Salud bucodental : cuadernillo ilustrado para niños de ciclo inicial y medio.

Se presenta un cuadernillo gráfico e ilustrado con el objeto de ayudar a los niños de los ciclos inicial y medio a cuidar su boca y dentadura. Se ilustran los dientes, los cepillos y las pastas dentífricas para que los niños entiendan perfectamente lo importante que es preservar su dentadura de las caries. Además se presenta el juego de 'las tres sin caries' imitando a 'las tres en raya' para que los alumnos aprendan mientras juegan.

Colegio Mar??a Inmaculada, Madrid

Monogr??fico con el t??tulo: 'Historia de un olvido: patrimonio en los centros escolares'. Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Medallas oficiales de la UNESCO.

Acompañan al texto imágenes de las monedas acuñadas para cada monumento. Título anterior de la publicación : Boletín de la Comisión Española de la UNESCO

El botiquín de plástica.

Se trata de un conjunto de materiales didácticos de Educación Plástica dirigidos a docentes que trabajan en aulas hospitalarias o en el servicio de apoyo educativo domiciliario. Contiene recursos y actividades cuyo objetivo es convertir la estancia en los hospitales en un instrumento de experiencia y de aprendizaje para aprovechar los recursos que ofrece el medio como los espacios, las personas y los materiales. Se divide en cinco volúmenes que recogen diversos aspectos relacionados con esta realidad. El primero analiza las unidades escolares de apoyo en instituciones sanitarias de la Comunidad de Madrid; el segundo está dedicado a la plástica en el aula hospitalaria; el tercero recoge una unidad didáctica para estudiar el entorno del hospital; el cuarto son recursos didácticos; y el quinto presenta una propuesta de actividades a través de una serie de fichas.

Plan para la promoci??n y mejora de la convivencia escolar a trav??s de la mediaci??n escolar

El trabajo obtuvo el Segundo Premio de la Modalidad A de los 'Premios Tom??s Garc??a Verdejo' a las buenas pr??cticas educativas en la Comunidad Aut??noma de Extremadura para el curso acad??mico 2013/2014

Género e Domesticidade na Indonésia : A Nova Ordem

Mulheres que garantam uma vida familiar calma e feliz e, sobretudo, proveitosa para as actividades do marido. Este foi um ideal acalentado por Jan Pieterszoon Coen, considerado como o fundador da autoridade holandesa no arquipélago de Insulíndia. Coen desempenhava papéis-chave na VOC2 no início do século XVII, altura em que os holandeses sucediam aos portugueses como potência europeia com mais influência no arquipélago. A presença portuguesa, entretanto, ficou limitada a poucas regiões, tais como Macaçar e a zona de Timor. Jan Pieterszoon Coen, já antes de ascender ao mais alto cargo, o de Governador Geral, delineou uma política de colonização para os postos holandeses, nomeadamente Batávia (actualmente Jacarta) como a sede da VOC na Ásia. Nesta política, o factor feminino tinha lugar de destaque. Segundo Coen, para contrariar os excessos e as bebedeiras, em suma a vida desordeira levada pelos homens europeus ao serviço da VOC, que prejudicava bastante o seu funcionamento, eles precisavam de uma relação estável com uma mulher, ou seja, de uma vida matrimonial.3 Os projectos demográficos de Coen e as iniciativas mal sucedidas, como o transporte de mulheres e em particular de meninas órfãs da Holanda, neste texto não serão abordados.4 Mas é significante que um dos primeiros protagonistas da expansão europeia no país agora chamado Indonésia dava tanta importância à responsabilidade das mulheres por uma vida doméstica serena e um marido contente. Neste artigo, que foca a situação das mulheres na Indonésia, nomeadamente nos anos 70 e 80 do século XX, serão abordadas várias influências normativas. Entre essas contam-se as ideias dos ocidentais que, durante os três séculos depois do governo de Coen, iriam aumentar o seu poder no arquipélago. No entanto, houve muitos outros factores, entre os quais a singularidade das culturas indígenas, descritas desde o início do século XVI por portugueses tais como Tomé Pires e António Galvão.

Los mercados internacionales para plantas medicinales de la Amazonía peruana: situación actual y tendencias

Este trabajo de investigación, pone de relieve el papel fundamental que la Amazonia como Bosque Húmedo Tropical desempeña y especialmente la Biodiversidad que en ella se encuentra, especialmente los Productos Forestales No Maderables. No obstante a tener una riqueza incalculable para ser explotada y manejada sosteniblemente, no reciben la atención suficiente de parte de los Gestores de la Política tanto Ambiental como de acceso a los Recursos Naturales. La Amazonia considerada como un Bosque Tropical, alberga una variedad de Productos No Maderables, cuyo valor es inconmensurable. En los Países en Desarrollo, especialmente el Perú, existen más de 80,000 especies de plantas conocidas y que pueden ser explotadas y comercializadas para muchos usos, sin embargo no se le están dando la debida importancia, lo que ayudaría a muchos pobladores de la Zona Amazónica a aliviar sus problemas de subsistencia, generación de empleo e ingresos, comercialización sostenible y una mejor distribución de los beneficios. Hay evidencia la presencia de plantas medicinales en la Producción de Productos Farmacéuticos a nivel Mundial, y que por lo tanto existe demanda de plantas con principios activos; tenemos a los Estados Unidos, Comunidad Europea, Japón entre otros. El Mercado se encuentra en expansión y el Perú tendría la oportunidad de abastecer esta demanda creciente, siempre y cuando exista voluntad e integración de los Organismos encargados y responsables, para que este tesoro escondido, no sea mal explotado, como ha ocurrido con la Quina, oriunda del Perú, y que hoy el 90 % es manejada por Indonesia. De otro lado, se sabe, que actualmente a nivel mundial, se discute mucho sobre los alcances y el acceso de los recursos genéticos, tanto multilateralmente, como a nivel Andino, los convenios, están allí, para ser discutidos, desde el Convenio de Diversidad Biológica, hasta los Convenios y Leyes Regionales y Locales; lo que queda claro es que, los recursos diversos de la Amazonia, son una alternativa de Desarrollo Sostenible, siempre y cuando se emplee las estrategias adecuadas y con Leyes firmes y Apertura de Liberalización de Mercado.

Why Bt cotton pays for small-scale producers in South Africa

There is much debate about the potential benefits (and costs) of genetically modified (GM) crop technology for developing countries. Studies have been carried out in Argentina, China, Indonesia and most recently India1 to assess the impact of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton on farmers in those regions.

Middle paleolithic assemblages from the Indian subcontinent before and after the Toba super-eruption

The Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) eruption, which occurred in Indonesia 74,000 years ago, is one of Earth's largest known volcanic events. The effect of the YTT eruption on existing populations of humans, and accordingly on the course of human evolution, is debated. Here we associate the YTT with archaeological assemblages at Jwalapuram, in the Jurreru River valley of southern India. Broad continuity of Middle Paleolithic technology across the YTT event suggests that hominins persisted regionally across this major eruptive event.

Cloud properties and their seasonal and diurnal variability from TOVS path-B

Eight years of cloud properties retrieved from Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) Observational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) observations aboard the NOAA polar orbiting satellites are presented. The relatively high spectral resolution of these instruments in the infrared allows especially reliable cirrus identification day and night. This dataset therefore provides complementary information to the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). According to this dataset, cirrus clouds cover about 27% of the earth and 45% of the Tropics, whereas ISCCP reports 19% and 25%, respectively. Both global datasets agree within 5% on the amount of single-layer low clouds, at 30%. From 1987 to 1995, global cloud amounts remained stable to within 2%. The seasonal cycle of cloud amount is in general stronger than its diurnal cycle and it is stronger than the one of effective cloud amount, the latter the relevant variable for radiative transfer. Maximum effective low cloud amount over ocean occurs in winter in SH subtropics in the early morning hours and in NH midlatitudes without diurnal cycle. Over land in winter the maximum is in the early afternoon, accompanied in the midlatitudes by thin cirrus. Over tropical land and in the other regions in summer, the maximum of mesoscale high opaque clouds occurs in the evening. Cirrus also increases during the afternoon and persists during night and early morning. The maximum of thin cirrus is in the early afternoon, then decreases slowly while cirrus and high opaque clouds increase. TOVS extends information of ISCCP during night, indicating that high cloudiness, increasing during the afternoon, persists longer during night in the Tropics and subtropics than in midlatitudes. A comparison of seasonal and diurnal cycle of high cloud amount between South America, Africa, and Indonesia during boreal winter has shown strong similarities between the two land regions, whereas the Indonesian islands show a seasonal and diurnal behavior strongly influenced by the surrounding ocean. Deeper precipitation systems over Africa than over South America do not seem to be directly reflected in the horizontal coverage and mesoscale effective emissivity of high clouds.

Geographical variation in the clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, reveals two species

The clouded leopard, Neofelis nebulosa, is an endangered semiarboreal felid with a wide distribution in tropical forests of southern and southeast Asia, including the islands of Sumatra and Borneo in the Indonesian archipelago [1]. In common with many larger animal species, it displays morphological variation within its wide geographical range and is currently regarded as comprising of up to four subspecies [2-4]. It is widely recognized that taxonomic designation has a major impact on conservation planning and action [5-8]. Given that the last taxonomic revision was made over 50 years ago [2], a more detailed examination of geographical variation is needed. We describe here the results of a morphometric analysis of the pelages of 57 clouded leopards sampled throughout the species' range. We conclude that there are two distinct morphological groups, which differ primarily in the size of their cloud markings. These results are supported by a recent genetic analysis [9]. On that basis, we give diagnoses for the distinction of two species, one in mainland Asia (N. nebulosa) and the other in Indonesia (N. diardi). The implications for conservation that arise from this new taxonomic arrangement are discussed.

Monitoring growth of hard corals as performance indicators for coral reefs

Digital videophotography, computer image analysis and physical measurements have been used to monitor sedimentation rates, coral cover, genera richness, rugosity and estimated recruitment dates of massive corals at three different sites in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia, and on the reefs around Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the Wakatobi Marine National Park indicated that coral mining was extensively practised, and is responsible for the absence of large non-branching corals on the Sampela reef Blast fishing is also practised in the Wakatobi Marine Park, and the authors, together with students, showed that blast fishing resulted in coral bleaching and not mortality of two Porites lutea colonies. In addition, we showed that monitoring of bleaching in Porites colonies induced by blast fishing could be a useful way of monitoring blast fishing practices in susceptible areas in the Indo-Pacific. The techniques used in this study are appropriate for use by volunteers with sufficient training, and provide excellent projects for dissertation students reading undergraduate degrees.

Calcium turns sinister in left-right asymmetry

A major challenge in deciphering the development of left-right asymmetry in vertebrates is uncovering how subtle early differences between the left and right sides are translated into robust differences in gene expression. Recently, Raya and colleagues suggested that asymmetric localization of extracellular calcium ions at the node could differentially modulate Notch signalling, resulting in asymmetric expression of the signalling molecule Nodal on the left side of the node. In this article, I examine the implications of this finding and explore their relevance to the evolution of asymmetry in vertebrates and invertebrates.

Population subdivision and molecular sequence variation: Theory and analysis of Drosophila ananassae data

Population subdivision complicates analysis of molecular variation. Even if neutrality is assumed, three evolutionary forces need to be considered: migration, mutation, and drift. Simplification can be achieved by assuming that the process of migration among and drift within subpopulations is occurring fast compared to Mutation and drift in the entire population. This allows a two-step approach in the analysis: (i) analysis of population subdivision and (ii) analysis of molecular variation in the migrant pool. We model population subdivision using an infinite island model, where we allow the migration/drift parameter Theta to vary among populations. Thus, central and peripheral populations can be differentiated. For inference of Theta, we use a coalescence approach, implemented via a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) integration method that allows estimation of allele frequencies in the migrant pool. The second step of this approach (analysis of molecular variation in the migrant pool) uses the estimated allele frequencies in the migrant pool for the study of molecular variation. We apply this method to a Drosophila ananassae sequence data set. We find little indication of isolation by distance, but large differences in the migration parameter among populations. The population as a whole seems to be expanding. A population from Bogor (Java, Indonesia) shows the highest variation and seems closest to the species center.

Transport in the low-latitude tropopause zone diagnosed using particle trajectories

Recent literature has described a “transition zone” between the average top of deep convection in the Tropics and the stratosphere. Here transport across this zone is investigated using an offline trajectory model. Particles were advected by the resolved winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalyses. For each boreal winter clusters of particles were released in the upper troposphere over the four main regions of tropical deep convection (Indonesia, central Pacific, South America, and Africa). Most particles remain in the troposphere, descending on average for every cluster. The horizontal components of 5-day trajectories are strongly influenced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but the Lagrangian average descent does not have a clear ENSO signature. Tropopause crossing locations are first identified by recording events when trajectories from the same release regions cross the World Meteorological Organization lapse rate tropopause. Most crossing events occur 5–15 days after release, and 30-day trajectories are sufficiently long to estimate crossing number densities. In a further two experiments slight excursions across the lapse rate tropopause are differentiated from the drift deeper into the stratosphere by defining the “tropopause zone” as a layer bounded by the average potential temperature of the lapse rate tropopause and the profile temperature minimum. Transport upward across this zone is studied using forward trajectories released from the lower bound and back trajectories arriving at the upper bound. Histograms of particle potential temperature (θ) show marked differences between the transition zone, where there is a slow spread in θ values about a peak that shifts slowly upward, and the troposphere below 350 K. There forward trajectories experience slow radiative cooling interspersed with bursts of convective heating resulting in a well-mixed distribution. In contrast θ histograms for back trajectories arriving in the stratosphere have two distinct peaks just above 300 and 350 K, indicating the sharp change from rapid convective heating in the well-mixed troposphere to slow ascent in the transition zone. Although trajectories slowly cross the tropopause zone throughout the Tropics, all three experiments show that most trajectories reaching the stratosphere from the lower troposphere within 30 days do so over the west Pacific warm pool. This preferred location moves about 30°–50° farther east in an El Niño year (1982/83) and about 30° farther west in a La Niña year (1988/89). These results could have important implications for upper-troposphere–lower-stratosphere pollution and chemistry studies.