Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) do reservatório Tanque Grande, Guarulhos (SP): Análise sazonal e efeitos do uso e ocupação do solo

The Tanque Grande Reservoir is located at the Serra da Cantereira, Guarulhos (SP), and provides 3% of the municipal drinking water. In the last years, the urban zone has expanded towards the reservoir and has significantly altered the land use. In this work, water samples from three stations were monitored from August/2007 up to July/2008 in terms of the Water Quality Index (IQA) adopted by CETESB. The waters were usually classified in the band Good during the study period. Nevertheless, termotolerants coliforms, BOD and total phosphorus have exceeded the legal limits several times. Such occurrences may be related to the economical activities at the sub-watersheds in addition to changes in the land use of the surroundings of the reservoir.

Influência do sistema de preparo e manejo de um latossolo vermelho nas suas propriedades físico-hídricas

The intensive use of the land for agricultural propose causes a series of modifications in attributes, which can take to soil degradation. In this context, the main goal of this research was to evaluate the influence of the soil tillage systems and management on its physical and hydric characteristics. The evaluations were carried out in July of 1999, at experimental plots of a Latossolo vermelho, a clay oxisoil, in the Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola of the UNICAMP, at the county of Campinas, state of São Paulo. These plots were managed with the following treatments, along a period of eight years: no-tillage, chisel ploughing, conventional system with disk ploughing and revolving hoe. The evaluated physical and hydric parameters of the soil were: soil bulk density, particle density, total porosity, macro-porosity, micro-porosity, soil-water retention curve, hydraulic conductivity and basic infiltration. Significant differences were observed between the treatments on soil bulk density, infiltration, total porosity, macro-porosity and the micro-porosity. The chisel ploughing and no-tillage systems presented the higher values of soil bulk density; nevertheless in these conservationist systems were observed the higher values of basic infiltration.

Caracterización y clasificación de la red hidrográfica de la cuenca del río Bobo, departamento de Nariño - Colombia

The object of this work was to make a morphometric characterization of the Bobo river watershed in the Nariño department in Colombia. A map was created from topographical maps (1:25.000 scale) using the drainage network and the limit of each 2nd order microbasin as database. Dimensional, drainage network and relief morphometric parameters were evaluated for a later hy-drological study. The drainage area was 224.97 km2, having a 71.31 km perimeter. The Bobo river watershed is considered to be 6th order and has 176 2nd order drainage channels, 34 3rd order drainage channels, 9 4th order drainage channels and 3 5th order drainage channels. Average drainage density is 3.71km/km2, reflecting its high density, having strong, dissected geological formation. The area has a typical Andean land-use pattern, having native wooded vegetation, traditional transitory potato and vegetable growing predominating.

ENCORE: Enhanced code Galileo receiver for land management applications in Brazil

Taking benefit of the new Galileo ranging signals, the ENCORE (Enhanced Code Galileo Receiver) project aims to develop a low-cost Land Management Application to cover needs of the Brazilian market in terms of geo-referencing and rural/urban cadastre, using a low-cost Enhanced Galileo Code Receiver as baseline. Land management applications require precision and accuracy levels from a few to several decimetres that are under-met with current pseudorange-based receiver and over-met with phase observations. This situation leads either to a waste of resources, or to lack of accuracy. In this project, it is proposed to fill this gap using the new possibilities of the Galileo ranging signals, in particular E5 AltBOC and E1 CBOC. This approach reduces the cost of the end-user solution, helping the rapid penetration of Galileo technology outside Europe. ©2010 IEEE.

Geoinformação na gestão dos recursos hídricos em sub-bacia hidrográfica

By remote sensing, geodatabase digital processing, information and expeditions to Capivara's sub-basin, was possible to identify the changes in the landscape mainly the expansion of eucalyptus, sugar-cane, and orange trees, being the last two, mainly on the Periferic Depression of Basaltic Cuesta. A significant portion of the soil on this geological area is formed from sandstones, providing high permeability to them, making them important places to groundwater recharge areas as sensible to contamination by pesticides. Throughout last decade was observed that the native vegetation fragments stabilization, keeping a reason of 26.5% on the land used between 2000 and 2010. The pasture decrease being substituted by eucalyptus, sugar-cane and orange trees call attention for the changes in the agribusiness model demanded by the current economic and social necessity. Pasture decrease followed by erosions decrease on sub-basin is evidence that these two aspects are strongly related.

Zoneamento geoambiental aplicado ao planejamento da gestão ambiental e territorial do município de Colorado D'Oeste, RO

This research is based on the physical characterization of the environment to support definition of the best land use for the county of Colorado D'Oeste, in State of Rondônia, Brazil. Remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques were applied to support the preparation of a Geoenvironmental Zoning, which was used to define strategies of territorial and environmental management in that county. Digital and analogical remote sensing products, acquired by satellites, and additional cartographic and thematic maps allowed a morphostructural analysis to define low and high structural associated study site tectonic. Subsequently, this information was used to support analysis of the physiographic compartmentation of the study area. Based on this study information, it is possible to define geoenvironmental subzones and local hidrological regime, soils, mineral components, texture, color, and sedimentary materials. By integrating previous described information, a synthesis cartographic map generated. Accordingly, this Cartographic Sheet spatially defined the best land use over the study area, indicates zones for conservation, agricultural, and regeneration (areas that should be recovered). Finally, the results of this research can contribute and support governmental and non-governmental organization and local communities could improve land use and soil management, avoiding natural resource destruction and future land scarcity in the county of Colorado D'Oeste.

Elaboração da carta geotécnica de suscetibilidade de um trecho da rodovia marechal rondon - sp-300 (SP, Brasil)

The highways are enterprises of great longitudinal extension that cross several types of lands, that possess different geologic, geomorphologic, pedologic and vegetation conditions. In the environmental management of highways the importance of the use of Engineering Geological Maps of Susceptibility was noticed, for being documents that inter-relates several information of the environment. This way, this research objectified the elaboration of this type of map and the indication of lines of direction for the conservation of the Highway Marechal Rondon - SP-300. For its elaboration the Map of Declivity, the delimited Homogeneous Physiographic Units, the processes of the superficial dynamics mapped and the use of the ground was used. Its elaboration evidenced its importance for the environmental management of highways, in view of the prevention, the monitoring and the correction of the adverse processes that can occur in this type of enterprise.

Cartografia geomorfológica como subsídio para a análise das interferências do uso da terra no desencadeamento dos processos erosivos: Um estudo em área canavieira

This study aimed at analyzing the geomorphologic dynamics and its relationship to human interference and ownership of relief, towards a systemic approach, through the interpretation, in an integrated manner, of cartographic documents made from techniques of geomorphologic cartography and of land use. By stereoscopic pairs of aerial photographs, it was prepared the Geomorphological Map and the Land Use Map, respectively based on Tricart's (1965) and Ceron and Diniz's (1966) technical procedures. The unit of the research analysis refers to the basin of Tijuco Preto Streamlet (SP) which is located at the Geomorphological Province of São Paulo state Peripheral Depression between latitudes 22°42'17 and 22°51'36 S, and longitudes 47°30'30 and 47°37'03. In general, it was possible to notice that this basin has been experiencing linear erosion processes, where it was mapped many erosion furrows, grooving and creeping, besides several slope breaks. These processes are associated with a conjunction of circumstances, and the anthropic one is mostly represented by sugarcane monoculture and by urbanization, which are crucial agents in activating erosion processes and in direct interfering on the dynamics of river and rain flow at the basin of Tijuco Preto Streamlet.

Análise temporal do uso do solo e comparação entre os índices de vegetação ndvi e savi no município de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo - SP usando imagens landsat-5

This work aims to analyze the land use evolution in the city of Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo - SP through supervised classification of Landsat-5 TM satellite images according to the maximum likelihood (Maxlike), as well as verifying the mapping accuracy through Kappa index, comparing NDVI and SAVI vegetation indexes in different adjustment factors for the canopy substrate and determining the vegetal coverage percentage in all methods used on 2007, May 26 th; 2009, January 7 th and 2009, April 29 th. The Maxlike classification showed several spatial changes in land use over the study period. The most appropriated vegetation indexes were NDVI and SAVI - 0,25 factor, which showed similar values of vegetal coverage percentage, but discrepant from the inferred value for Maxlike classification.

Indicação para o uso da terra na bacia hidrográfica do rio salobra - serra da bodoquena, mato grosso do sul

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Modelagem da produção de sedimentos na sub-Bacia Hidrográfica do Riacho Jacaré - SE

The sediment production in river basins is an important aspect for planning the land use. Mathematical models are useful tools for analyzing the problem by providing speed, convenience and flexibility to the simulations of current conditions and future. In this article we evaluate a methodology to simulate the sediment production combining the MUSLE, a hydrologic model (ABC) and a GIS in different scenarios of land use. The models used showed good performance for purposes of planning land use, as well as for agricultural and environmental planning.

Uso de sig e fotografias aéreas na determinação de conflitos na rede de drenagem na bacia experimental do Rio Pardo

This study aimed to detect and evaluate potential conflicts in the land use along the Rio Pardo's tributaries and sub-tributaries from its source which is in Pardinho, SP to the water capture system by the Basic Sanitation Company located in Botucatu, SP. It was used 2005 colored aerial photos, taking as a tool for assessing the Geographical Information System - IDRISI Andes. The results showed that the riparian forests were substituted predominantly by pastures, which is called conflict. In other words, the 1590.82ha of environmental preservation areas (PPA's) that should be protected by riparian forests and meadows (41.51%) in 2005, were used as pastures, being in conflict with the legislation. The aerial pictures associated to SIG-Idrisi proved to be efficient tools in mapping the area and monitoring the environmental impacts.

Avaliação da capacidade de uso da terra da bacia do córrego do cavalheiro - Analândia, SP

Environmental factors are important in agriculture and need to be considered for getting good degree of development and reasonable efficiency, by reducing their operating costs. To this end, land use shall be appropriated to the conditions offered by the physical elements of the landscape. By facing such questions, this paper aims is to present of mapping the ability of land use of the hydrographic basins Cavalheiro Stream basin (in the city of Analândia - São Paulo State - Brazil) which presents serious erosion problems. Besides it aims to assess if the current land use in this area is consistent with the identified land use ability. For this we have made a cartographic document that spatializes the various classes of usability and its main restrictions. The correlative analysis between that document and land use data showed that Cavalheiro Stream's current use is predominantly inappropriate with the usability of land, which was identified from the physical attributes of the studied area, except for a few sites that are used for forestry and pasture placed in Western, Eastern and Central-South.

Alterações hidrogeomorfológicas devido à dinâmica de uso da terra na Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão Santa Gertrudes (SP)

Agricultural and mining activities are directly related to changes in natural landscapes. From the perspective of anthropogenic geomorphology supported by general systems theory, this research has developed, in order to identify and analyze changes in the land use, mainly from agriculture and the exploitation of clay, and its implications in the hydro-geomorphological characteristics in the Santa Gertrudes Stream watershed (SP). This area is within the context of the Ceramic Pole Santa Gertrudes (SP), which besides its importance as a supplier of raw material, is characterized as the largest center of international reference in ceramic tiles on the American continent. For this purpose, we made land use and geomorphology maps of two scenarios, corresponding to the years 1962 and 2006, which allowed the identification of changes caused by human activities on the landforms of the area, such as the increase in area of parcels intended for mining activity, which went from 3.1% to occupy 19% of the catchment area of the respective period and that, among other changes, gave rise to new forms of relief as, for example, in levels of pit mining abrupt and smooth. The results indicate that the main features of representative of human changes in relief are represented for opening of large clay mining pits and agricultural activities, which intensified the denudation and sedimentation processes in the Santa Gertrudes Stream watershed.

Utilização de índices de vegetação para estimativa da proteção do solo pela cobertura vegetal: uma contribuição para o uso da equação universal das perdas de solo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)