influencia a adeso destes profissionais debrumo-nos sobre as percees dos enfermeiros face s PP e verificamos que o valor mdio global da escala ligeiramente inferior ao da escala de adeso, com uma mdia de 3,89, o que corresponder a intermdio. Observamos que os profissionais apresentam uma perceo moderada dos obstculos para seguir as PP (X =3,62), destacando-se como principais barreiras utilizao das PP a acumulao de atividades dirias (X =2,89) e a falta de tempo para a sua utilizao (X =3,24). Quanto perceo do risco , est moderada (X =3,99), indiciando que os enfermeiros no esto cientes de todos os riscos que correm durante a prestao de cuidados, o que pode comprometer a sua adeso s medidas preventivas. Uma maior perceo do risco por parte dos profissionais, implica um conhecimento elevado dos modos de transmisso de microrganismos e das IACS, culminando numa maior adeso s PP (Pereira, Malaguti-Toffano, Silva,Canini, & Gir, 2013) Relativamente perceo da eficcia da preveno com recurso aos EPI observmos que os enfermeiros tm uma perceo elevada de que podem diminuir o risco de se contaminar com sangue e fluidos orgnicos no trabalho se seguirem as PP (X =4,65). No que respeita perceo do feedback de prticas seguras verificamos que os enfermeiros tm uma perceo intermdia de que a sua adeso faz parte da avaliao de desempenho (X =4,07), de que so chamados ateno quando no seguem as PP (X =3,71) e de que o seu superior hierrquico o apoia no uso das PP (X =4,46). No verificmos associaes significativas entre as caractersticas pessoais (sexo e idade), enquadramento profissional (categoria profissional e anos de exerccio profissional) e formao prvia e as percees e adeso dos enfermeiros s PP. A anlise inferencial permitiu verificar que percees mais positivas, face s PP, esto significativamente associadas a uma maior adeso s PP. Alm disso, os enfermeiros com menor perceo dos obstculos e com uma maior perceo do risco para aderir s PP apresentam um nvel mais elevado de adeso s normas de PP. No que concerne aos fatores facilitadores da adeso s PP, os enfermeiros consideram que a existncia de recursos humanos e materiais adequados lotao e s necessidades do servio so imprescindveis para aumentar a adeso s normas, bem como, uma correta organizao do espao fsico e do trabalho. Alm disso, consideram que a superviso e monitorizao hierrquica, de reforo positivo, de incentivo e de motivao por parte dos superiores relativamente s PP, so fatores facilitadores da sua adeso. Como fatores dificultadores os enfermeiros mencionam que associam utilizao de EPI a uma diminuio da sua habilidade para realizar determinadas atividades, nomeadamente, a interferncia das luvas na colheita de sangue, realam a no organizao do trabalho (como a sobrecarga de atividades em determinados horrios), a inadequao ou a indisponibilidade de recursos materiais, a disparidade entre os recursos humanos existentes e a dotao do servio, a inadequao do espao fsico s necessidades de doentes em isolamento e aos profissionais que lhes prestam cuidados, a falta de formao e a falta de confiana. Concluso Conclumos que o nvel de adeso dos participantes s PP se encontra aqum do preconizado, sendo influenciada pela sua perceo dos obstculos e perceo do risco. Os resultados permitem salientar reas crticas e orientam para projetos de melhoria a desenvolver. Seria crucial dinamizar formaes contnuas sobre IACS, que incorporem componente prtica. No estudo de Felix, Victor, Malaguti & Gir (2011), os enfermeiros que receberam formao sobre PP na instituio apresentavam 34,63 mais probabilidades de aderir s PP do que os profissionais que no tinham recebido. Os enfermeiros manifestam um desfasamento entre o nmero de profissionais necessrios e a dotao do servio, o que referem condicionar a sua adeso s normas e recomendaes de PP, pelo que seria importante dotar os servios com o nmero de profissionais adequados. necessrio maior envolvimento das chefias no incentivo, motivao dos enfermeiros e melhoria das condies de trabalho. Espera-se que a divulgao dos resultados, suscite maior discusso e reflexo sobre este problema na procura conjunta de solues que potenciem maior adeso dos profissionais no cumprimentos das PP, que todos reconhecem ter um papel fundamental na reduo das IACS.
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The Columbia root-knot nematode (CRKN), Meloidogyne chitwoodi, is an EPPO A2 type quarantine pest since 1998. This nematode causes severe damage in economically important crops such as potato and tomato, making agricultural products unacceptable for the fresh market and food processing. Commonly used nematicidal synthetic chemicals are often environmentally unsafe. Essential oils (EOs) may constitute safer alternatives against RKN. EOs, isolated from 56 plant samples, were tested against CRKN hatching, in direct contact bioassays. Some of the most successful EOs were fractionated and the hydrocarbon molecules (HM) and oxygen-containing molecules (OCM) fractions tested separately. 24 EOs displayed very strong hatching inhibitions (90 %) at 2 L mL1 and were further tested at lower concentrations. Dysphaniaambrosioides, Filipendula ulmaria, Ruta graveolens, Satureja montana and Thymbra capitata EOs revealed the lowest EC50 values (<0.15 L mL1). The main compounds of these EOs, namely 2-undecanone, ascaridol, carvacrol, isoascaridol, methyl salicylate, p-cymene and/or -terpinene, were putatively considered responsible for CRKN hatching inhibition. S. montana and T. capitata OCM fractions showed hatching inhibitions higher than HM fractions. The comparison of EO and corresponding fractions EC50 values suggests interactions between OCM and HM fractions against CRKN hatching. These species EOs showed to be potential environmentally friendly CRKN hatching inhibitors; nonetheless, bioactivity should be considered globally, since its HM and OCM fractions may contribute, diversely, to the full anti-hatching activity.
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So Paulo state, Brazil, has been highlighted by the sugarcane crop expansion. The actual scenario of climate and land use changes, bring attention for the large-scale water productivity (WP) analyses. MODIS images were used together with gridded weather data for these analyses. A generalized sugarcane growing cycle inside a crop land mask, from September 2011 to October 2012, was considered in the main growing regions of the state. Actual evapotranspiration (ET) is quantified by the SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving) algorithm, the biomass production (BIO) by the RUE (Radiation Use Efficiency) Monteith?s model and WP is considered as the ratio of BIO to ET. During the four generalized sugarcane crop phases, the mean ET values ranged from 0.6 to 4.0 mm day-1; BIO rates were between 20 and 200 kg ha-1 day-1, resulting in WP ranging from 2.8 to 6.0 kg m-3. Soil moisture indicators are applied, indicating benefits from supplementary irrigation during the grand growth phase, wherever there is water availability for this practice. The quantification of the large-scale water variables may subsidize the rational water resources management under the sugarcane expansion and water scarcity scenarios.
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A quantificao dos componentes do balano de energia em largas escalas importante para o gerenciamento racional dos recursos hdricos em bacias hidrogrficas com mudanas de uso da terra. Neste trabalho objetivamos analisar esses componentes usando imagens Modis em conjunto com dados climticos no polo agrcola Norte de Minas Gerais, durante o ano de 2015, com aplicao do algoritmo Safer. Considerando-se toda a rea estudada, as parties do saldo de radiao (Rn) para os fluxos de calor latente (λE), sensvel (H) e no solo (G) foram, em mdia, 44%, 51% e 5%, respectivamente. Os destaques foram os municpios de Matias Cardoso e Capito Eneas, que se apresentaram como o mais mido e o mais seco, respectivamente, de acordo com suas parties de energia.
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The Jaba Irrigated Perimeter is a large irrigated agriculturearea, located in the region Forest Jaba between the SoFrancisco and Verde Grande rivers, in the Brazilian semi-arid region. In 2014, irrigators thisthe region face losses in theinterruption of new plantings in irrigated areas due to water scarcity. The objective ofthis study is combine the modelto estimate the Monteith BIO with the SAFER algorithm in the case of obtaining ET, to analyze the dynamics of naturalvegetation and irrigated crops in water scarcity period. For application of the model are necessary data frommeteorological stations and satellite images. Were used 23satellite images of MODIS withspatial resolution of 250mand temporal 16 days, of 2014 year. For analyze the results,we used central pivots irrigation mask of Minas Geraisstate, Brazil. In areas with irrigated agriculture with central pivot, the mean values of BIO over the year 2014 were88.96 kg.ha-1.d-1. The highest values occurred between April 23 and May 8, with BIO 139 kg.ha-1.d-1. For areas withnatural vegetation, the average BIO was 88.34 kg.ha-1.d-1with lower values in September. Estimates of ET varied withthe lowest values of ET observedin natural vegetation 1,911,22 mm.d-1and the highest values in irrigated area isobserved 3,510,97 mm.d-1. Results of this study can assist in monitoring of river basins, contributing to themanagement irrigated agriculture, with the trend of scarcity of water resources and increasing conflicts for the wateruse.
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The Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving (SAFER) was used to estimate biophysical parameters and theenergy balance components in two different pasture experimental areas, in the So Paulo state, Brazil. The experimentalpastures consist in six rotational (RGS) and three continuous grazing systems (CGS) paddocks. Landsat-8 images from2013 and 2015 dry and rainy seasons were used, as these presented similar hydrological cycle, with 1,600 mm and 1,613mm of annual precipitation, resulting in 19 cloud-free images. Bands 1 to 7 and thermal bands 10 and 11 were used withweather data from a station located nearthe experimental area. NDVI, biomass, evapotranspiration and latent heat flux(λE) temporal values statistically differ CGS from RGS areas. Grazing systems influences the energy partition and theseresults indicate that RGS benefits biomass production, evapotranspiration and the microclimate, due higher LE values.SAFER is a feasible tool to estimate biophysical parameters and energy balance components in pasture and has potentialto discriminate continuous and rotation grazing systems in a temporal analysis.
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Presso lo stabilimento DOW di Correggio (che una system house per la produzione di prepolimeri poliuretanici) la ricerca attualmente incentrata sullo sviluppo su scala industriale di un reattore pilota continuo di tipo plug flow che andr a sostituire i tradizionali processi BATCH, con un guadagno in termini di sicurezza e costi di investimento. In particolare, il progetto prevedeva di sperimentare le ricette attuali di prepolimeri per applicazioni nel settore della calzatura per valutarne lequivalenza con quelli fatti in BATCH, e di calibrare un modello del reattore pilota che permetta di prevedere le prestazioni del reattore e supporti lo scale-up attraverso la raccolta di dati sperimentali (profili di temperatura, tempi di residenza, titolo di NCO del prodotto, ecc...). Alla conclusione del progetto possibile affermare che la tecnologia robusta, scalabile e rispetto ai sistemi di produzione attuale presenta una maggiore produttivit, sicurezza e minori costi di investimento. At the DOW plant in Correggio, which is a system house for the production of polyurethane prepolymers, the research is currently focused on the develompment and application of a plug flow type continuos reactor that will replace the traditional BATCH processes, with advantages in terms of process safety an investment costs. In particular, the project aims were to test in the pilot plant the prepolymer receipts for footwear application, find out if the result products were similar or better than the ones made with BATCH reactor and harvest experimental data (such as temperatures profiles, reaction time, residual NCO value, etc...) in order to calibrate a model that will support the scale-up to the industrial plant. Now that the project is ended, it is possibile to assert that this tecnology is reliable, scalable, safer and cheaper than the old processes.
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Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) represents a human pathogen implicated in debilitating diseases, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). One of the hallmarks of COPD is the excessive neutrophil oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mcat shows a higher innate level of resistance to exogenous oxidative stress compared to the co-infecting human airways pathogens such as non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) but the underlying mechanisms are currently not well defined. In this thesis, we demonstrated that, differently from NTHi, Mcat was able to directly interfere with ROS production and ROS-related responses such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and autophagy in differentiated neutrophilic-like dHL-60 cells and primary cells. The underlying mechanisms were shown to be phagocytosis/opsonins-independent but contact-dependent, due to the engagement of the immunosuppressive receptors. Indeed, we identified that through OmpCD porin, Mcat was able to engage Siglec inhibitory receptors suppressing ROS generation by the host cells. Furthermore, Mcat provided a safer niche for the co-infecting NTHi bacterium which was otherwise susceptible to the host antimicrobial arsenal. Subsequently, to deeply characterize the Mcat global transcriptional response to oxidative stress, an RNA-Seq experiment was performed on exponentially growing bacteria exposed to sublethal amounts of H2O2 or CuSO4, stimuli that the pathogens experienced once they are phagocytosed. We unraveled a previously unidentified common transcriptional program following H2O2 and CuSO4 exposure, demonstrating a similar defense mechanism to the stress conditions encountered in neutrophils. We ascertained new crucial factors for this pathogen response and established a novel in vivo Mcat infection model, using the invertebrate Galleria mellonella. Actually, we observed that deletion mutants of genes implicated in oxidative stress resistance exhibited reduced virulence. In conclusion, this work represents an important step in the understanding of Mcat innate resistance mechanisms to oxidative stress and further elucidate the virulence mechanisms during infection.
