Germinação de sementes de Caesalpinia leiostachya (benth.) ducke (pau-ferro) classificadas pelo tamanho e pela forma

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Qualidade de vida medida pelo "WHOQOL-bref": estudo comparativo de pacientes em hemodiálise e pós-transplante renal

Exploratory descriptive study, prospective with quantitative approach, performed in the nefrology outpatient service from the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL), Natal/RN, aiming to identify aspects that concern Quality of Life (QOL) on transplanted and hemodialysis patients, as measured by WHOQOL-bref and describe the aspects that differentiate QL between the two groups as measured by the same instrument. The population was of 62 renal patients in hemodialysis and 58 transplantd, with data collected from february to march 2006. The instrument used was WHOQOL-bref, translated to and validated for Portuguese by the multicentric group of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Brazil. The results show predominance of the masculine gender both in the post-transplant group (55,17%), as well as in the hemodialysis group (51,61%); the age strip of 28 to 43 prevailed, among which were 53,45% transplanted and 48,99% hemodialysis patients; 79,93% of the hemodialysis patients and 62,07% of the transplanted were provenient from ouside the capital of the state; from the hemodialysis population, 59,68% were married, while among the transplanted 48,28% were single; 58,06% of the hemodialisys patients had 1 to 3 children, while the majority of the transplanted, 44,83%, had no children; regarding scholarity level on both groups, there was a predominance of incomplete fundamental school, representing 62,9% of the hemodialysis patients and 46,6% of the transplanted; regarding work status, 98,39% of those in hemodialysis informed not to be working, and the same applied to the transplanted, with 75,86%; regarding treatment time, most patients of both populations were in the 1- to 4-year interval, of which were 62,9% of the hemodialisys patients and 53,45% of the transplanted. The analysis of WHOQOL-bref reliability through Crobach s Alpha coefficient had a value of 0,8816, demonstrating good internal consistency for the instrument. Regarding description of QOL tests, the average scores of the post-transplant were (Q-1) 18,14 e (Q-2) 18,69, and 12,3 (Q-1) and 11,29 (Q-2) for the group in hemodialisys. Regarding the aspects that differentiate QOL on the two groups observed through average scores from the Domains: Physical, 15,91 for the post-transplant group and 12,71 for the hemodialisys group; Psychological, 16,75 for the post-transplant group and 14,84 for the hemodialisys group; Social Relations, 17,79 on the post-transplant group and 16,58 on the hemodialisys group; Environment, 14,16 on the post-transplant group and 12,38 on the hemodialisys group. On every evaluated item, the post-transplant group achieved higher scores when compared to the hemodialisys group. The diference in QOL for both populations was significant on all items evaluated with a p<0,005

Validação de instrumentos para avaliação da habilidade e do conhecimento acerca da medida da pressão arterial

This study aimed to validate tools for evaluating the ability and knowledge about blood pressure (BP) among nursing students. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative and methodological study accomplished at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) and a private university of the state. The sample consisted of 27 judges of research selected from the inclusion criteria: nursing, teachers of the semiology and/or semiotics discipline, with at least 1 year of experience, being from UFRN, EEN, UERN and private university of the state and and agree to participate voluntarily with the signing of the consent form. The research was development in three stages: construction of two instruments based on the scientific literature, resulting in a structured checklist consists of 28 items and a knowledge questionnaire with 12 questions; submission of the instruments to the judges, in the period from June to September 2012, which should evaluate each item in appropriate , appropriate with changes and inappropriate , addition to making an overall assessment of each instrument based on 10 requirements; validation and verification to the level of agreement among the judges, through the application of Kappa and Content Validity Index (CVI). Was used the consensus level greater than 0.61 (good) to the Kappa index and greater than 0.75 for CVI. Was approved by the Ethics in Research / HUOL. After being coded and tabulated, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Of the 27 judges who evaluated the instrument, 77.8% are female, with a mean age of 36.6 (± 9.0) years, 63.0% worked in UFRN, 74.1% had academic master and 63.0% worked exclusively on teaching. Average length of teaching experience was 7.9 (± 8.0) years and in the semiology and/or semiotics discipline of 5.5 (± 6.7) years. In the judgment of structured checklist and questionnaire of knowledge about blood pressure mensurement any item/question was considered inappropriate since all obtained level of agreement within the indices established (CVI> 0,75 E Kappa> 0.61). In relation to structured checklist, of those 28 items present, 9 showed perfect concordance index (CVI = 1.00, Kappa = 1.00) and another 19 were considered appropriate with changes, especially with regard to clarity and vocabulary. In the questionnaire of knowledge, among the 12 questions that comprised, 7 had perfect concordance index and the others were considered appropriate with changes as requirements as clarity, vocabulary, and feasible sequence of instructional topics. In terms of a overall evaluating of instruments, the structured checklist got CVI of 0.94 and Kappa of 0.89 and the knowledge questionnaire, CVI of 0.97 and a kappa of 0.94. Both instruments proved to be valid as to their content, configuring it as clear and objective tools of assessment of knowledge and ability on blood pressure, being of nursing students as well as others students and health professionals, since the use of valid measures seeking to reduce the risk of distorting the results

Adubação com NPK e o estado nutricional de ‘citrumelo’ por medida indireta de clorofila

The SPAD values of the leaves have correlation with nutrients content and dry matter production and could be used for evaluation of the nutritional state in citrus rootstock. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on the indirect measure of chlorophyll in the lemon tree citrus rootstock of "citrumelo". After 20 days from sowing of the plants, the experiment was installed, in a randomized design factorial project 3x3 + 1, being three rates of N, P e K (920 mg dm(-3) 790 mg dm(-3) and 100 mg dm(-3), respectively), with three replications. The treatments were: D1 = half of the recommend rate; D2 = the recommend rate; e D3 = two times the recommend rate and one control (without fertilization). Four months after the emergency, were determined the SPAD values, dry matter yield and the N, P and K content of the plants. Interaction between N, P and K content with SPAD values the plants were found. SPAD values with N content and with the dry mass yield of the plants the citrus rootstock were encountered, indicating that the indirect measure of chlorophyll is adequate for the evaluation of the nitrogen content of 'citrumelo' plants.

Controle de estoques de sal: uma inovação da quantificação e no gerenciamento dos recursos naturais da indústria mineral

The strengthening of the domestic industry in Brazil required the modernization, mechanization and expansion of salt production. Thereafter the production of sea salt started to be made in a process of continuous flow, where the product is constantly stored in yards, with daily movements in and out of salt. Thus far, the major bottleneck found in this production process is the control of production, because due to the large amount produced and variety of losses existing in the various stages of production there are not a regulated and safe way to control inventories with accuracy and speed demanded. In a typical case with a salt marsh company of Rio Grande do Norte state, salt produced is stored in two open courtyards and inventory control of salt made by carrying input / output relationship of salt in each storage yard. This work developed a conceptual model of inventory control, based on topography, adopting surveys into one of the courtyards of the company. There were 25 biweekly survey measurements over a year book to generate digital models representing the stock. For each measurement, results were compared with the values of inventory accounting provided by the salt marsh in order to identify existing losses and mark out the sales department on the actual stock available at each measurement date. Inventories calculated by the model indicated losses of 6,349 tonnes for the period of one year book and 3,279 tonnes for the period between harvests, when compared to the accounting control

Controle vetorial de velocidade de uma máquina de indução sem mancais trifásica com bobinado dividido utilizando estimação neural de fluxo

This work describes the study and the implementation of the vector speed control for a three-phase Bearingless induction machine with divided winding of 4 poles and 1,1 kW using the neural rotor flux estimation. The vector speed control operates together with the radial positioning controllers and with the winding currents controllers of the stator phases. For the radial positioning, the forces controlled by the internal machine magnetic fields are used. For the radial forces optimization , a special rotor winding with independent circuits which allows a low rotational torque influence was used. The neural flux estimation applied to the vector speed controls has the objective of compensating the parameter dependences of the conventional estimators in relation to the parameter machine s variations due to the temperature increases or due to the rotor magnetic saturation. The implemented control system allows a direct comparison between the respective responses of the speed and radial positioning controllers to the machine oriented by the neural rotor flux estimator in relation to the conventional flux estimator. All the system control is executed by a program developed in the ANSI C language. The DSP resources used by the system are: the Analog/Digital channels converters, the PWM outputs and the parallel and RS-232 serial interfaces, which are responsible, respectively, by the DSP programming and the data capture through the supervisory system

Estudo de estratégias de otimização para poços de petróleo com elevação por bombeio de cavidades progressivas

The progressing cavity pump artificial lift system, PCP, is a main lift system used in oil production industry. As this artificial lift application grows the knowledge of it s dynamics behavior, the application of automatic control and the developing of equipment selection design specialist systems are more useful. This work presents tools for dynamic analysis, control technics and a specialist system for selecting lift equipments for this artificial lift technology. The PCP artificial lift system consists of a progressing cavity pump installed downhole in the production tubing edge. The pump consists of two parts, a stator and a rotor, and is set in motion by the rotation of the rotor transmitted through a rod string installed in the tubing. The surface equipment generates and transmits the rotation to the rod string. First, is presented the developing of a complete mathematical dynamic model of PCP system. This model is simplified for use in several conditions, including steady state for sizing PCP equipments, like pump, rod string and drive head. This model is used to implement a computer simulator able to help in system analysis and to operates as a well with a controller and allows testing and developing of control algorithms. The next developing applies control technics to PCP system to optimize pumping velocity to achieve productivity and durability of downhole components. The mathematical model is linearized to apply conventional control technics including observability and controllability of the system and develop design rules for PI controller. Stability conditions are stated for operation point of the system. A fuzzy rule-based control system are developed from a PI controller using a inference machine based on Mandami operators. The fuzzy logic is applied to develop a specialist system that selects PCP equipments too. The developed technics to simulate and the linearized model was used in an actual well where a control system is installed. This control system consists of a pump intake pressure sensor, an industrial controller and a variable speed drive. The PI control was applied and fuzzy controller was applied to optimize simulated and actual well operation and the results was compared. The simulated and actual open loop response was compared to validate simulation. A case study was accomplished to validate equipment selection specialist system

Controle vetorial de velocidade de um motor de indução trifásico com estimação neural de fluxo

This work describes the study and the implementation of the speed control for a three-phase induction motor of 1,1 kW and 4 poles using the neural rotor flux estimation. The vector speed control operates together with the winding currents controller of the stator phasis. The neural flux estimation applied to the vector speed controls has the objective of compensating the parameter dependences of the conventional estimators in relation to the parameter machine s variations due to the temperature increases or due to the rotor magnetic saturation. The implemented control system allows a direct comparison between the respective responses of the speed controls to the machine oriented by the neural rotor flux estimator in relation to the conventional flux estimator. All the system control is executed by a program developed in the ANSI C language. The main DSP recources used by the system are, respectively, the Analog/Digital channels converters, the PWM outputs and the parallel and RS-232 serial interfaces, which are responsible, respectively, by the DSP programming and the data capture through the supervisory system

Separação cega de fontes lineares e não lineares usando algoritmo genético, redes neurais artificiais RBF e negentropia de Rényi como medida de independência

Conventional methods to solve the problem of blind source separation nonlinear, in general, using series of restrictions to obtain the solution, often leading to an imperfect separation of the original sources and high computational cost. In this paper, we propose an alternative measure of independence based on information theory and uses the tools of artificial intelligence to solve problems of blind source separation linear and nonlinear later. In the linear model applies genetic algorithms and Rényi of negentropy as a measure of independence to find a separation matrix from linear mixtures of signals using linear form of waves, audio and images. A comparison with two types of algorithms for Independent Component Analysis widespread in the literature. Subsequently, we use the same measure of independence, as the cost function in the genetic algorithm to recover source signals were mixed by nonlinear functions from an artificial neural network of radial base type. Genetic algorithms are powerful tools for global search, and therefore well suited for use in problems of blind source separation. Tests and analysis are through computer simulations

Controle vetorial para velocidade de um motor de indução trifásico utilizando estimador filtro de Kalman

This paper describes the study, computer simulation and feasibility of implementation of vector control speed of an induction motor using for this purpose the Extended Kalman Filter as an estimator of rotor flux. The motivation for such work is the use of a control system that requires no sensors on the machine shaft, thus providing a considerable cost reduction of drives and their maintenance, increased reliability, robustness and noise immunity as compared to control systems with conventional sensors

Mecanismos de desgaste de poliuretano em ensaios de microabrasão

Wear mechanisms and thermal history of two non-conforming sliding surfaces was investigated in laboratory. A micro-abrasion testing setup was used but the traditional rotative sphere method was substituted by a cylindrical surface of revolution which included seven sharp angles varying between 15o to 180o. The micro-abrasion tests lead to the investigation on the polyurethane response at different contact pressures. For these turned counterfaces with and without heat treatment. Normal load and sliding speeds were changed. The sliding distance was fixed at 5 km in each test. The room and contact temperatures were measured during the tests. The polyurethane was characterized using tensile testing, hardness Shore A measurement, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermomechanical Analyze (TMA). The Vickers micro-hardness of the steel was measured before and after the heat treatment and the metallographic characterization was also carried out. Worn surface of polyurethane was analysed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and EDS (Electron Diffraction Scanning) microanalyses. Single pass scratch testing in polyurethane using indenters with different contact angles was also carried out. The scar morphology of the wear, the wear mechanism and the thermal response were analyzed in order to correlate the conditions imposed by the pressure-velocity pair to the materials in contact. Eight different wear mechanisms were identified on the polyurethane surface. It was found correlation between the temperature variation and the wear scar morphology.

Velocidade do ar em barra de pulverização na deposição da calda fungicida, severidade da ferrugem asiática e produtividade da soja

O trabalho objetivou comparar a deposição da pulverização e o controle da ferrugem asiática após o tratamento com fungicidas sob quatro velocidades da assistência de ar junto à barra de pulverização na cultura da soja. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na FCA/UNESP - Campus de Botucatu, safra 2006/07. Alvos artificiais foram fixados na superfície adaxial e abaxial de folíolos posicionados nas partes superior e inferior das plantas selecionadas e distribuídas perpendicularmente ao deslocamento do pulverizador. O oxicloreto de cobre (50% de cobre metálico) foi o marcador utilizado em pulverização e a determinação quantitativa dos depósitos feita com o uso de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Após a aplicação do fungicida piraclostrobina + epoxiconazole sob diferentes velocidades da assistência de ar junto à barra de pulverização (0, 9, 11 e 29 km h-1) procedeu-se a avaliação da severidade da doença e produtividade da soja. Na parte superior das plantas os maiores níveis de depósitos foram encontrados na pulverização sem assistência de ar. Já na parte inferior da planta foram encontrados os maiores níveis de deposição quando foram utilizadas as maiores velocidades da assistência de ar. No geral, a severidade da doença foi mais acentuada nos tratamentos sem o uso da assistência de ar. em relação à produtividade não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos com aplicação de fungicidas, porém houve incremento na produtividade para os tratamentos com assistência de ar.

Medida indireta de temperatura de corpos imersos em plasma

O gradiente térmico da superfície para o interior do sólido depende da taxa de colisões das partículas e da condutividade térmica do material utilizado. Quando um sólido é imerso em plasma, a transferência de energia ocorre por radiação e colisões das partículas sobre a superfície do material. Dependendo da taxa de colisões das particulas e da condutividade térmica do sólido existirão gradientes térmicos da superfície para o interior das amostras, ocorrendo picos térmicos na superficie, ou seja, o aquecimento pontual nas regiões de colisões. A fim de estudar esse efeito, amostras de aço rápido AISI M35 cujos valores de dureza são fortemente sensíveis à temperatura de revenimento, foram utilizadas como micro sensores térmicos. Amostras foram temperadas em forno resistivo e, em seguida, parte das mesmas foram revenidas em forno resistivo e a outra parte em plasma. A partir do gráfico da dureza (Hv) em função da temperatura (T) das amostras revenidas em forno resistivo foi possível obter uma função Hv(T) para determinação indireta do perfil térmico das amostras tratadas em plasma. As amostras foram revenidas em plasma utilizando temperatura de referência igual a 550 oC. Em seguida foi obtido o perfil de dureza dessas amostras ao longo da seção transversal e, subsequentemente, o perfil de temperatura. Verificou-se que amostras tratadas em plasma, ao contrário daquelas tratadas em forno resistivo, apresentaram gradiente de temperatura da superfície para o núcleo. Além disso, verificou-se que as amostras tratadas em configuração planar apresentaram gradientes térmicos inferiores àquelas tratadas em configuração cátodo oco, variando de 20 a 120 °C, respectivamente

Velocidade do fluxo de ar em barra de pulverização no controle químico de Anticarsia gemmatalis, Hübner e percevejos na cultura da soja

A lagarta Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) e os percevejos fitófagos são pragas importantes na cultura da soja no Brasil. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o controle desses insetos após o tratamento com inseticidas, sob diferentes velocidades do fluxo de ar junto à barra de pulverização nessa cultura. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Botucatu, na cultura da soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], var. Conquista (safra 2007/08), no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso (quatro velocidades do fluxo de ar: 0, 9, 11 e 29 km h-1), mais testemunha, totalizando cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. No estádio de desenvolvimento vegetativo (V10) realizou uma aplicação do inseticida deltametrina na dosagem de 6,5 g do i.a. ha-1 para o controle de lagartas e no estádio de desenvolvimento reprodutivo (R6) aplicou o inseticida tiametoxam associado com lambda-cialotrina na dosagem de 25,38 + 19,08 g do i.a. ha-1 para o controle de percevejos. A aplicação foi feita com um pulverizador Advanced Vortex 2000, com pontas de pulverização jato cônico JA2, conferindo um volume de calda de 200 L ha-1. As avaliações antes e após a aplicação foram realizadas pelo método de batidas no pano. Avaliaram-se os danos causados por percevejos, considerando-se a porcentagem de danos às sementes, ao poder germinativo e à produtividade. No geral, o número médio de lagartas e percevejos foram significativamente menores nas parcelas tratadas em relação ao obtido na testemunha. Não houve diferença de produtividade entre os tratamentos. A porcentagem de emergência e sementes picadas por percevejos foram significativamente menores nos tratamentos que receberam o controle em comparação à testemunha.

Velocidade de hidratação em função de características do tegumento de sementes de soja de diferentes cultivares e localidades

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)