Hormonoterapia primaria en mujeres añosas con cáncer de mama localizado hormonosensible

Se analizó de forma retrospectiva una serie de pacientes con una edad mediana de 79 años con cáncer de mama localizado, con receptor de estrógeno positivo tratadas con hormonoterapia primaria. Tras recibir el tratamiento primario las pacientes candidatas se sometían a cirugía. La respuesta clínica fue de un 63.6%. La mediana de tiempo a progresión fue de 94 meses y la mediana de la supervivencia global no se alcanzó, siendo la media de 123 meses. Se evaluó el impacto del tratamiento quirúrgico en estos resultados, no objetivándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas. La hormonoterapia exclusiva en casos seleccionados es efectiva y segura

EMT and EGFR in CTCs cytokeratin negative non-metastatic breast cancer.

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are frequently associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).The objective of this study was to detect EMT phenotype through Vimentin (VIM) and Slug expression in cytokeratin (CK)-negative CTCs in non-metastatic breast cancer patients and to determine the importance of EGFR in the EMT phenomenon. In CK-negative CTCs samples, both VIM and Slug markers were co-expressed in the most of patients. Among patients EGFR+, half of them were positive for these EMT markers. Furthermore, after a systemic treatment 68% of patients switched from CK- to CK+ CTCs. In our experimental model we found that activation of EGFR signaling by its ligand on MCF-7 cells is sufficient to increase EMT phenotypes, to inhibit apoptotic events and to induce the loss of CK expression. The simultaneous detection of both EGFR and EMT markers in CTCs may improve prognostic or predictive information in patients with operable breast cancer.

Circulating prolactin and in situ breast cancer risk in the European EPIC cohort: a case-control study.

INTRODUCTION The relationship between circulating prolactin and invasive breast cancer has been investigated previously, but the association between prolactin levels and in situ breast cancer risk has received less attention. METHODS We analysed the relationship between pre-diagnostic prolactin levels and the risk of in situ breast cancer overall, and by menopausal status and use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) at blood donation. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess this association in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, including 307 in situ breast cancer cases and their matched control subjects. RESULTS We found a significant positive association between higher circulating prolactin levels and risk of in situ breast cancer among all women [pre-and postmenopausal combined, ORlog2 = 1.35 (95%CI 1.04-1.76), Ptrend = 0.03]. No statistically significant heterogeneity was found between prolactin levels and in situ cancer risk by menopausal status (Phet = 0.98) or baseline HT use (Phet = 0.20), although the observed association was more pronounced among postmenopausal women using HT compared to non-users (Ptrend = 0.06 vs Ptrend = 0.35). In subgroup analyses, the observed positive association was strongest in women diagnosed with in situ breast tumors <4 years compared to ≥4 years after blood donation (Ptrend = 0.01 vs Ptrend = 0.63; Phet = 0.04) and among nulliparous women compared to parous women (Ptrend = 0.03 vs Ptrend = 0.15; Phet = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Our data extends prior research linking prolactin and invasive breast cancer to the outcome of in situ breast tumours and shows that higher circulating prolactin is associated with increased risk of in situ breast cancer.

Enhanced antitumor activity of doxorubicin in breast cancer through the use of poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles.

The use of doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most effective antitumor molecules in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, is limited by its low tumor selectivity and its severe side effects. Colloidal carriers based on biodegradable poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (PBCA NPs) may enhance DOX antitumor activity against breast cancer cells, thus allowing a reduction of the effective dose required for antitumor activity and consequently the level of associated toxicity. DOX loading onto PBCA NPs was investigated in this work via both drug entrapment and surface adsorption. Cytotoxicity assays with DOX-loaded NPs were performed in vitro using breast tumor cell lines (MCF-7 human and E0771 mouse cancer cells), and in vivo evaluating antitumor activity in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. The entrapment method yielded greater drug loading values and a controlled drug release profile. Neither in vitro nor in vivo cytotoxicity was observed for blank NPs. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of DOX-loaded PBCA NPs was significantly lower for MCF-7 and E0771 cancer cells (4 and 15 times, respectively) compared with free DOX. Furthermore, DOX-loaded PBCA NPs produced a tumor growth inhibition that was 40% greater than that observed with free DOX, thus reducing DOX toxicity during treatment. These results suggest that DOX-loaded PBCA NPs have great potential for improving the efficacy of DOX therapy against advanced breast cancers.

Predicting response and survival in chemotherapy-treated triple-negative breast cancer.

BACKGROUND In this study, we evaluated the ability of gene expression profiles to predict chemotherapy response and survival in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS Gene expression and clinical-pathological data were evaluated in five independent cohorts, including three randomised clinical trials for a total of 1055 patients with TNBC, basal-like disease (BLBC) or both. Previously defined intrinsic molecular subtype and a proliferation signature were determined and tested. Each signature was tested using multivariable logistic regression models (for pCR (pathological complete response)) and Cox models (for survival). Within TNBC, interactions between each signature and the basal-like subtype (vs other subtypes) for predicting either pCR or survival were investigated. RESULTS Within TNBC, all intrinsic subtypes were identified but BLBC predominated (55-81%). Significant associations between genomic signatures and response and survival after chemotherapy were only identified within BLBC and not within TNBC as a whole. In particular, high expression of a previously identified proliferation signature, or low expression of the luminal A signature, was found independently associated with pCR and improved survival following chemotherapy across different cohorts. Significant interaction tests were only obtained between each signature and the BLBC subtype for prediction of chemotherapy response or survival. CONCLUSIONS The proliferation signature predicts response and improved survival after chemotherapy, but only within BLBC. This highlights the clinical implications of TNBC heterogeneity, and suggests that future clinical trials focused on this phenotypic subtype should consider stratifying patients as having BLBC or not.

New insights into the role of the immune microenvironment in breast carcinoma.

Recently, immune edition has been recognized as a new hallmark of cancer. In this respect, some clinical trials in breast cancer have reported imppressive outcomes related to laboratory immune findings, especially in the neoadjuvant and metastatic setting. Infiltration by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and their subtypes, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) seem bona fide prognostic and even predictive biomarkers, that will eventually be incorporated into diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of breast cancer. In addition, the complex interaction of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules on the immune synapse and the different signals that they may exert represent another exciting field to explore. In this review we try to summarize and elucidate these new concepts and knowledge from a translational perspective focusing on breast cancer, paying special attention to those aspects that might have more significance in clinical practice and could be useful to design successful therapeutic strategies in the future.

Enfermedad neumococica invasiva en pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas. La influencia de la introducción de la vacuna neumocócica conjugada 7-valente (VNC-7V) en la población infantil

La enfermedad neumocócia invasora (ENI)es una infección grave en los pacientes con neoplasias hematológicas, especialmente en los pacientes con mieloma múltiple y leucemia linfática crónica con altas tasas de mortalidad. Tras la introducción la vacuna VCN-7V, las ENI causadas por serotipos vacunales han disminuido mientras que las ENI causadas por serotipos no vacunales han aumentado. El cambio de serotipos no se ha traducido en importantes cambios clínicos, excepto por un aumento de tendencia al desarrollo de neumonías y shock séptico. Además destaca que la susceptibilidad a la penicilina y eritromicina ha aumentado en el periodo postvacunal

Eficacia de la combinación de Vinorelbine- Trastuzumab en carcinoma de mama metastásico con sobreexpresión de HER2, previamente tratado con Trastuzumab

L'addició de Trastuzumab a quimioteràpia basada en taxans millora la supervivència de les pacients amb carcinoma de mama metastàtic i sobreexpressió de HER2. En el nostre estudi, analitzem l'eficàcia de Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab a la progressió a Trastuzumab. De les 46 pacients analitzades, 26 van realitzar Trastuzumab previ al tractament amb Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab, obtenint un temps lliure de progressió de 6.5 mesos, benefici clínic del 48% i respostes del 27%, similar al descrit pels tractaments aprovats, Capecitabina-Lapatinib i Capecitabina-Trastuzumab. CONCLUSIÓ: Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab en pacients prèviament tractades amb Trastuzumab manté una significativa activitat en càncer de mama metastàtic en progressió a Trastuzumab.

Suporte social na reabilitação da mulher mastectomizada: o papel do parceiro sexual

O estudo identificou os tipos de suporte social oferecido pelo parceiro sexual da mulher com câncer de mama e verificou como este apoio é percebido por eles. Participaram do estudo nove parceiros de mulheres nessa condição. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os parceiros se perceberam como importantes elementos de suporte social para as suas esposas oferecendo afeto, estímulo ao auto cuidado e auxílio nos afazeres domésticos. Revelaram dificuldades enfrentadas ao oferecer suporte social as quais estavam relacionadas à esfera sexual, aos canais de comunicação, à sensação de impotência e insegurança para lidar com as implicações do diagnóstico e reorganizar as atividades domésticas.

Problemas com a mama puerperal revelados por mães soropositivas

Em virtude da recomendação de não amamentar, a mulher soropositiva para o HIV poderá enfrentar problemas mamários. Objetivou-se conhecer situações vivenciadas e reveladas por mulheres HIV positivas, diante da não-amamentação. Estudo qualitativo, com 15 mulheres com HIV/Aids, realizado em ambulatório de um hospital referência em Fortaleza, Ceará. Entrevistas gravadas tiveram seus conteúdos transcritos e analisados. As mães revelaram problemas com as mamas após o parto, como o ingurgitamento e dores neste local. Informaram ter recebido orientação no pré-natal para não amamentar, mas não houve continuidade do cuidado no pós-parto. Foi reduzido o uso de inibidores da lactação e enfaixamento das mamas. Para orientar as puérperas soropositivas, os profissionais de saúde devem adotar medidas adequadas. Também os serviços de saúde necessitam ampliar estratégias para minimizar os problemas emocionais decorrentes da não-amamentação, bem como do desconforto na mama puerperal.

Correlació entre resposta radiològica i resposta patològica en pacients amb càncer de mama tractades amb quimioteràpia neoadjuvant.

En pacients amb càncer de mama la ressonància magnètica és superior a altres exploracions per a monitoritzar la resposta a la quimioteràpia neoadjuvant. Analitzem la correlació entre resposta completa radiològica(RCr) valorada amb RM i resposta completa patològica (RCp), globalment i en funció dels diferents immunofenotips. Es tracta d´un estudi clínic, retrospectiu, on s´han inclòs 103 pacients tractades amb quimioteràpia neoadjuvant. Totes les pacients incloses disposaven de RM inicial i de RM post-quimioteràpia. La sensibilitat de la RM per a detectar RCp és d´un 82% i l´especificitat d´un 71%. El valor de sensibilitat més alt, del 100%, s´ha objectivat en els tumors triple negatius. La concordança global entre RCr i RCp és d´un 74%.

Bloqueig paravertebral toràcic ecoguiat per a cirurgia oncològica de mama. Experiència en 43 casos.

Encara que habitualment es realitza sota anestèsia general, la cirurgia de la mama es pot dur a terme mitjançant un bloqueig paravertebral toràcic (BPVT). Amb les avantatges conegudes de l’anestèsia regional i les que ens aporta l’ecografia per aconseguir millor eficàcia i seguretat del bloqueig, presentem una sèrie de 43 casos emmarcats en una nova guia clínica del servei d’anestesiologia. Els resultats indiquen que el BPVT ecoguiat és altament segur i aconsegueix un molt bon control del dolor postoperatori, amb requeriments mínims de rescat analgèsic, i amb nul•la incidència de nàusees i vòmits postoperatoris.

Kane Djati En Mama ; Kane Djati En Mama (suite) / Cheik Madani, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Algérie]

Els grups de suport enforteixen emocionalment les dones afectades de càncer de mama

L'objectiu principal d'aquest TFG consistirà en demostrar d'una forma objectivable amb entrevistes, proves d'avaluació i com a observadora participant, els beneficis dels grups de suport a dones que han patit càncer de mama.

El Cáncer de mama en la prensa española : la cobertura informativa del cáncer de mama en ABC, El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia y El Periódico de Catalunya, de 2006 a 2010

Los medios de comunicación tienen un papel muy importante en la divulgación de la información sobre la salud. Una información de calidad sobre el cáncer de mama puede ayudar a miles de mujeres a prevenir y a detectar precozmente esta enfermedad, mejorando su pronóstico y su calidad de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la cobertura informativa sobre el cáncer de mama en los cinco diarios de mayor difusión en España: “El País”, “El Mundo”, “ABC”, “La Vanguardia” y “El Periódico de Catalunya”, de 2006 a 2010. La metodología utilizada es el análisis de contenido.