Jüdische Geschichte als imperiale Geschichte: die Juden des Alten Reichs, das Reichskammergericht und der Reichshofrat

Projektvorstellung: Nachwuchsgruppe „Eigentums- und Besitzrechte von Frauen in der Rechtspraxis des Alten Reiches (1648-1806)“ an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

Der Totenkult um die Kolonialheroen des Deutschen Kaiserreichs

Der Tod der deutschen Kolonialpioniere stellte dem Anschein nach ein ideales Feld nationaler Identifikation dar. Die Männer der ersten Stunde hatten afrikanisches Territorium gegen die Unbilden der Natur und die Widerstände der einheimischen Bevölkerung in Besitz genommen. Die Erinnerung an die toten Helden konnte daher sinnfällige Mythen nationaler Erfolgsgeschichte bereitstellen. Der Beitrag überprüft am Beispiel der beiden zeitgenössisch bei weitem bekanntesten deutschen Kolonialpioniere Hermann von Wissmann und Carl Peters, welche Formen und Funktionen der Totenkult um die Kolonialheroen des Kaiserreichs hatte. Beisetzungsfeiern, Nachrufe, Denkmäler und Nachwirkungen werden betrachtet, bevor abschließend vergleichende allgemeinere Schlussfolgerungen gezogen werden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Ehrung der Kolonialhelden allenfalls oberflächlich zur nationalen Integration beitrug. Vielmehr wurde der Kult um die Kolonialpioniere, der schon zu Zeiten des Kaiserreichs vor allem auf die Kolonialbewegung selbst zurückging und vom Reich nur mit Zurückhaltung unterstützt wurde, zunehmend zur Kritik an der Berliner Politik genutzt. Er diente der Rechtfertigung und Schuldzuweisung. Im Kolonialrevisionismus nach 1918 bestätigt sich dieser Befund.

Nicht nur physisches, sondern seelisches Material erfassen - Zur künstlerischen Verwandtschaft zwischen Lehmbruck und Beuys

Der folgende Beitrag, der ursprünglich reich bebildert als Katalog zur Ausstellung Lehmbruck | Beuys. Zeichnungen (Stiftung Wilhelm Lehmbruck Museum, Duisburg, 16.11.2008-04.01.2009. In Kooperation mit der Stiftung Museum Schloss Moyland, Bedburg-Hau) erscheinen sollte, untersucht an zentralen Werken aus den beiden Museumssammlungen die künstlerische Verwandtschaft zwischen Lehmbruck und Beuys. Obwohl der Text durch den Verzicht auf das Bildmaterial an Argumentationskraft einbüßt, vermag er die Struktur der Ausstellung zu dokumentieren und erlaubt durch detaillierte Werkangaben, die Analogien nachzuvollziehen.

Nicht nur physisches, sondern seelisches Material erfassen - Zur künstlerischen Verwandtschaft zwischen Lehmbruck und Beuys

Der folgende Beitrag, der ursprünglich reich bebildert als Katalog zur Ausstellung Lehmbruck | Beuys. Zeichnungen (Stiftung Wilhelm Lehmbruck Museum, Duisburg, 16.11.2008-04.01.2009. In Kooperation mit der Stiftung Museum Schloss Moyland, Bedburg-Hau) erscheinen sollte, untersucht an zentralen Werken aus den beiden Museumssammlungen die künstlerische Verwandtschaft zwischen Lehmbruck und Beuys. Obwohl der Text durch den Verzicht auf das Bildmaterial an Argumentationskraft einbüßt, vermag er die Struktur der Ausstellung zu dokumentieren und erlaubt durch detaillierte Werkangaben, die Analogien nachzuvollziehen.

Osteocyte lacunar density and area in newly formed bone of the augmented sinus

OBJECTIVES Osteocytes, the most common cells of the bone, are buried in lacunae. Density and area of the osteocyte lacunae change with increasing maturation of the newly formed bone. Evaluation of osteocyte lacunae can therefore provide insights into the process of graft consolidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we determined the osteocyte lacunar density (number of osteocyte lacunae per bone area; N.Ot/BAr) and the osteocyte lacunar area in μm(2) (Lac.Ar) in histological specimens 6 and 12 weeks after the sinuses of 10 minipigs were augmented with Bio-Oss(®) , a deproteinized bovine bone mineral, and Ostim(®) , an aqueous paste of synthetic nanoparticular hydroxyapatite. The region of interest was defined by the following criteria: (i) >1 mm from the host bone, (ii) >0.5 mm from the sinus mucosa, (iii) minimum area of 0.2 mm(2) , and (iv) bone tissue spanning at least two bone substitute particles. RESULTS The overall osteocyte lacunar density was significantly higher in the Bio-Oss(®) group than in the Ostim(®) group and decreased during the observation period at a similar range in both groups. The osteocyte lacunar area was smaller in the Bio-Oss(®) group than the Ostim(®) group but there was no significant change within the groups over time. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that bone substitutes affect the osteocyte lacunar density and the osteocyte lacunar area in the newly formed bone within the augmented sinus in this particular model situation. These measures can provide insights into the maturation of newly formed bone in the augmented sinus.

Architektura a ideologie. Výchovné instituce Adolfa Hitlera v protektorátu Čechy a Morava a v Říšské župě Sudety

This article examines the architecture of the Nazi regime in two occupied cities of Czechoslovakia, Praha/Prag and Jihlava/Iglau (the latter being one of the traditionally German-speaking island in the bohemia country), and focuses specifically on the process by which Hitler youth organisations (Hitlerjugend) in case of ‘education’ and indoctrination of youth were or were not successfully established in these cities. As comparison, he takes the political-administrative centres of the Sudeten Reichsgau, Ústí/Aussig, Opava/Troppau, Karlovy Vary/Karlsbad and Liberec/Reichenberg. Drawing on Czech and German archive materials, the extensive body of modern analytical literature, and propagandist literature from the period studied, the author examines the extent to which architecture served as a projection screen for Fascist propaganda in the Occupied Eastern territories. He describes the role played by the Reichsstelle für Raumordnung and shows how the Reich’s propagandist objectives came to be reflected in a high specific typology and stylistic lexicon/configuration for the architecture of Hitler youth hostels and homes He examines the process by which these organisations were powerful implanted into the space of occupied Czechoslovakia (and Sudeten) too, a topic that has not yet been addressed in (art) history too. The building projects developed for the Protectorate (published here for the first time) and managed by the Reich’s Hitler Youth Leadership in Berlin (Kulturamt, Reichsjugendführung, RJF, Abteilung HJ) reveal the ties that existed between the construction authorities in the Reich and the Protectorate, including the Planning Committee for the City of Prague. The author asks how many German and Czech architects participated for their own profit in the Nazi system, and for future research raises the hitherto taboo question of guilt and collaboration with the Nazis and the perception of this phenomenon in art history, i.e. the measure of active cooperation of not just German but also Czech architects who contributed to the planning and implementation of projects and thereby unequivocally had a hand in consolidating the totalitarian regime and de facto in the forced „Germanification” of their own people under occupation.

Concept, design and implementation of a cardiovascular gene-centric 50 k SNP array for large-scale genomic association studies.

A wealth of genetic associations for cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes in humans has been accumulating over the last decade, in particular a large number of loci derived from recent genome wide association studies (GWAS). True complex disease-associated loci often exert modest effects, so their delineation currently requires integration of diverse phenotypic data from large studies to ensure robust meta-analyses. We have designed a gene-centric 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to assess potentially relevant loci across a range of cardiovascular, metabolic and inflammatory syndromes. The array utilizes a "cosmopolitan" tagging approach to capture the genetic diversity across approximately 2,000 loci in populations represented in the HapMap and SeattleSNPs projects. The array content is informed by GWAS of vascular and inflammatory disease, expression quantitative trait loci implicated in atherosclerosis, pathway based approaches and comprehensive literature searching. The custom flexibility of the array platform facilitated interrogation of loci at differing stringencies, according to a gene prioritization strategy that allows saturation of high priority loci with a greater density of markers than the existing GWAS tools, particularly in African HapMap samples. We also demonstrate that the IBC array can be used to complement GWAS, increasing coverage in high priority CVD-related loci across all major HapMap populations. DNA from over 200,000 extensively phenotyped individuals will be genotyped with this array with a significant portion of the generated data being released into the academic domain facilitating in silico replication attempts, analyses of rare variants and cross-cohort meta-analyses in diverse populations. These datasets will also facilitate more robust secondary analyses, such as explorations with alternative genetic models, epistasis and gene-environment interactions.

Reduced neutrophil count in people of African descent is due to a regulatory variant in the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines gene.

Persistently low white blood cell count (WBC) and neutrophil count is a well-described phenomenon in persons of African ancestry, whose etiology remains unknown. We recently used admixture mapping to identify an approximately 1-megabase region on chromosome 1, where ancestry status (African or European) almost entirely accounted for the difference in WBC between African Americans and European Americans. To identify the specific genetic change responsible for this association, we analyzed genotype and phenotype data from 6,005 African Americans from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study, and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We demonstrate that the causal variant must be at least 91% different in frequency between West Africans and European Americans. An excellent candidate is the Duffy Null polymorphism (SNP rs2814778 at chromosome 1q23.2), which is the only polymorphism in the region known to be so differentiated in frequency and is already known to protect against Plasmodium vivax malaria. We confirm that rs2814778 is predictive of WBC and neutrophil count in African Americans above beyond the previously described admixture association (P = 3.8 x 10(-5)), establishing a novel phenotype for this genetic variant.