Política e Cultura: As Revoltas dos Engenhos (1822), de Achada Falcão (1841)e de Ribeirão Manuel (1910).

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre três revoltas dos rendeiros na ilha de Santiago em Cabo Verde, entre os anos de 1822 a 1910. Propõe mostrar a especificidade das revoltas dos Engenhos (1822), de Achada Falcão (1841) e de Ribeirão Manuel (1910), compreendendo além do panorama cultural, a importância das confrontações políticas, como elementos condicionadores dessas revoltas. Por outro lado, propõe demonstrar que além das causas econômicas e culturais apontadas pela historiografia, as revoltas foram buscar sua inspiração nas disputas políticas. Propõe ainda demonstrar como as elites políticas locais apropriaram das festas religiosas para mobilizar os rendeiros do interior da ilha de Santiago. Além disso, analisa como as revoltas dos rendeiros devem ser compreendidas a partir das reivindicações pelo livre acesso às terras cultivadas.

Bulletin des lois des justices de paix, recueil chronologique des édits, décrets, arrêtés, lois, ordonnances... depuis 1563 jusqu'en 1852, annotés et expliqués par M. J.-L. Jay,.... Tome 1

[Loi (Recueil). 1563-1852]

Bulletin des lois des justices de paix, recueil chronologique des édits, décrets, arrêtés, lois, ordonnances... depuis 1563 jusqu'en 1852, annotés et expliqués par M. J.-L. Jay,.... Tome 2

[Loi (Recueil). 1563-1852]

Notas sobre a socialidade e a biologia de nidificação de Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) asuncicola Strand, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae)

Twenty-two nests of Trypoxylon asuncicola were sampled in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in January 2000 and the occupants' behavior of three nests was registered in 2h of direct observation. 528 brood cells were excavated (24±13.84 SD cells per nest), 129 were reused cells, some of them for seven times (meconium deposit count). The mean number of total cells, mean number of open and closed cells, parasitism rate and mean number of reused cells per nest were similar between old and new nests. Parasitism rate and cell reuse were associated with the number of building cells in the nest, but nest aggregate in the sampled area may play some role in the parasitism rate. Brachymeria sp. (Chalcididae) was the most important agent of brood mortality (80%). Other parasites were Melittobia sp. (Eulophidae) (17%) and a species of Icheumonidae (3%). The number of closed cells with immature individuals per nest was 4±4.2SD (N=17) and the mean reproductivity per female was 3±2.4SD (N=5). New nests produced more offspring (0 a 35%) than old nests (0 to 11%). Females and males can be found resting in the nest but copula or guarding behavior by the male was not observed. There is some evidence that in the sampled area the switch of nests by females is great and agonistic behavior between a nest owner and a visitor was not evident. Females were larger (3.9±0.4SD mm) than males (3.1±0.3SD mm) (measured as forewing length). The secondary sex ratio was 1.26 (±0.07 SE) in favor of females, which was not different from 1:1 ratio. The majority (97%) of the sampled larvae of T. asuncicola showed diapause. Some (5.1%) 'anomalous cells' were found.

Tabela de vida de fertilidade de Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae) em Schizaphis graminum (Rondani, 1852) (Hemipera, Aphididae)

Life table analyses have been developed to understanding the impact of various sources of intrinsic and extrinsic mortalities on the rate of population growth. The understanding of the population increase of the parasitoids related to their hosts is important in biological control programs. This work had as objective to evaluate the survival and fertility of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) on Schizaphis graminum (Rondani, 1852) as a host under fertility life table. The experiment were carried out in a climatic chamber at 25 ± 1ºC, RH 60 ± 10% and 10h photophase. To determine the immature mortality, the development time and the sex ratio of the parasitoid, 12 females of the parasitoid (less than one day old) and 240 nymphs of S. graminum (3 days old) were used. To evaluate the longevity and fertility of L. testaceipes, 15 females (less than one day old) were used. Nymphs of S. graminum (3 days old) were offered for each parasitoid female daily, until the female died, being in the 1st day - 300 nymphs; 2nd day - 250 nymphs; 3rd day - 200 nymphs; 4th day - 150 and in the other days a number of 50 nymphs. L. testaceipes had an immature mortality of 22,2%, and a development time of males and females of 9.0 and 9.1 days, respectively. The females of L. testaceipes laid, in it first life day, 257.8 eggs, and they survived up until seven days. The net reproduction rate (Ro) and the intrinsic rate of increase (r m) were respectively, 301.9 and 0.513. The finite rate of increase (l) was 1.67 females per day, the mean length of a generation (T) was 11.13 days and the time to duplicate the population (TD) was 1.35 weeks. The parasitoid L. testaceipes have a high potential of population growth on S. graminum as a host under the analyzed conditions.

Nova espécie e sinonímia em Braderochus Buquet, 1852 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae)

Braderochus hovorei sp. nov. proveniente da Colômbia (Boyacá) é descrita e figurada. Nova sinonímia: B. shuteae Bleuzen, 1994 = B. dentipes (Chemsak, 1979) comb. nov.

Analysis of past and future dam formation and failure in the Santa Cruz River (San Juan province, Argentina)

Around 11.5 * 106 m3 of rock detached from the eastern slope of the Santa Cruz valley (San Juan province, Argentina) in the first fortnight of January 2005. The rockslide?debris avalanche blocked the course, resulting in the development of a lake with maximum length of around 3.5 km. The increase in the inflow rate from 47,000?74,000 m3/d between April and October to 304,000 m3/d between late October and the first fortnight of November, accelerated the growing rate of the lake. On 12 November 2005 the dam failed, releasing 24.6 * 106 m3 of water. The resulting outburst flood caused damages mainly on infrastructure, and affected the facilities of a hydropower dam which was under construction 250 km downstream from the source area. In this work we describe causes and consequences of the natural dam formation and failure, and we dynamically model the 2005 rockslide?debris avalanche with DAN3D. Additionally, as a volume ~ 24 * 106 m3of rocks still remain unstable in the slope, we use the results of the back analysis to forecast the formation of a future natural dam. We analyzed two potential scenarios: a partial slope failure of 6.5 * 106 m3 and a worst case where all the unstable volume remaining in the slope fails. The spreading of those potential events shows that a new blockage of the Santa Cruz River is likely to occur. According to their modeled morphometry and the contributing watershed upstream the blockage area, as the one of 2005, the dams would also be unstable. This study shows the importance of back and forward analysis that can be carried out to obtain critical information for land use planning, hazards mitigation, and emergency management.

The hotel industry and its importance in the technical and economic development of a region : the Lake Geneva case (1852-1914)

The historiography dedicated to tourism has emphasised how some socio-economic evolutions such as urbanisation, mechanisation of transport or the advent of leisure time in society have supported pleasure trips and therefore the development of the hotel industry. On the contrary, the research has too often neglected or at least minimised the impact of the hotel sector on a region's development. This contribution seeks to fill this gap by analysing the Geneva Lake region, one of the most important birthplaces of the European tourism. In this space not much touched by the first industrial revolution, the hotel business has in fact played the role of an economic motor, stimulating investment and employment. This dynamism provoked a domino effect on several other sectors of the economy (industry, bulding sector, banking). To please their customers, the hoteliers have not only given impulses on housing modernisation, but also to the revitalisation of transport, energy and communication networks. The necessity to remain on the state-of-the-art of technical issues, with the concern of competitiveness, has called forth an acceleration of the technology transfer and stimulated the constitution of technical know-how.

El alimento de la anchoveta engraulis ringens J. en un área de afloramiento (San Juan)

Información sobre la variación en la predominancia del tipo de alimento ingerido por la anchoveta Engraulis ringens J. colectadas en un área de afloramiento (San Juan 15º-16º L.S.). El material consta de 13 muestras obtenidas desde noviembre de 1973 a setiembre de 1974.

Representações de Cabo Verde e dos Cabo-verdianos: 1890-1910

O nosso objectivo consiste em analisar como, no período que vai do Ultimatum britânico de 1890 à implantação de I República em Portugal (1910), se representavam o arquipélago de Cabo Verde e a sua sociedade, partindo do princípio que quem representava eram sobretudo os colonos portugueses e, por outro lado, de como os próprios cabo-verdianos se auto-representavam. Para a representação tanto do espaço como da sociedade em si, tivemos em linha de conta um conjunto de questões sociais, geográficas e territoriais, que nos permitiu, de uma forma clara, caracterizar e descrever quer o espaço, quer a sociedade cabo-verdiana no período estudado. Neste sentido e atendendo à nossa finalidade, dividimos o trabalho em três capítulos; No primeiro, analisámos a sociedade cabo-verdiana da época e de maneira a perceber de que sociedade se está a falar, caracterizando-a do ponto de vista social, cultural e religiosa; No segundo, abordamos a questão da identidade cultural, o que nos permitiu descrever a sua representação e o sentimento de pertença da sociedade caboverdiana; Finalmente, no terceiro e último capítulo, caracterizámos o espaço, falando da identidade geográfica propriamente dita, concluindo como se representava Cabo Verde – província/colónia ou África.