998 resultados para Projecto 12-15
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1900/12/15 (N1770,A17).
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As espécies Ipomoea grandifolia, I. nil e Merremia aegyptia tornaram-se importantes infestantes em diferentes sistemas de cultivo, causando problemas principalmente na colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o comportamento germinativo dessas espécies em diferentes condições de temperatura (15, 20, 25, 30 e 35 ºC), luz (presença e ausência) e profundidade de semeadura (0; 0,5; 1; 5; 10; 12; 15; e 20 cm) em solos com diferentes texturas. Os resultados evidenciaram que as espécies apresentaram maior germinação na faixa de temperatura entre 20 e 25 ºC. Houve maior capacidade de germinação quando elas foram submetidas à ausência de luz. Entre as espécies estudadas, I. grandifolia apresentou maior capacidade de germinar em maiores profundidades no solo arenoso. No solo argiloso, as espécies de Ipomoea spp. avaliadas apresentaram maior germinação na superfície. M. aegyptia germinou melhor na superfície do solo arenoso comparado ao argiloso, porém apresentou melhor capacidade de germinação em maiores profundidades no solo argiloso em relação às demais espécies avaliadas.
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1902/12/15 (N9367,A25).
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Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a cobertura do solo e o efeito supressivo sobre plantas daninhas utilizando plantas de cobertura, em diferentes densidades de semeadura. Os experimentos foram instalados em Votuporanga-SP e Selvíria-MS, em março de 2008, após o preparo convencional do solo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, onde as plantas de cobertura com diferentes densidades de semeadura constituíram os tratamentos: Sorghum bicolor : 6, 7 e 8 kg ha-1; Pennisetum americanum: 10, 15 e 20 kg ha-1; Sorghum sudanense: 12, 15 e 18 kg ha-1; híbrido de S. bicolor com S. sudanense: 8, 9 e 10 kg ha-1; Urochloa ruziziensis: 8, 12 e 16 kg ha-1; e um tratamento controle com vegetação espontânea. Após o manejo das coberturas, foi semeada a soja. Avaliou-se a biomassa seca e densidade das plantas daninhas no momento do corte/colheita das plantas de cobertura. Em Votuporanga, também foi feita uma avaliação das plantas daninhas aos 35 dias após a semeadura da soja. A cobertura do solo proporcionada pelas coberturas foi avaliada no momento da dessecação e no florescimento da cultura da soja. Concluiu-se que U. ruziziensis e S. sudanense reduziram a infestação das plantas daninhas em mais de 90% e mantiveram a cobertura do solo superior a 80% até o florescimento da cultura da soja.
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ABSTRACT Understanding the mechanisms involved in releasing seed dormancy is crucial for effective plant management and renewal of species in the arid zone. Zaleya pentandra is an emerging invasive weed of the arid areas of Pakistan. We investigated the effects of different dormancy breaking treatments on the germination of Z. pentandra seeds. Seeds were treated with hot water (by placing them in boiling water for 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min), dry heat (by placing them in a preheated oven at 70 oC for 1, 2, and 4 hours; at 70 oC for 1, 2, 3, and 4 days, and at 200 oC for 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 min) and stratification (by placing them at 2-5 ºC in a refrigerator for 5, 10, 30, and 60 min; for 3, 6, and 12 hours, and for 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, and 30 days). Seeds also were soaked in thiourea ([(NH2)2CS] (0, 2,500, 5,000, 7,500, and 10,000 mg L-1 for 24 h at 30 oC) and in KNO3 (0, 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, 40,000, 50,000, and 60,000 mg L-1 for 24 h at 30 oC). Additionally, seeds were scarified with HCl (for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 h), HNO3 (for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 h), and H2SO4 (for 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 min at 30 oC) and also mechanically scarified with sandpaper. Zaleya pentandra seeds showed typical signs of hard seed coat dormancy. Mechanical scarification and acid treatments promoted seed germination to a varying degree. Seed scarification with HNO3 for 12 to 18 h as well as with HCl for 12 h and 15 h was efficient in breaking dormancy of Z. pentandra seeds, providing germination up to 92.5%. Seed scarification with H2SO4 from 20 to 120 min showed little effect, whereas hot water, dry heat, stratification and various concentrations of thiourea and KNO3 were ineffective in breaking Z. pentandra seed dormancy.
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1919/12/15 (N15480,A43).
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1908/12/15 (N11559,A31).
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1927/12/15 (N18391,A60).
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1889/12/15 (N340).
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1883/12/15 (N2429).
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1912/12/15 (N13020,A35).
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1920/12/15 (N15845,A44).
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1925/12/15 (A51,N17665).
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Mother-pup interaction, as well as other behavioral reactions were studied during the lactation period in 24 litters of Wistar rats and their dams fed either a 16% (control - C; 12 litters) or a 6% (malnourished - M; 12 litters) protein diet. The diets were isocaloric. Throughout lactation there was a 36.4% weight loss of M dams and a 63% body weight deficit in the M pups when compared to control pups. During this period, half of the litters were exposed daily to additional tactile stimulation (CS or MS), while the other half were submitted to normal rearing conditions (CN or MN). The tactile stimulation of pups (handling) consisted of holding the animal in one hand and gently touching the dorsal part of the animal's body with the fingers for 3 min. A special camera and a time-lapse video were used to record litter behavior in their home cages. Starting at 6 p.m. and ending at 6 a.m., on days 3, 6, 12, 15, 18 and 21 of lactation, photos were taken at 4-s intervals. An increase in the frequency (154.88 ± 16.19) and duration (455.86 ± 18.05 min) of suckling was observed throughout the lactation period in all groups compared to birth day (frequency 24.88 ± 2.37 and duration 376.76 ± 21.01 min), but the frequency was higher in the C (84.96 ± 8.52) than in the M group (43.13 ± 4.37); however, the M group (470.2 ± 11.87 min) spent more time suckling as compared with the C group (393.67 ± 13.09 min). The M dams showed a decreased frequency of resting position throughout the lactation period (6.5 ± 2.48) compared to birth day (25.42 ± 7.74). Pups from the C group were more frequently observed separated (73.02 ± 4.38) and interacting (258.99 ± 20.61) more with their mothers than the M pups (separated 66.94 ± 5.5 and interacting 165.72 ± 12.05). Tactile stimulation did not interact with diet condition, showing that the kind of stimulation used in the present study did not lead to recovery from the changes induced by protein malnutrition. The changes in mother-pup interaction produced by protein malnutrition of both may represent retardation in neuromotor development and a higher dependence of the pups on their mothers. These changes may represent an important means of energy saving and heat maintenance in malnourished pups.
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The most common reason for a low-voltage induction motor breakdown is a bearing failure. Along with the increasing popularity of modern frequency converters, bearing failures have become the most important motor fault type. Conditions in which bearing currents are likely to occur are generated as a side effect of fast du/dt switching transients. Once present, different types of bearing currents can accelerate the mechanical wear of bearings by causing deformation of metal parts in the bearing and degradation of the lubricating oil properties.The bearing current phenomena are well known, and several bearing current measurement and mitigation methods have been proposed. Nevertheless, in order to develop more feasible methods to measure and mitigate bearing currents, better knowledge of the phenomena is required. When mechanical wear is caused by bearing currents, the resulting aging impact has to be monitored and dealt with. Moreover, because of the stepwise aging mechanism, periodically executed condition monitoring measurements have been found ineffective. Thus, there is a need for feasible bearing current measurement methods that can be applied in parallel with the normal operation of series production drive systems. In order to reach the objectives of feasibility and applicability, nonintrusive measurement methods are preferred. In this doctoral dissertation, the characteristics and conditions of bearings that are related to the occurrence of different kinds of bearing currents are studied. Further, the study introduces some nonintrusive radio-frequency-signal-based approaches to detect and measure parameters that are associated with the accelerated bearing wear caused by bearing currents.
