999 resultados para Oran Batalla de 1732
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Rfrence bibliographique : Rol, 58155
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Rfrence bibliographique : Rol, 58157
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School-Based Sealant Program by the Department of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention.
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Knowledge of the relative importance of genetics and behavioural copying is crucial to appraise the evolvability of behavioural consistencies. Yet, genetic and non-genetic factors are often deeply intertwined, and experiments are required to address this issue. We investigated the sources of variation of adult antipredator behaviour in the Alpine swift (Apus melba) by making use of long-term behavioural observations on parents and cross-fostered offspring. By applying an 'animal model' approach to observational data, we show that antipredator behaviour of adult Alpine swifts was significantly repeatable over lifetime (r = 0.273) and heritable (h(2) = 0.146). Regression models also show that antipredator behaviours differed between colonies and sexes (females were more tame), and varied with the hour and year of capture. By applying a parent-offspring regression approach to 59 offspring that were exchanged as eggs or hatchlings between pairs of nests, we demonstrate that offspring behaved like their biological parents rather than like their foster parents when they were adults themselves. Those findings provide strong evidence that antipredator behaviour of adult Alpine swifts is shaped by genetics and/or pre-hatching maternal effects taking place at conception but not by behavioural copying.
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Hi ha records que perduraran sempre; el gol dIniesta contra el Chelsea, la boleia de Zidane a Hampden Park Aquests moments memorables que queden gravats a les retines de tots nosaltres i produeixen una immensa felicitat a lsser hum, que lemocionen, que el fan casi plorar. Tot aix es produeix grcies a un esport de masses molt present en les nostres vides, el futbol. Una activitat merament esportiva que sha convertit, amb el pas dels anys, en quelcom ms que un esport, ha travessat lmbit purament sentimental duna regi fins a assolir nivells dautntica globalitzaci arreu del mn. I s precisament el fet que el futbol porta una immensa passi a tots els racons de la societat, el que fa plantejar-nos el funcionament daquesta gran indstria de lentreteniment.La realitat, tanmateix, revela lexistncia de tot un mn econmico-empresarial que samaga darrere aquest espectacle, del qual, els veritables protagonistes sn els clubs de futbol. Sense ells no es produiria mai lespectacle. s per aquest motiu, que centrarem el nostre anlisi sobre aquestes entitats esportives: veure el seu funcionament en la seva vessant ms econmica (1).En el present estudi sanalitzar tot el funcionament intern dun club, des del seu marc legal fins a leconmic, parant molta atenci en el que s el mercat futbolstic, el qual, al cap i a la fi, acaba relacionant la part ms esportiva amb lempresarial. A partir daqu intentarem extrapolar aquest entramat al que s el mn futbolstic en general.Amb aix, intentarem qestionar-nos el perqu del gran moviment de divises existent, actualment, en aquest esport. Com pot ser que un club inverteixi ms de 30 milions deuros (2) noms en el que seria contractar un nou treballador? Com es podengenerar tants recursos per desprs gastar-los en nmines astronmiques pels jugadors?Doncs aquest seguit de qestions es el que pretenem respondre en aquest treball, de la forma ms amena i clara possible, amb els grfics i taules ms adients.(1) Com que de clubs de futbol nhi ha molts i no els podem analitzar tots un per un, partirem de la basedagafar-ne un com a model, en aquest cas, per la seva proximitat i facilitat dobtenci de dades hemescollit el FC Barcelona.(2) Quantitat que equival, ni ms ni menys, a 500 vegades el sou dun treballador mitj al llarg de tota la seva vida
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AIMS: We sought to evaluate the utility of contrast-enhanced coronary magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) for selective visualization and non-invasive differentiation of atherosclerotic coronary plaque in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS: Nine patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) as confirmed by X-ray angiography and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) were studied by T1-weighted black blood inversion recovery coronary MRI before (N-IR) and after administration of Gd-DTPA (CE-IR). Plaques were categorized as calcified, non-calcified, and mixed based on their Hounsfield number derived from MDCT. With MDCT, a total of 29 plaques were identified, including calcified (n=6), non-calcified (n=6), and mixed calcified/non-calcified (n=17). On N-IR MRI, 26 plaques (90%) were dark, whereas three plaques (two non-calcified and one mixed) appeared bright. On CE-MRI, 13/29 (45%) plaques, 11 of which were mixed, one non-calcified, and one calcified showed contrast uptake. All others remained dark. CONCLUSION: In this preliminary study, we demonstrate the potential utility of CE-IR MRI for selective plaque visualization and differentiation of plaque types. The observed contrast uptake may be associated with endothelial dysfunction, neovascularization, inflammation, and/or fibrosis.
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A gua o constituinte mais caracterstico da terra; ingrediente essencial vida, a gua o recurso mais precioso que a terra fornece Humanidade. Vivemos num planeta de gua, j que cerca de 70% da sua superfcie est coberta por uma camada de gua. Cerca de 97% da gua est concentrada nos oceanos e menos de 3% est em terra, e a maior parte desta sob a forma de gelo e neve ou abaixo da superfcie (guas subterrneas). Apenas cerca de 1% de toda gua est directamente disponvel ao Homem e aos outros organismos, sob a forma de rios, lagos ou como humidade presente no solo, na atmosfera e como componente dos mais diversos organismos. Normalmente a gua surge no estado liquido, mas facilmente se solidifica ou passa para o estado gasoso. Ela consiste numa combinao de oxignio e hidrognio, cuja frmula dada por H2O. A gua a maior componente do volume das plantas e animais, incluindo os humanos. Estes esto compostos de aproximadamente 65% de gua. O sangue contm aproximadamente entre 80 e 90% de gua, e os msculos so compostos de, aproximadamente, 75% de gua. Para manter o corpo funcionando necessitamos de 2,6 a 2,8 litros de gua diariamente. Ainda que a uma pessoa lhe bastaria para subsistir 3,75 litros de gua ao dia para beber, cozinhar e lavar, isto raramente ocorre. Alm de entrar na constituio dos tecidos, a gua o dissolvente que transporta as substncias no aproveitadas pelo organismo. A falta de gua provoca a debilidade ou at a morte dos seres vivos. O homem necessita ingerir lquido numa quantidade diria de dois a quatro litros. Pode sobreviver 50 dias sem comer, mas perece aps 4 dias sem gua, em mdia. A gua de abastecimento pblico tem de ser potvel, isto , aquela que pode ser consumida pelo Homem, sem perigo para a sua sade. Esta gua caracteriza-se como sendo incolor (sem cor), inodora (sem cheiro) e de sabor agradvel, e quanto origem podem ser guas subterrneas ou guas de origem superficial. A distribuio de gua no mundo muito desigual, e uma grande parte do planeta (frica, Mdio Oriente, Austrlia, etc), est situada em regies com carncia deste lquido precioso. Paralelamente carncia, este liquido constantemente poludo, tornando necessrio o seu tratamento antes da distribuio para o abastecimento pblico. Segundo a empresa guabrava (empresa intermunicipal de gua do Fogo e da Brava), o concelho e So Filipe abastecido quase a 100% por guas subterrneas de boa qualidade. Mas, devido ao crescimento econmico, agrcola e populacional, torna-se necessrio estudar e analisar a qualidade da gua que se consome neste concelho, visto que, a ingesto, e no s, de gua contaminada causa graves problemas sade, principalmente em crianas, pelo que uma obrigao tratar a gua antes de us-la. Neste contexto, decidi realizar este trabalho de pesquisa que ir permitir, sem dvida, conhecer melhor a qualidade da gua que se consome neste concelho, nomeadamente sua origem, distribuio, poluio e tratamento. Este trabalho ir, tambm, ajudar no processo de tomada de conscincia, por parte da populao, sobre o controlo da poluio e os processos de tratamento de gua para o abastecimento pblic
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Alternative land uses make different contributions to the conservation of biodiversity and have different implementation and management costs. Conservation planning analyses to date have generally assumed that land is either protected or unprotected, and that the unprotected portion does not contribute to conservation goals. We develop and apply a new planning approach that explicitly accounts for the contribution of a diverse range of land uses to achieving conservation goals. Using East Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) as a case study, we prioritize investments in alternative conservation strategies and account for the relative contribution of land uses ranging from production forest to well-managed protected areas. We employ data on the distribution of mammals and assign species-specific conservation targets to achieve equitable protection by accounting for life history characteristics and home range sizes. The relative sensitivity of each species to forest degradation determines the contribution of each land use to achieving targets. We compare the cost effectiveness of our approach to a plan that considers only the contribution of protected areas to biodiversity conservation, and to a plan that assumes that the cost of conservation is represented by only the opportunity costs of conservation to the timber industry. Our preliminary results will require further development and substantial stakeholder engagement prior to implementation; nonetheless we reveal that, by accounting for the contribution of unprotected land, we can obtain more refined estimates of the costs of conservation. Using traditional planning approaches would overestimate the cost of achieving the conservation targets by an order of magnitude. Our approach reveals not only where to invest, but which strategies to invest in, in order to effectively and efficiently conserve biodiversity.
