950 resultados para Modelos fuzzy set


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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Electrotécnica Ramo Energia

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Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências de Educação: área de Educação e Desenvolvimento

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Estuaries are perhaps the most threatened environments in the coastal fringe; the coincidence of high natural value and attractiveness for human use has led to conflicts between conservation and development. These conflicts occur in the Sado Estuary since its location is near the industrialised zone of Peninsula of Setúbal and at the same time, a great part of the Estuary is classified as a Natural Reserve due to its high biodiversity. These facts led us to the need of implementing a model of environmental management and quality assessment, based on methodologies that enable the assessment of the Sado Estuary quality and evaluation of the human pressures in the estuary. These methodologies are based on indicators that can better depict the state of the environment and not necessarily all that could be measured or analysed. Sediments have always been considered as an important temporary source of some compounds or a sink for other type of materials or an interface where a great diversity of biogeochemical transformations occur. For all this they are of great importance in the formulation of coastal management system. Many authors have been using sediments to monitor aquatic contamination, showing great advantages when compared to the sampling of the traditional water column. The main objective of this thesis was to develop an estuary environmental management framework applied to Sado Estuary using the DPSIR Model (EMMSado), including data collection, data processing and data analysis. The support infrastructure of EMMSado were a set of spatially contiguous and homogeneous regions of sediment structure (management units). The environmental quality of the estuary was assessed through the sediment quality assessment and integrated in a preliminary stage with the human pressure for development. Besides the earlier explained advantages, studying the quality of the estuary mainly based on the indicators and indexes of the sediment compartment also turns this methodology easier, faster and human and financial resource saving. These are essential factors to an efficient environmental management of coastal areas. Data management, visualization, processing and analysis was obtained through the combined use of indicators and indices, sampling optimization techniques, Geographical Information Systems, remote sensing, statistics for spatial data, Global Positioning Systems and best expert judgments. As a global conclusion, from the nineteen management units delineated and analyzed three showed no ecological risk (18.5 % of the study area). The areas of more concern (5.6 % of the study area) are located in the North Channel and are under strong human pressure mainly due to industrial activities. These areas have also low hydrodynamics and are, thus associated with high levels of deposition. In particular the areas near Lisnave and Eurominas industries can also accumulate the contamination coming from Águas de Moura Channel, since particles coming from that channel can settle down in that area due to residual flow. In these areas the contaminants of concern, from those analyzed, are the heavy metals and metalloids (Cd, Cu, Zn and As exceeded the PEL guidelines) and the pesticides BHC isomers, heptachlor, isodrin, DDT and metabolits, endosulfan and endrin. In the remain management units (76 % of the study area) there is a moderate impact potential of occurrence of adverse ecological effects and in some of these areas no stress agents could be identified. This emphasizes the need for further research, since unmeasured chemicals may be causing or contributing to these adverse effects. Special attention must be taken to the units with moderate impact potential of occurrence of adverse ecological effects, located inside the natural reserve. Non-point source pollution coming from agriculture and aquaculture activities also seem to contribute with important pollution load into the estuary entering from Águas de Moura Channel. This pressure is expressed in a moderate impact potential for ecological risk existent in the areas near the entrance of this Channel. Pressures may also came from Alcácer Channel although they were not quantified in this study. The management framework presented here, including all the methodological tools may be applied and tested in other estuarine ecosystems, which will also allow a comparison between estuarine ecosystems in other parts of the globe.

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This paper focus on a demand response model analysis in a smart grid context considering a contingency scenario. A fuzzy clustering technique is applied on the developed demand response model and an analysis is performed for the contingency scenario. Model considerations and architecture are described. The demand response developed model aims to support consumers decisions regarding their consumption needs and possible economic benefits.

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This paper presents a comparison between proportional integral control approaches for variable speed wind turbines. Integer and fractional-order controllers are designed using linearized wind turbine model whilst fuzzy controller also takes into account system nonlinearities. These controllers operate in the full load region and the main objective is to extract maximum power from the wind turbine while ensuring the performance and reliability required to be integrated into an electric grid. The main contribution focuses on the use of fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) controller which benefits from the introduction of one more tuning parameter, the integral fractional-order, taking advantage over integer order proportional integral (PI) controller. A comparison between proposed control approaches for the variable speed wind turbines is presented using a wind turbine benchmark model in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Results show that FOPI has improved system performance when compared with classical PI and fuzzy PI controller outperforms the integer and fractional-order control due to its capability to deal with system nonlinearities and uncertainties. © 2014 IEEE.

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A previsão das concentrações de ozono troposférico é importante devido aos impactos deste poluente na saúde humana e na vegetação. Neste contexto, o objectivo principal deste trabalho é a previsão de ozono na região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, através de métodos estatísticos com base em dados horários do próprio dia, para cada estação. A previsão foi dividida entre avaliação instantânea (previsão baseada em dados momentâneos) recorrendo a árvores de regressão, e previsão horária para um período horário de previsão específico (13:00 -17:00 horas UTC) utilizando modelos de regressão linear. A Avaliação instantânea foi dividida entre análise espacial e análise meteorológica e de precursores. Foram utilizadas séries temporais de dados de 2000 a 2005. No caso da previsão horária utilizaram-se, na fase de validação, dados de 2006. Concluiu-se que, para a avaliação instantânea, a análise espacial apresenta melhores resultados do que a meteorológica. Os modelos de regressão elaborados, para a previsão horária apresentam bons resultados na fase de treino, mas os índices de performance demonstram resultados menos bons na fase de validação. No geral, estes podem ser considerados bons a explicar o comportamento do ozono, contudo menos rigorosos na previsão de excedências. Foi constatada a existência de uma tendência geral para um decréscimo do coeficiente de determinação e um aumento do erro padrão ao longo do período de previsão. Assim os coeficientes de determinação mais elevados e os erros padrão menores verificam-se às 13:00 e o contrário verifica-se às 17:00 horas UTC.

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado elaborado no Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC) para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil pelo Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa no âmbito do protocolo de Cooperação entre o ISEL e o LNEC

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Esta dissertação tem por fim o estudo de algoritmos que permitem efectuar uma visita guiada a um modelo volumétrico. A visita guiada permite ao utilizador observar todas as partes relevantes do modelo. Assim, expõe-se como seleccionar de forma automática as posições que melhor permitem observar as partes relevantes. Dadas essas posições, mostra-se como criar um percurso que passe por todas elas. O esforço exigido ao utilizador, durante a visita guiada, face à metodologia aplicada, é o mínimo possível, como se este estivesse numa plataforma móvel e alguém empurrasse essa plataforma. Liberto de todas as preocupações associadas à sua deslocação, o utilizador poderá concentrar-se apenas na observação do modelo. É também abordado o caso particular da visita guiada a um modelo representativo de um museu de pintura. As técnicas estudadas são implementadas, tendo sido criado um protótipo que permite efectuar uma visita guiada ao museu. Nessa visita guiada, as peças expostas, que são as partes relevantes do museu, são visualizadas da melhor forma possível, ou seja, de maneira a que sua dimensão e o contexto em que estão inseridas sejam perceptíveis para o utilizador.

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The Darwinian Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) is an evolutionary algorithm that extends the Particle Swarm Optimization using natural selection to enhance the ability to escape from sub-optimal solutions. An extension of the DPSO to multi-robot applications has been recently proposed and denoted as Robotic Darwinian PSO (RDPSO), benefiting from the dynamical partitioning of the whole population of robots, hence decreasing the amount of required information exchange among robots. This paper further extends the previously proposed algorithm adapting the behavior of robots based on a set of context-based evaluation metrics. Those metrics are then used as inputs of a fuzzy system so as to systematically adjust the RDPSO parameters (i.e., outputs of the fuzzy system), thus improving its convergence rate, susceptibility to obstacles and communication constraints. The adapted RDPSO is evaluated in groups of physical robots, being further explored using larger populations of simulated mobile robots within a larger scenario.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade e Análise Financeira

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Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na Área de Especialização de Hidráulica

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O artigo faz uma breve sistematização dos modelos de atenção em saúde, enfatiza o papel do inquérito populacional como instrumento de gestão e analisa o caso específico da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal (SBBrasil 2010), ressaltando a sua contribuição no processo de consolidação de modelos de atenção compatíveis com os princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde. Ainda que no plano legal o Sistema Único de Saúde corresponda a um modelo de atenção em saúde, no plano concreto das políticas públicas e das ações, o sistema dá origem a um modelo que resulta não de textos jurídicos nem de formulações teóricas, mas da práxis dos agentes envolvidos. Considerando que a gestão do cotidiano em saúde é um espaço privilegiado e prioritário para a produção e consolidação dos modelos de atenção à saúde, é necessário estimular e apoiar o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas e operacionais diferentes daquelas necessárias à gerência dos cuidados relacionados às demandas individuais.

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Radio Link Quality Estimation (LQE) is a fundamental building block for Wireless Sensor Networks, namely for a reliable deployment, resource management and routing. Existing LQEs (e.g. PRR, ETX, Fourbit, and LQI ) are based on a single link property, thus leading to inaccurate estimation. In this paper, we propose F-LQE, that estimates link quality on the basis of four link quality properties: packet delivery, asymmetry, stability, and channel quality. Each of these properties is defined in linguistic terms, the natural language of Fuzzy Logic. The overall quality of the link is specified as a fuzzy rule whose evaluation returns the membership of the link in the fuzzy subset of good links. Values of the membership function are smoothed using EWMA filter to improve stability. An extensive experimental analysis shows that F-LQE outperforms existing estimators.