Facile fabrication of polyester filament fabric with highly and durable hydrophilic surface by microwave-assisted glycolysis

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fabric with highly and durable hydrophilic surface was fabricated using microwave-assisted glycolysis. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a catalyst was proven to be suitable for PET glycolysis under assistance of microwave. The modified PET fabric (0.5% NaOH, irradiation 120 s) showed high surface hydrophilicity with a contact angle of 17.4 ° and a wicking length of 19.36 mm. The exposure of the carboxyl- and hydroxyl-end groups on the surface of PET and the introduction of etches were confirmed by Methylene Blue staining and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), receptively. Although the strength of PET fabric decreased after modification, it was still high enough for textile applications. The thermal properties of the modified PET fabrics were well maintained. The high hydrophilicity and its original properties of PET could be controlled by changing the irradiation time from 60 s to 120 s and adjusting the content of sodium hydroxide from 0.2% to 0.5%. These results suggest microwave-assisted glycolysis with sodium hydroxide is an effective method for PET hydrophilic finishing.

Bifacial fabric structures and properties.

Novel bifacial fabrics, with a woven structure on one face and a knitted structure on the other, were developed and produced on a purpose-built machine using conventional fibres. Bifacial fabrics have two breakages in warp and weft directions, and better thermal comfort properties than traditional woven and knitted fabrics.

La montée du fascisme et de la Grande Dépression en Allemagne, vue par la presse de France, de Grande-Bretagne et des États-Unis (1930-32)

Dans les années 1931-32, les disputes à propos du traité de Versailles accompagnent la montée du fascisme et de la Grande Dépression en Allemagne. Les dirigeants anglosaxons ont justifié leur appui du Reich par leurs opinions publiques et des historiens ont expliqué que ces dernières s’étaient bercées d’illusions sur les enjeux allemands. Mais quelles étaient et d’où provenaient-elles ? Notre étude de quotidiens français, américains et britanniques montre qu’elles n’étaient pas uniquement constituées d’erreurs d’appréciation des réalités objectives, mais aussi de faits occultés, d’inventions, d’une guerre médiatique justifiant les choix de certains dirigeants financiers et politiques anglo-saxons. La diffusion rapide des mêmes inventions des deux côtés de l’Atlantique suggère l’existence de canaux de « fabrique d’opinions » entre l’Allemagne, la Grande-Bretagne, et les États-Unis.

Lusitanian Amphorae in Carthago Nova (Cartagena, Spain): Distribution and Research Questions

The presence of Lusitanian amphorae in the region of Carthago Nova (Cartagena, Spain) has been known for a few years, and yet it has never been the subject of a monographic study. Integrated in the commercial networks of the western Mediterranean, these products circulated within the harbour system of this city between the 1st and the 5th century AD. This paper aims to present a synthesised review of the main Lusitanian imports that were detected: Dressel 14 and Almagro 50, Almagro 51a-b and Almagro 51c. The difficulty in identifying the ceramic fabrics and the scarce documentation regarding some finds pose complex problems. This study extends to the hinterland of the colony and to other nearby settlements, such as Portmán and Puerto de Mazarrón.

Extensional orogenic collapse captured by strike-slip tectonics:

The late Paleozoic collision between Gondwana and Laurussia resulted in the polyphase deformation and magmatism that characterizes the Iberian Massif of the Variscan orogen. In the Central Iberian Zone, initial con- tinental thickening (D1; folding and thrusting) was followed by extensional orogenic collapse (D2) responsible for the exhumation of high-grade rocks coeval to the emplacement of granitoids. This study presents a tectonometamorphic analysis of the Trancoso-Pinhel region (Central Iberian Zone) to ex- plain the processes in place during the transition froman extension-dominated state (D2) to a compression-dom- inated one (D3).Wereveal the existence of low-dipping D2 extensional structures later affected by several pulses of subhorizontal shortening, each of them typified by upright folds and strike-slip shearing (D3, D4 and D5, as identified by superimposition of structures). The D2 Pinhel extensional shear zone separates a low-grade domain from an underlying high-grade domain, and it contributed to the thermal reequilibration of the orogen by facil- itating heat advection from lower parts of the crust, crustal thinning, decompression melting, and magma intru- sion. Progressive lessening of the gravitational disequilibrium carried out by this D2 shear zone led to a switch from subhorizontal extension to compression and the eventual cessation and capture of the Pinhel shear zone by strike-slip tectonics during renewed crustal shortening. High-grade domains of the Pinhel shear zone were folded together with low-grade domains to define the current upright folded structure of the Trancoso-Pinhel re- gion, the D3 Tamames-Marofa-Sátão synform. Newdating of syn-orogenic granitoids (SHRIMP U\\Pb zircon dat- ing) intruding the Pinhel shear zone, together with the already published ages of early extensional fabrics constrain the functioning of this shear zone to ca. 331–311 Ma, with maximum tectonomagmatic activity at ca. 321–317 Ma. The capture and apparent cessation of movement of the Pinhel shear zone occurred at ca. 317– 311 Ma.

Comparing pollination control bag types for sorghum seed harvest.

Efficacy of pollination bags made of new nonwoven fabrics was compared with the traditional paper bags in sorghum during 2015 using three cultivars comprising BR007B (red seeded), SC283 (white seeded) and 1167048 hybrid with tannin (brown seeded). The five pollination bag treatments were: no bagging, traditional paper bag, paper bag plus plastic screen bag for extra bird protection, duraweb®SG2 polypropylene bag and duraweb®SG1 polyester bag. There was no bird damage on tannin hybrid but birds damaged bags to access grains of the other two varieties. Varieties and bag types differed significantly, and also showed significant interactions for panicle weight (at P<0.06), seed weight and average seed weight per panicle. The tannin hybrid was consistently a better performer for all traits regardless of bag type. The paper bags were the worst for bird damage. Duraweb® SG1 was the best performer for all traits including bird damage followed by duraweb®SG2. The joint regression analysis showed that BR007B performed consistently under all bag types with average response. On the other hand, SC283 improved its response with the increasing quality of bag type at an above average rate for panicle weight and seed traits. It was concluded that new nonwoven fabric bags could replace paper bags in providing better seed production potential and greater protection against bird damage.