Reading performance in children with visual function anomalies

Aims - To compare reading performance in children with and without visual function anomalies and identify the influence of abnormal visual function and other variables in reading ability. Methods - A cross-sectional study was carried in 110 children of school age (6-11 years) with Abnormal Visual Function (AVF) and 562 children with Normal Visual Function (NVF). An orthoptic assessment (visual acuity, ocular alignment, near point of convergence and accommodation, stereopsis and vergences) and autorefraction was carried out. Oral reading was analyzed (list of 34 words). Number of errors, accuracy (percentage of success) and reading speed (words per minute - wpm) were used as reading indicators. Sociodemographic information from parents (n=670) and teachers (n=34) was obtained. Results - Children with AVF had a higher number of errors (AVF=3.00 errors; NVF=1.00 errors; p<0.001), a lower accuracy (AVF=91.18%; NVF=97.06%; p<0.001) and reading speed (AVF=24.71 wpm; NVF=27.39 wpm; p=0.007). Reading speed in the 3rd school grade was not statistically different between the two groups (AVF=31.41 wpm; NVF=32.54 wpm; p=0.113). Children with uncorrected hyperopia (p=0.003) and astigmatism (p=0.019) had worst reading performance. Children in 2nd, 3rd, or 4th grades presented a lower risk of having reading impairment when compared with the 1st grade. Conclusion - Children with AVF had reading impairment in the first school grade. It seems that reading abilities have a wide variation and this disparity lessens in older children. The slow reading characteristics of the children with AVF are similar to dyslexic children, which suggest the need for an eye evaluation before classifying the children as dyslexic.

Cuestiones existenciales en la esquizofrenia: percepción de portadores y cuidadores

OBJETIVO: Examinar los temas y cuestiones existenciales del cotidiano de personas con esquizofrenia y de sus cuidadores. MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo con grupos focales. Fueron incluidos 146 sujetos con esquizofrenia (55% hombres) y 80 cuidadores (75% mujeres) que provenían de servicios primarios y secundarios de salud de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, España, Inglaterra y Venezuela. Cada grupo tenía de 6 a 10 participantes. Los datos fueron explorados por el proceso de análisis de contenido. RESULTADOS: Fueron identificadas cuatro cuestiones existenciales omnipresentes en los discursos: la necesidad de realización como persona y de encontrar un sentido en la vida; la necesidad de ser respetado y no sufrir discriminación; el conflicto decurrente de la pérdida de autonomía; la importancia de comprender la enfermedad y de reconocerse como enfermo. Las cuestiones existenciales aparecieron fuertemente conectadas a necesidades objetivas, como la falta de ocupación y trabajo, que generalmente resultan en una vida sin propósito y sentido. CONCLUSIONES: Hace falta desarrollar un nuevo tipo de cuidado en salud, en que la consideración por la persona con esquizofrenia y la valoración de su subjetividad sean tan importantes cuanto el tratamiento biológico, así como crear estrategias de promoción de la salud que comprendan mecanismos de inclusión laboral y combato al estigma.

Condições de vida de portadores de transtornos psicóticos vivendo em cortiços em Santos, SP

OBJETIVO: Descrever condições de vida e sociabilidade de portadores de transtornos mentais graves moradores de cortiços. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo com moradores adultos de cortiços da região central de Santos, SP, realizado em 2004-2006. Foram realizadas observações etnográficas em quatro cortiços e entrevistas semi-estruturadas em profundidade com oito mulheres que conviviam com portadores de transtornos psicóticos. A forma de análise empregada foi a qualitativa fundamentada na Antropologia. ANÁLISE DOS RESULTADOS: Os cortiços apresentaram características específicas quanto à sociabilidade. As dificuldades com os pacientes psicóticos decorriam da quebra mínima das regras mínimas. Em um dos cortiços, uma moradora agia como cuidadora dos pacientes e mantinha contato próximo com o serviço de saúde. Apesar do convívio cotidiano com os portadores, as participantes não possuíam informações sobre o transtorno e os consideravam loucos, nervosos ou mentalmente fracos. Acreditavam que deveriam morar em outro local que não o cortiço. CONCLUSÕES: A população moradora de cortiços não trata os portadores de transtorno psicótico de forma diferente da população geral, devido a desconhecimento, discriminação e estigma. As condições de vida são precárias para todos e não são diferentes para os moradores portadores de transtorno psicótico, exceto para aqueles que residiam na moradia coletiva com maior número de pacientes, organizada em função deles e dependente economicamente de seus benefícios.

Longe da vista, longe do coração: o design como “âncora” visual e elemento agregador da atividade museológica

To become an open to outer space, the "museum" acquired new forms and new expressions. The complexity of museological activity thus leads to new representations that alter the initial image of the museum as a building with objects. Their 'boundaries' are now less sharp, not only in relation to the spatial relationship, but also to its temporal dimension, creating an additional challenge which is the recognition of the museum itself. The design, while transdisciplinary activity, thereby assumes a key role in the communication of the museums in its visual representation and recognition of their action. The present study results from a survey conducted in 2010 to 364 Portuguese museums (from a universe of 849 museums), presenting an analysis to its base elements of visual expression of identity (name, logo, symbol, and color).

Effects of emotional valence and three-dimensionality of visual stimuli on brain activation: an fMRI study

BACKGROUND: Examining changes in brain activation linked with emotion-inducing stimuli is essential to the study of emotions. Due to the ecological potential of techniques such as virtual reality (VR), inspection of whether brain activation in response to emotional stimuli can be modulated by the three-dimensional (3D) properties of the images is important. OBJECTIVE: The current study sought to test whether the activation of brain areas involved in the emotional processing of scenarios of different valences can be modulated by 3D. Therefore, the focus was made on the interaction effect between emotion-inducing stimuli of different emotional valences (pleasant, unpleasant and neutral valences) and visualization types (2D, 3D). However, main effects were also analyzed.METHODS: The effect of emotional valence and visualization types and their interaction were analyzed through a 3x2 repeated measures ANOVA. Post-hoc t-tests were performed under a ROI-analysis approach. RESULTS: The results show increased brain activation for the 3D affective-inducing stimuli in comparison with the same stimuli in 2D scenarios, mostly in cortical and subcortical regions that are related to emotional processing, in addition to visual processing regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study has the potential of clarify brain mechanisms involved in the processing of emotional stimuli (scenarios’ valence) and their interaction with three-dimensionality.

Modelo do pensamento visual-espacial: transformações geométricas no início da escolaridade

Tese de doutoramento em Ciênicas da Educação: especialidade de Teoria Curricular e Ensino das Ciências

A educação visual do ensino básico: os professores em início de carreira e a orientação dada ao programa

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Educação: área de Educação e Desenvolvimento

Gestão da identidade visual corporativa nos meios digitais: o caso RTP

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Gestão Estratégica das Relações Públicas.

Estrabismo, acuidade visual e erro refrativo não corrigido na criança em idade escolar

Preventable visual loss in children is an important public health problem. The critical period of susceptibility to deprivation or abnormal visual experience has been identified since the early 1970s. Preventable visual loss caused by amblyopia (0.3%–4%) and its risk factors such as strabismus (2.1%–4.6%) and uncorrected refractive errors (5%–7.7%) represent an important public health problem. Thus the primary justification for preschool vision screening is the detection of amblyopia or amblyogenic refractive, strabismic, or ocular disease conditions. However in Portugal there has been little investigation regarding prevalence of visual anomalies among school-age children. Data on the prevalence are lacking but are needed for planning vision services. Aims: 1) Determine the prevalence of strabismus; 2) Determine the prevalence of decreased visual acuity; 3) Determine the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error.

Efeito de filtros ópticos na função visual de espeleologistas

Speleologist’s perform their activity in demanding visual conditions of very low luminance - many visual tasks involve resolution of detail under conditions of low contrast. Work related conditions in a cave as exposure to heat, chemicals, dust and poor lighting conditions could influence the integrity of the visual system and predispose the eye to diseases that eventually affect vision. Poor lighting conditions cause a variety of symptoms of visual discomfort and may increase the risk of accidents. Good visual acuity is crucial for several and has an important role for safety purposes. The aim of this study was to evaluate lighting conditions and optical filters effects on visual performance in speleologists exposed to cave environments.

Dynamic peripheral visual performance relates to alpha activity in soccer players

Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between the alpha activity and the central visual ability, in which the visual ability is usually assessed through static stimuli. Besides static circumstance, however in the real environment there are often dynamic changes and the peripheral visual ability in a dynamic environment (i.e., dynamic peripheral visual ability) is important for all people. So far, no work has reported whether there is a relationship between the dynamic peripheral visual ability and the alpha activity. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate their relationship. Sixty-two soccer players performed a newly designed peripheral vision task in which the visual stimuli were dynamic, while their EEG signals were recorded from Cz, O1, and O2 locations. The relationship between the dynamic peripheral visual performance and the alpha activity was examined by the percentage-bend correlation test. The results indicated no significant correlation between the dynamic peripheral visual performance and the alpha amplitudes in the eyes-open and eyes-closed resting condition. However, it was not the case for the alpha activity during the peripheral vision task: the dynamic peripheral visual performance showed significant positive inter-individual correlations with the amplitudes in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) and the individual alpha band (IAB) during the peripheral vision task. A potential application of this finding is to improve the dynamic peripheral visual performance by up-regulating alpha activity using neuromodulation techniques.

Psoríase: o impacto da doença no dia-a-dia dos portadores

Mestrado em Fisioterapia

Visual functional analysis in medical imaging

Aims of study: 1) Describe the importance of human visual system on lesion detection in medical imaging perception research; 2) Discuss the relevance of research in medical imaging addressing visual function analysis; 3) Identify visual function tests which could be conducted on observers prior to participation in medical imaging perception research.

Retinopatia diabética: a importância do rastreio

A Diabetes Mellitus (DM) apresenta elevados níveis de glicémia, associados ao descontrolo metabólico de hidratos de carbono, lípidos e proteínas, resultando em deficiência da secreção de insulina, provocando surgimento de patologias, nomeadamente visuais, como a Retinopatia Diabética (RD), caracterizada por alterações graduais e progressivas na microcirculação retiniana. Para prevenção, devem ser realizados rastreios oculares regulares e conhecerem-se sinais e sintomas, factores de risco e o tratamento para minimizar danos irreversíveis, como baixa visão ou cegueira. Objectivos: Caracterizar a DM e a RD, os factores de risco e os sintomas. Abordar os exames a efectuar e a importância da realização de rastreios visuais.

Estudos epidemiológicos entre grupos indígenas de Rondônia: I— Piodermites e portadores inaparentes de Staphylococcus sp. na boca e nariz entre os Suruí e Karitiana

Foram realizadas culturas bacteriológicas a partir de material colhido na boca e nariz entre 38 pacientes indígenas Suruí e 58 Karitiana, no Estado de Rondônia. Entre os Suruí, foi isolado S. aureus em 10 (26,3%) indivíduos e S. epidermidis em 25 (65,8%). Na população Karitiana, S. aureus foi isolado em 21 (36,2%) pacientes e S. epidermidis em 42 (72,4%). Testes de sensibilidade as drogas foram realizados com todas as cepas de S. aureus isoladas. É discutido o papel de portadores inaparentes desta bactéria nas cavidades oral e nasal, assim como alguns aspectos relacionados à sua transmissão e prevalência de piodermites entre populações indígenas.