The Economic Effects of Ski Resorts on Communities in the State of Maine

Skiing and snowboarding is a fairly expensive activity for participant and one in which the industry as a whole makes handsome profits. In the 2005/06 season, resorts in the Northeast reported an average gross revenue of $18.5 million. (NSAA) With the current weather phenomenon of El Nino, however, resorts in New England especially, have been suffering economically. The gross revenue in New England in the ’05/’06 season was down 4% from the previous year, likely due to the fact the total snowfall declined by 16%. (NSAA) Much of this loss in revenue came during the Christmas to New Years vacation period. In the 2007 season, most mountains were less than half-opened during this peak week and the number of skiers and riders was especially low. With such a large decrease in profits, it is likely that many people will soon be affected (if they have not already been), including local employees. This project, therefore, seeks to analyze the impact that the resorts have on the local economies in order to determine the potential problems the changing snowfall patterns could have on locals’ well-being. It is hypothesized that there will be a strong correlation between the proximity of a community to a resort and the relative economic prosperity of that community; meaning that the ski industry is a pivotal part of their income and livelihood.

The Impact of Land Use Patterns and Watershed Characteristics on China Lake, Kennebec County, Maine

China Lake is located in Kennebec County, Maine. Since 1983 the lake has suffered from yearly algal blooms as a result of the addition of excess nutrients. The nutrient load was amplified by erosion within the watershed. Erosion varies widely depending on a number of factors, including the slope of the land, the type of soil, and the way the land is being used. Certain land use types have a high potential to add nutrients to the environment, while others may help absorb excess nutrients and prevent erosion and runoff into the lake. A comprehensive examination of the China Lake watershed was completed using GIS to calculate the erosion potential for the entire area, taking into account past and present land use patterns. This information will help the towns around the lake to make informed decisions about future development and land management.

Gay and Lesbian Life at Colby 1969-1974

The history of a gay and lesbian student community at Colby seems to point to the difficulty of visibility. For students who were able to find others like themselves, their group of lesbian and gay friends had to remain underground. For students who were grappling with their newly found, socially stigmatized sexuality, the experience was isolating if they did not know where to find others like themselves. This paper seeks to address the social forces that kept sexually variant students from expressing their sexual identities openly on campus. Part of this difficulty is attributable to the compulsory heterosexuality assumed by general American society at the time, manifested in the silence or outright hostility directed against homosexuals. Naturally, Colby students replicated this assumption. Some of the students we interviewed seemed to internalize compulsory heterosexuality, while it was forced upon others. Religion and psychology were two methods of enforcing heterosexuality that were relevant to the people we interviewed. Another significant obstacle to visibility was Colby's location and the nature of Colby's student body. Waterville, unlike more urban cities, did not have a history of gay life, and thus an established gay community or gay identity into which one could be socialized. Colby, as a small, homogeneous and isolated space, posed difficulties in establishing a gay community as the population to draw from was small and regulated.

Scriptural Archeology: Excavating the Presence of Women in the Torah

Women's roles in religious history have been traditionally described in terms of their relation and value to men. The normative religious texts provide an androcentric perspective on the gender relationships within the early community, the growth of Judaism in "Jacob's House" and the monotheistic worship of God. Yet these literary representations omit an entire half of the experience of the Jewish community: the perspective and participation of women. As Judith Plaskow argues extensively in Standing Again at Sinai, women are defined not in her own terms or in her own voice, but by her relationship and value to men through the androcentric vocabulary of the Torah. This statement is textually illustrated by the authorial and editorial presentation of women and their place in ancient Israelite society in the Torah. As Judaism grew increasingly androcentric in its leadership, women were increasingly reduced to marginal figures in the community by authorial and editorial revisions. Yet the participation of women of ancient Israel is not lost. Instead, the presence of women is buried beneath the androcentric presentation of the early Judaic community, waiting to be excavated by historical and scriptural examination. The retelling of the past is influenced by the present; memory is not static but takes on different shapes depending on the focus of concentration. However, tradition greatly influences the interpretation of religious history as well. In the book of Genesis, the literature emphasizes the divine appointment of male figures such as Abraham the father of the covenant and Jacob who is renamed and claimed by God as "Israel," placing them at the center of Jewish history. As a result, the other figures in these biblical narratives are described in relation to the patriarchs, those male bearers of the covenant, by their service or their value to him. Women are at the bottom of this hierarchy. Although female figures of exceptional quality are noted in later chronicles, such as Ruth, Deborah and Miriam, it is the very nature of their exception that highlights the androcentric editorial focus of the Torah. I agree with Peggy Day, whose own scriptural examination in Gender and Difference in Ancient Israel, makes the important distinction between the literary representation and the reality of ancient Israelite culture: they are not coextensive nor equivalent. Although the text represents the culture of ancient Israel as male dominated from the time of Abraham, this presentation omits the perspective of half of the population-the women. By beginning at the point of realization that women did exist and were active in their culture, and placing aside the androcentric perspective of the text and its editors, the reality of women's place in ancient Israel may be determined. Through this new perspective, the women of the Torah will emerge as the archetypes of strength, leadership and spiritual insight to provide Jewish women of the present with female, ancestral role models and a foundation for their gender's heritage, a more complete understanding of the partial record of Jewish history recorded in the Torah. Those stories that appear as the exception of women's presence will unveil an exceptional presence. As Tamar Frankiel eloquently states in The Voice of Sarah, "the women we call our 'Mothers'-Sarah, Rivkah (Rebekah), Rachel, and Leah-are not merely mothers, any more than the 'Fathers'-Abraham, Isaac and Jacob-are merely fathers "(Frankiel 5).

Conservation Land and Human Presence Surrounding Roseate Tern, Lest Tern and Piping Plover Nest Sites in Maine

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PRIORITIZING LAND PURCHASES FOR THE BELGRADE REGIONAL CONSERVATION ALLIANCE

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Prioritizing Land Purchases for the Belgrade Regional Conservation Alliance

The Belgrade Regional Conservation Alliance is an organization that is dedicated to preserving land and water quality in the Belgrade Lakes region in Maine. The BRCA holds land in such towns as Belgrade, Mount Vernon, New Sharon, Vienna, Rome, Smithfield, and Oakland. The BRCA is looking to expand its acreage in and around these areas to better accommodate the public and to promote the ongoing effort to conserve land as part of the Kennebec Highlands Project. The BRCA is currently considering parcels of 50+ acres in New Sharon, Rome, Belgrade, and Mount Vernon. In order to identify possible suitable parcels, we completed a GIS analysis and produced these layered maps, which highlight areas of land that we think might be desirable to the BRCA. Our analysis encompasses human access, wildlife access, and the locations and sizes of parcels.

Impactos da votalidade cambial na atividade de turismo receptivo: novos desenhos de contratos

De 2002 a 2006 a moeda nacional brasileira, o real, vem sofrendo crescente valorização, tendência que afeta negativamente o setor exportativo no Brasil. Este trabalho refere-se o impacto desta valorização numa indústria específica do setor de exportação, a de turismo receptivo. São destacados os modelos de contratos atuais e analisada a proposição de um novo modelo de contrato, fechado em moeda nacional para as vendas internacionais, visando minimizar o risco cambial inerente à atividade. Os resultados indicam que a adoção deste novo modelo contratual eliminaria o risco cambial da parte da cadeia de distribuição situada no território nacional, trocando este por risco de demanda em função da flutuação do preço para o cliente final.

Telefonia fixa no Estado de São Paulo: aspectos relevantes à compreensão do processo de privatização da TELESP e seus desdobramentos

Numa perspectiva exploratória, trata dos desdobramentos da abertura do setor de telefonia fixa no Estado de São Paulo, especialmente aqueles relacionados à participação da sociedade nesse processo, caracterizando-o e apontando aspectos que limitariam a construção de um sistema de avaliação da política de desestatização através do olhar do usuário desse serviço público.

Carreiras de estado e cargos em comissão no Brasil pós-1994 pela perspectiva teórica de Silberman: a consolidação de uma burocracia do tipo profissional

O trabalho procura identificar a variável que tem condicionando, desde 1994, o processo de fortalecimento das carreiras de estado da Administração Direta do governo federal brasileiro. Além disso, busca levantar as razões pelas quais a consolidação destas carreiras não estaria ocorrendo no sentido de formar uma burocracia tipicamente weberiana. Para proceder esta análise, recorreu-se à obra de Bernard Silberman intitulada Cages of Reason: the Rise of the Rational State in France, Japan, the United States and Great Britain. Silberman parte do pressuposto de que há dois tipos de burocracia: a profissional, presente nos Estados Unidos e na Grã-Bretanha, e a organizacional, constituída em países como a França e o Japão. Sua teoria sugere que a variável que teria propiciado o surgimento destes modelos burocráticos é o tipo de incerteza enfrentado pelos governantes para assegurar sua permanência no poder. O primeiro capítulo é dedicado à apresentação e crítica desta perspectiva teórica. O segundo capítulo procura adaptar a teoria ao caso brasileiro, a fim de subsidiar o estudo de caso sobre o processo de formação de uma burocracia meritocrática na Administração Direta do governo federal. A hipótese considerada é a de que o presidencialismo de coalizão tem sido determinante para o aumento da incerteza no Brasil a partir de 1994, o que estaria levando os políticos a reavaliar a estratégia de montagem do governo por meio da patronagem. Para verificar sua validade, tentou-se relacionar o contexto político com as medidas administrativas relativas às carreiras de estado e ao provimento dos cargos em comissão desde a década de 1930 até o presente. Concluiu-se que a hipótese levantada não é inteiramente válida para explicar o processo de fortalecimento das carreiras de estado. Contudo, há indícios de sua coerência para justificar as medidas adotadas pelo governo do Presidente Lula para disciplinar as nomeações dos cargos comissionados. Em relação ao formato das carreiras burocráticas, constatou-se, a partir da teoria de Silberman, que a presença no Brasil do que ele denominou de baixa incerteza, resultou na formação de uma burocracia mais assemelhada ao modelo profissional.

Limites e alcances da participação pública na implementação de políticas subnacionais em mudanças climáticas e o município de São Paulo

Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de discutir os limites e alcances do Comitê Municipal de Mudança do Clima e Ecoeconomia de São Paulo enquanto espaço de participação pública de apoio à implementação da Lei da Política de Mudança do Clima do município a partir da análise do seu desenho institucional. Esta discussão parte dos elementos que impulsionaram a entrada do tema das mudanças climáticas na agenda política da cidade e do debate sobre a efetividade de espaços participativos em gestão pública. A problematização sobre a efetividade do espaço em questão é feita a partir do resgate histórico da democracia participativa no Brasil. O referencial teórico do estudo está centrado na discussão sobre participação pública dentro dos debates sobre democracia participativa conforme produção analítica gerada nos campos da Administração Pública, Ciências Políticas e Ciências Sociais. Procura-se compreender se a presença de um espaço como o Comitê Municipal de Mudança do Clima e Ecoeconomia pode ser um mecanismo relevante para auxiliar na implementação de uma política subnacional sobre mudanças climáticas, dadas as complexidades de um tema de interface global e local e os desafios associados ao desenvolvimento sustentável, numa megacidade como São Paulo. Referências a questões levantadas por diferentes atores no debate internacional sobre mudança climática são citadas nesta discussão, por causa da sua relevância e influência no nível local.