Report on the 90% funding target of Public Act 88-0593.

The funded ratio places the unfunded liabilities in the context of the retirement system's assets. Expressed as a percentage of a system's liabilities, the funded ratio is calculated by dividing net assets by the accrued liabilities. The result is the percentage of the accrued liabilities that are covered by assets. At 100%, a fully funded system has sufficient assets to pay all benefits earned to date by all its members. Of course, in order to calculate the funded ratio, the accrued actuarial liabilities must be calculated and the actual value of plan assets must be determined.

Políticas de inclusión en la Universidad Nacional de La Plata : Modalidades, actitudes y estrategias de trabajo para albergar las diferencias

En las universidades públicas argentinas, desde la época de la recuperación democrática se ha venido construyendo un modelo institucional masivo y diverso en la composición del estudiantado, aunque no exento de dificultades para concretar la apropiación efectiva del conocimiento, particularmente en carreras que poseen ciclos iniciales estructurados en torno a materias como Matemática, Química y Física, entre otras. En años recientes, los cambios en la enseñanza media, especialmente la extensión de la obligatoriedad a este tramo y políticas conexas de ampliación de derechos, han creado un público cada vez más heterogéneo demandante de ingreso a la universidad. En este contexto, el ingreso y permanencia de los estudiantes en los primeros años se perfilan como tramos problemáticos, por registrarse en ellos los mayores índices de deserción, abandono y bajo desempeño académico. Las estrategias de inclusión se han incorporado a la agenda universitaria desde hace años, a través de iniciativas dirigidas al conjunto de los estudiantes, junto con otras específicas que focalizan carreras y/o grupos estudiantiles singulares, impulsadas desde ámbitos centrales y locales de formulación de políticas. Entre ellas, se contabilizan programas nacionales generados por la Secretaría de Políticas Universitarias (en adelante, SPU) y por el Ministerio de Educación de la Nación (en adelante, MEN), orientadas a mejorar la transición entre la escuela secundaria y los ciclos básicos de carreras universitarias. A nivel local, el estatuto de política institucional que ha adquirido la problemática del ingreso y los primeros años, se evidencia a través de su incorporación a los planes estratégicos de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (en adelante, UNLP) y de la creación de ámbitos, como la Dirección de Articulación Académica que inicialmente trabajó enmarcada en un Programa Nacional de Articulación y con posterioridad gestó programas propios y, más recientemente, la Dirección de Bienestar Estudiantil

Políticas de inclusión en la Universidad Nacional de La Plata : Modalidades, actitudes y estrategias de trabajo para albergar las diferencias

En las universidades públicas argentinas, desde la época de la recuperación democrática se ha venido construyendo un modelo institucional masivo y diverso en la composición del estudiantado, aunque no exento de dificultades para concretar la apropiación efectiva del conocimiento, particularmente en carreras que poseen ciclos iniciales estructurados en torno a materias como Matemática, Química y Física, entre otras. En años recientes, los cambios en la enseñanza media, especialmente la extensión de la obligatoriedad a este tramo y políticas conexas de ampliación de derechos, han creado un público cada vez más heterogéneo demandante de ingreso a la universidad. En este contexto, el ingreso y permanencia de los estudiantes en los primeros años se perfilan como tramos problemáticos, por registrarse en ellos los mayores índices de deserción, abandono y bajo desempeño académico. Las estrategias de inclusión se han incorporado a la agenda universitaria desde hace años, a través de iniciativas dirigidas al conjunto de los estudiantes, junto con otras específicas que focalizan carreras y/o grupos estudiantiles singulares, impulsadas desde ámbitos centrales y locales de formulación de políticas. Entre ellas, se contabilizan programas nacionales generados por la Secretaría de Políticas Universitarias (en adelante, SPU) y por el Ministerio de Educación de la Nación (en adelante, MEN), orientadas a mejorar la transición entre la escuela secundaria y los ciclos básicos de carreras universitarias. A nivel local, el estatuto de política institucional que ha adquirido la problemática del ingreso y los primeros años, se evidencia a través de su incorporación a los planes estratégicos de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (en adelante, UNLP) y de la creación de ámbitos, como la Dirección de Articulación Académica que inicialmente trabajó enmarcada en un Programa Nacional de Articulación y con posterioridad gestó programas propios y, más recientemente, la Dirección de Bienestar Estudiantil

Políticas de inclusión en la Universidad Nacional de La Plata : Modalidades, actitudes y estrategias de trabajo para albergar las diferencias

En las universidades públicas argentinas, desde la época de la recuperación democrática se ha venido construyendo un modelo institucional masivo y diverso en la composición del estudiantado, aunque no exento de dificultades para concretar la apropiación efectiva del conocimiento, particularmente en carreras que poseen ciclos iniciales estructurados en torno a materias como Matemática, Química y Física, entre otras. En años recientes, los cambios en la enseñanza media, especialmente la extensión de la obligatoriedad a este tramo y políticas conexas de ampliación de derechos, han creado un público cada vez más heterogéneo demandante de ingreso a la universidad. En este contexto, el ingreso y permanencia de los estudiantes en los primeros años se perfilan como tramos problemáticos, por registrarse en ellos los mayores índices de deserción, abandono y bajo desempeño académico. Las estrategias de inclusión se han incorporado a la agenda universitaria desde hace años, a través de iniciativas dirigidas al conjunto de los estudiantes, junto con otras específicas que focalizan carreras y/o grupos estudiantiles singulares, impulsadas desde ámbitos centrales y locales de formulación de políticas. Entre ellas, se contabilizan programas nacionales generados por la Secretaría de Políticas Universitarias (en adelante, SPU) y por el Ministerio de Educación de la Nación (en adelante, MEN), orientadas a mejorar la transición entre la escuela secundaria y los ciclos básicos de carreras universitarias. A nivel local, el estatuto de política institucional que ha adquirido la problemática del ingreso y los primeros años, se evidencia a través de su incorporación a los planes estratégicos de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (en adelante, UNLP) y de la creación de ámbitos, como la Dirección de Articulación Académica que inicialmente trabajó enmarcada en un Programa Nacional de Articulación y con posterioridad gestó programas propios y, más recientemente, la Dirección de Bienestar Estudiantil

O COORDENADOR PEDAGÓGICO E A FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE CRECHE: POSSIBILIDADES E DESAFIOS

O Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) determina que 50% das crianças de 0 a 3 anos tenham vagas garantidas em Creches Públicas e a Lei do Piso n. 11.738/08 apresenta, em seu parágrafo quarto, que na composição da jornada de trabalho do professor observar-se-á um terço destinado à formação. A determinação destas mudanças aumenta a preocupação e responsabilidade em qualificar a formação continuada nestas instituições, as quais ainda sentem o peso dos vários anos de negligência. Pela atualidade e importância temática, a presente abordagem investiga a trajetória formativa e profissional de educadores de Creche, com o objetivo de possibilitar a reflexão e a análise sobre as estratégias utilizadas na formação continuada, bem como um debate dialético entre as práticas e as teorias trazidas nos estudos e pesquisas. Através da metodologia da Pesquisa de Campo de Natureza Qualitativa, buscou-se, ao contatar profissionais de cinco creches do município de São Bernardo do Campo, investigar a seguinte questão: De que forma o Coordenador Pedagógico que atua em creche tem contribuído, ou não, com a formação de profissionais reflexivos, pesquisadores e autores da própria prática? No intuito de responder a questão, foram realizadas entrevistas com cinco Coordenadoras Pedagógicas (CPs), três Professoras e dois Auxiliares em Educação e, em vista de maiores subsídios necessários ao debate, também foram entrevistadas uma Coordenadora de um curso de Pedagogia, com a finalidade de ampliar os conhecimentos sobre o curso de Pedagogia na atualidade, e uma Gestora (Chefe de Região) de São Bernardo do Campo, a fim de entender o olhar que o município tem hoje para a Creche. É importante ressaltar que o foco das entrevistas foi o trabalho desenvolvido pelo CP e que o trabalho investigativo junto aos demais profissionais envolvidos auxiliam na busca e obtenção de respostas para os questionamentos que levaram à construção deste trabalho. Os referenciais teóricos, desenvolvidos através da metodologia da Pesquisa de Natureza Bibliográfica e Documental para a revisão da literatura disponível sobre o tema, estão ancorados em Almeida e Placco (2002; 2010; 2011) que observam o papel do CP sob diversos aspectos; Day (1999) que discute os desafios fundamentais a serem considerados na formação; Fullan e Hargreaves (2002) que apresentam questionamentos sobre as estratégias formativas; Nóvoa (2009) ao investigar sobre a formação permanente dos professores; Perrenoud e Thurler (2002) que destacam novos paradigmas na formação dos professores; Vasconcellos (2009) que observa as articulações necessárias ao trabalho do CP; Campos et al (2011) que mostram a qualidade da Educação Infantil no país, entre outros. A análise dos conteúdos das entrevistas realizadas indica que a formação continuada avança gradativamente e, este mérito é dado, em grande parte, à formação que os gestores vêm recebendo e às parcerias produtivas que se estabelecem no processo, porém, os estudos e pesquisas teóricas apontam que muito ainda precisa ser feito e sinalizam mudanças imprescindíveis e que sejam capazes de impulsionar a formação a sair do tradicionalismo, tornando-se mais voltada à reflexão e humanização.

O CORPO NA FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: DO MECANICISMO A MOTRICIDADE HUMANA

A pesquisa tem como foco o estudo da formação docente em Educação Física, cujo objetivo foi verificar, na proposta da Motricidade Humana, a superação ou permanência do mecanicismo moderno. A pesquisa foi delineada por um levantamento bibliográfico e documental, contendo descrição, exploração e análises dos documentos oficiais do Conselho Nacional de Educação e do Ensino Superior. Foi realizado uma análise comparativa entre duas grades curriculares atuais de universidades federais com a grade de 1939,do primeiro curso de Educação Física. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram elaborados três capítulos. O primeiro capítulo introduz a temática do mecanicismo em dois momentos, inicialmente, apresenta a posição da fundamentação cartesiana do mecanicismo, que servirá para entender os impactos deste último na estruturação da área da Educação Física. O capítulo dois versou sobre a crise da Educação Física e a expansão da teoria da Motricidade Humana no seu interior que significou a primeira tentativa mais elaborada de superar o mecanicismo cartesiano da área. No terceiro capítulo é posto em destaque a questão da formação docente em Educação Física, retomando, primeiramente o período mecanicista, em segundo lugar a crise do modelo da década de 1980 e a superação pela motricidade Humana. Neste mesmo capítulo apreciamos os textos dos documentos oficiais e das Diretrizes, sempre com o intuito de examinar se houve ou não a superação do mecanicismo. A análise demonstrou que estes documentos absorveram após 1980 as ideias da teoria da Motricidade Humana. Entretanto, uma vez que no âmbito da pratica formativa prevalece a tendência mecanicista, fomos conduzidos a realizar a comparação de grades curriculares, que nos levam mais próximo da prática sem deixar a esfera da formação docente. Essa investida sobre as grades foi importante para mostrar a lacuna entre a absorção temática da Motricidade Humana nas Diretrizes e a prática docente. Para além de uma confrontação de teoria e prática notamos que as diretrizes dão a impressão de superar o mecanicismo na inclusão da temática da motricidade, enquanto que as grades mantém desde o seu alicerce os traços seculares do mecanicismo moderno. O que resulta em outras palavras, não obstante a concepção de superação do mecanicismo, a formação recebe formato com traços predominantemente mecanicista. Digamos agora o essencial: em todo esse movimento teórico prático de superação, retomada e repetição fomos guiados pela temática do corpo, que demonstra com veemência que o seu tratamento nas diferentes bases formativas ainda é mecanicista.(AU)

TRAJETÓRIA DE ALUNOS DO PROUNI NO CONTEXTO DA EXPANSÃO E DEMOCRATIZAÇÃO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL

Este trabalho buscou estudar o contexto da expansão e democratização do acesso ao ensino superior no Brasil, no período que coincide com a posse do primeiro Presidente eleito pelo voto direto, depois da Ditadura Militar, até 2007. Para isso analisamos, aos olhos de importantes autores brasileiros, a LBD, Lei de Diretrizes e Bases, o Plano Nacional de Educação, o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, o Financiamento Estudantil e o Programa Universidade para Todos. Especificamente, o estudo objetivou buscar respostas a duas questões: a distribuição de bolsas de estudo integral ou parcial tem garantido o acesso e permanência dos que adentram ao ensino superior por meio delas? Que estratégias os bolsistas desenvolvem para concluírem o curso? Para tanto, analisamos três narrativas autobiográficas de estudantes de um curso de pedagogia de uma universidade privada da Grande São Paulo. Os resultados indicaram que a distribuição de bolsas tem garantido o acesso e a permanência de estudantes, porém não dá conta de equacionar os problemas relacionados, especialmente, aos conteúdos curriculares não trabalhados anteriormente com as bolsistas, ao preconceito, à relação professor aluno e, sobretudo, ao desenvolvimento pleno dos princípios de cidadania legalmente adquiridos.

Municipal accountability: Should regulations similar to the Sarbanes -Oxley Act apply to the local sector?

As America moved into the 2lst century financial scandals associated with large publicly traded corporations brought widespread concern about the reliability of financial reporting. In response the U.S. Congress adopted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX). Undergirding SOX was the belief that improvements in the reliability of an organization's financial disclosures would lead to increased trust in the issuing organization. While SOX is aimed at publicly traded private sector organizations, the value of adopting SOX-like practices in the public and the nonprofit sectors have been recognized. Although SOX-like auditing practices have not at the time of this research become part of the auditing regime for municipalities, the results of this research provide a baseline "read" of municipal finance officers' perceptions of the value and obstacles associated with adoption of two major components of SOX: Principal Officer(s) Certification (POC) and the Independent Audit Committee (IAC) requirements. The author mailed surveys to all finance officers of municipalities in Florida and Ohio with populations of 10,000 or greater which did not contract out the operation of their finance departments. Post-survey "elite" interviews were conducted in an effort to obtain a deeper understanding of revealed issues and contradictions found in the analysis of the results of the mails survey. The findings suggest municipal finance officers are willing to adopt POC but have reservations about implementing IAC. With both POC and IAC the respondents appeared to consider intangible, non-pecuniary consequences as much or more than tangible, pecuniary consequences. Consistent with prior research, attitudes regarding POC and IAC were found to be unrelated to prior adoptive behavior, or personal and organizational demographic variables. Although accounting and auditing are inexorably intertwined, views of the recently implemented GASB 34 reporting model were found to be unrelated to the willingness to adopt POC or IAC. Findings dovetail with current discourse in public sector accounting suggesting local finance professionals may see benefits—both tangible and intangible—to some but not all accounting practices adopted in the private sector. This is consistent with the commonly accepted belief that public sector accounting maintains fundamental differences from its private counterpart.

Produção do mestrado profissional em ensino de ciências naturais e matemática da UFRN (física e química/2005-2012): papel dos documentos oficiais e características dos produtos educacionais

The importance of the Professionals Master in the field of science education is revealed by the recognition that they provide, to practicing teachers, in particular, training spaces for reflection and application of knowledge. This work appears in the context of the project "Research and training in teaching science and mathematics: a cutout of academic production in the northeast and overview of formative action in basic education" on the Centre for Education program, which main objective was to conduct studies description, analysis and evaluation of the academic production of Postgraduate Programs in Science Teaching of UFRPE, UFRN and UEPB and investigate the contribution of continuing education in stricto sensu level, of graduated teachers to improve the quality of basic education . We sought to examine a cut of academic production PPGECNM / UFRN, taking as reference dissertations of Natural Sciences, finished between the years 2005 and 2012, which have developed and applied educational products for high school students. More specifically we sought to conduct a general characterization of the dissertations analyzed for basic descriptors, to understand if and how the official documents governing the Brazilian education, especially science education, subsidized development of dissertations and identify current trends for science teaching are addressed and which ones are used in preparing the product of dissertations. The survey was based on documentary analysis, a type of qualitative approach in which the documents are objects of study in themselves. The results revealed that most of the work was developed in public schools, on subjects of physics and chemistry. During analytical reading of the text of the dissertations was observed that, in its construction, most of them addressed somehow, official documents governing the Brazilian educational system, that the products are basically teaching units and teaching approaches that are more focused on Experimentation and History and Philosophy of Science

Conselho estadual de meio ambiente do Rio Grande do Norte: paradigmas, proposições e atores sociais

The environmental movement rises up strongly in the year 1972 with the Stocolmus Conference, in the middle of pressions concerning the environmental preservation, in consequence of the environmental catastrophes. In spite of the fact that, in Brazil, the environmental movement has is institutionalization with the 1988 Constitution, in a way that the councils became democratic spaces, and provided the society’s participation in the management of public policies. In this way, we propose a discussion about the participation and the exercise of the citizenship in the State Council of Environment of Rio Grande do Norte (CONEMA), focusing the glance about the decisory process, as from the expression of the social actors. For that, our research compilate documents of the meetings of the referring council, transcribing the main discussions about the environmental necessities which were important in the potiguar society, and checking how these agents defend their interest during the meetings. We understand, with these informations, the role of CONEMA/RN as a communicative mechanism between State and Society. With the analysis of the informations of the extraordinary meetings from 2007 to 2014, we concluded that the CONEMA is a council where the civil organized society takes part on the decisory process, despite the great influence of the representative actors of public power over the representative actors of civil society. The results of this research confirm the discrepancy between the participation of representative councilors of civil society in CONEMA/RN. The conclusion point out that the civil society representative don’t, yet, assimilate the citizen duty, the responsibility of it1s action, producing, in this way, damages for the legal structure of the potiguar environmental legislation, with serious consequences on the public policy implementation

Avaliação de política pública: o ProInfo e sua gestão no município de Parnamirim (2009-2012)

The dissertation assesses aspects of the management of IT in Education Program (ProInfo), in the municipality of Parnamirim-RN. Checks as their management functions, with the following objectives: a) Examine whether the objectives of the activities related to teachers' program are being implemented according to the official documents, b) examine if there is a monitoring program activities as the activities of teachers c) Identify whether teachers develop activities and environments using the technological resources of the internet. The research brings a central issue: How ProInfo is subsidizing the activities of the teachers involved in the program to achieve their goals effectively? As a central hypothesis of this work, to be a general north to the research, we have: the ProInfo establishes a fragile and discontinuous link between the management of the activities of teachers and the goals that he sets. The hypothesis was validated by the analysis of data from field research, when we encounter a series of limiting aspects of program effectiveness at the municipal level. This research was undertaken with managers of state and municipal schools and teachers, using a sample of four schools Parnamirim-RN, in order to include some aspects of program management at the municipal level and effectiveness goals proposed, focusing on teachers who participated in the training. The methodological process consisted of literature review, interviews and documentary analysis carried to the organs responsible for ProInfo statewide (UNDIME/RN ) and municipal level, next to the Municipal Education Parnamirim-RN. Based on data collected from empirical field research, it was found that the ProInfo lacks periodic reviews by the governing bodies of the program, about the actions developed through appropriate instruments, which enable a more realistic view of the results of the program ex post (during or after deployment)

História para "ver" e entender o passado: cinema e livro didático no espaço escolar (2000-2008)

This study aims to diagnose and analyze the use of film in school space, more precisely, in the teaching of history, from the theoretical perspective of the German historian Jörn Rüsen and thus try to observe together with the assumptions of the Didactics of History elements such as public uses that are made for cinema history. In this sense, research propositions movies found in textbooks of history, paths to offer insights about the impacts caused by learning the historical film narrative, this being a learning also occurs in everyday life of students and not just in school space. For both, the textbooks present in Memorial do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), approved in the following editions PNLD/2005 and PNLD/2008 were used. To perform this diagnostic use, in addition to books, the Call Notices and Guides Textbook PNLD as a way to understand how to perform the theoretical and methodological discussions and recommendations about the potential of cinematic narrative for history lessons and these possible approaches to the theory of history.

Residência multiprofissional, desafios e compromissos na reorientação da formação para o SUS: um estudo na atenção primária

The Health Multiprofessional Residency Program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (PRMS/UFRN) adopts as guiding keystones the learning process of in-service teaching, the interdisciplinary multiprofessional work and the compliance with the principles and guidelines of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Although PRMS/UFRN have been idealized with a focus on hospital care, the training process in the insertion of residents in the Primary Health Care (PHC) has an important role because they need to experience all levels of care, taking into account that the educational process through work proposed by the Residence is based on the comprehensiveness of health care. In light of the foregoing, the present research has sought to elucidate the insertion of these residents in PHC services, through a qualitative approach of case study, where data collection was held in two different moments: firstly, a questionnaire was accomplished, through an semi-structured script, with the residents of PRMS/UFRN, Natal Campus; subsequently, the focus group technique was accomplished with a group of nine residents, and data were analyzed from the categorical thematic content analysis. From the process of empirical categorization, categories and subcategories were raised, among which, the positive aspects and potentialities of insertion of residents in PHC. We detected the articulation of actions for promoting, preventing and recovering health; training in comprehensiveness of health care, multiprofessional activities and activities aimed at doing the integration among teaching-service-community. Regarding the difficulties found in this experience, we dealt with the organization and planning of rotation activities, the preceptorship, the process of work found in the Basic Health Units (BHU), in addition to factors external to educational practice, such as the issue of safety within these communities. Accordingly, with this situational diagnosis, we became able to realize that residents have identified the importance of this rotation for their vocational training, since these are inserted in post-graduate programs in hospital care. As an immediate product of this study, we will present a report that will provide a space for discussion and assessment of this rotation by the coordination bodies of PRMS/UFRN, in order to seek organizational and pedagogical adaptations, besides the proposition of qualification courses for the actors involved with this process, aiming the implementation of improvements in the rotation of PHC toward the qualified training of professionals for SUS.

A atuação dos núcleos de apoio às pessoas com necessidades educacionais especiais no IFRN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reality of the Service Centers for People with Special Educational Needs (NAPNEs) implanted at Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) through a Professional Education Program in Technology for People with Special Educational Needs (TEC NEP Program). To reach the proposal we opted for an exploratory research with a qualitative approach characterized as a field of study. Data were obtained from questionnaires answered by thirteen (13) NAPNEs coordinators of different IFRN campuses and examined using content analysis. The survey results show that the creation of the TEC NEP program was an important step for inclusion policies in IFRN. However, difficulties were also identified by participants as coordinators: lack of physical infrastructure, human and material resources and financial matters, among others, as barriers to implementation and performance of NAPNEs. Keywords: TEC NEP Program, Professional Education, Inclusion, People with disabilities.

From Where Do We Teach? Potential Positions in Public Education

This thesis is a conceptual examination of the positions from which we teach in public education. As it is philosophical in nature, it takes no qualitative or quantitative data. It offers a review of selected relevant literature and an analysis of personal and professional experience, with the intent to pose critical questions about teaching and learning. The framework of this thesis represents the following contentions: First, from its inception, public schooling served capital by preparing skilled labour for emerging industrial markets. This history is the hegemonic shadow that hangs over public education today. Second, movements toward the standardization of funding, curriculum, and evaluation support the further commodification of public schooling. The “accountability��� that standardization offers, the “back to basics” that it aims for, is counter to the potential that public education might critically inform citizens and seek social justice. Third, movements toward the privatization of public schooling under the guise of “choice” and “mobility”, brought on by manufactured crisis, serve only to widen socio-economic inequities as capitalist neoliberal interests seek profit in both the product of public schools and in schooling itself. If we recognize and understand the power of public education to inform vast numbers of citizens who will, in turn, either maintain or reform society, we must ask: What do we want public education to be? What are the effects of continuing down historically conventional and increasingly standardized paths? What do progressive pedagogies offer? How might teachers destandardize their pedagogy and pursue equitable opportunities for marginalized students? How might students name themselves and their world, that they might play a part in its reimagining? For whom do we teach, and under what conditions? From where do we teach, and why? For educators to ask these questions, and to employ what they discover, will necessitate taking substantial risks. It will necessitate taking a stand and cannot be done alone. Teachers must seek out the collaboration of their students. They must offer students the time and the space to find their own voices, to create their own selves, and to envision previously uncharted paths on which we might walk together.