SureThin: fixador de eleição em citologia de impressão ocular

A citologia de impressão da superfície ocular é uma técnica pouco invasiva que permite a análise de células da conjuntiva e da córnea, sendo uma alternativa aos esfregaços e punções. Desta forma, é indispensável garantir uma fase analítica eficiente. Na revisão bibliográfica encontram-se diversos agentes fixadores para este tipo de material, não sendo explícito o método de fixação mais eficaz. A fixação visa preservar os constituintes celulares quimicamente e estruturalmente, numa situação idêntica ao in vivo, estado este que é fundamental para a realização da técnica e consequente obtenção de um diagnóstico final correto. Objetivo do estudo - O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o melhor fixador para amostras de citologia de impressão ocular – SureThin, PreservCyt, etanol a 95% e uma mistura constituída por formaldeído a 37%, ácido acético glacial e etanol a 70% (FAA 70%).

Variação dos parâmetros paleomagnéticos em perfis dos Tufos de Condeixa (Baixo Mondego, Portugal)

Paleomagnetic parameters measured in 4 outcrops of the Tufos de Condeixa are presented. The directional signatures allow the admission of the Reversed Polarity Criptchron C1n-1 in the Condeixa-a-Velha outcrop. It was possible to discuss the magnetic properties, origin of the magnetic grains and paleoclimatic variation relationships. The downward of the initial magnetization and magnetic susceplibility values in the Condeixa-a-Velha outcrop coincide with the Cln-1 (504-493 Ka) occurrence and may represent a paleoclimatic variation. The Tufos de Condeixa were formed during the Ionian-Tarentian(?).

The insular shelves of the Faial-Pico Ridge (Azores archipelago): a morphological record of its evolution

Shelves surrounding reefless volcanic ocean islands are formed by surf erosion of their slopes during changing sea levels. Posterosional lava flows, if abundant, can cross the coastal cliffs and fill partially or completely the accommodation space left by erosion. In this study, multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, and sediment samples are used to characterize the morphology of the insular shelves adjacent to Pico Island. The data show offshore fresh lava flow morphologies, as well as an irregular basement beneath shelf sedimentary bodies and reduced shelf width adjacent to older volcanic edifices in Pico. These observations suggest that these shelves have been significantly filled by volcanic progradation and can thus be classified as rejuvenated. Despite the general volcanic infilling of the shelves around Pico, most of their edges are below the depth of the Last Glacial Maximum, revealing that at least parts of the island have subsided after the shelves formed by surf erosion. Prograding lava deltas reached the shelf edge in some areas triggering small slope failures, locally decreasing the shelf width and depth of their edges. These areas can represent a significant risk for the local population; hence, their identification can be useful for hazard assessment and contribute to wiser land use planning. Shelf and subaerial geomorphology, magnetic anomalies and crustal structure data of the two islands were also interpreted to reconstruct the long-term combined onshore and offshore evolution of the Faial-Pico ridge. The subaerial emergence of this ridge is apparently older than previously thought, i.e., before approximate to 850 ka.

Generation of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies of IgG class against native β-d-glucans from basidiomycete mushrooms

β-d-glucans from basidiomycete strains are powerful immunomodulatory agents in several clinical conditions. Therefore, their assay, purification and characterization are of great interest to understand their structure-function relationship. Hybridoma cell fusion was used to raise monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against extracellular β-d-glucans (EBGs) from Pleurotus ostreatus. Two of the hybridoma clones (1E6-1E8-B5 and 3E8-3B4) secreting Mabs against EBGs were selected. This hybridoma cell line secreted Mabs of the IgG class which were then purified by hydroxyapatite chromatography to apparent homogeneity on native and SDS-PAGE. Mabs secreted by 1E6-1E8-B5 clone were found to recognize a common epitope on several β-d-glucans from different basidiomycete strains. This Mab exhibited high affinity constant (KA) for β-d-glucans from several mushroom strains in the range of 3.20 × 109 ± 3.32 × 103-1.51 × 1013 ± 3.58 × 107 L/mol. Moreover, they reacted to some heat-treated β-d-glucans in a different mode when compared with the native forms; these data suggest that this Mab binds to a conformational epitope on the β-d-glucan molecule. The epitope-binding studies of Mabs obtained from 1E6-1E8-B5 and 3E8-3B4 revealed that the Mabs bind to the same epitope on some β-d-glucans and to different epitopes in other antigen molecules. Therefore, these Mabs can be used to assay for β-d-glucan from basidiomycete mushrooms. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Genetic diversity of arginine catabolic mobile element in Staphylococcus epidermidis

PLos One, 4(11): ARTe7722

Minimal Criteria for the Diagnosis of Avulsion of the Puborectalis Muscle by Tomographic Ultrasound

Introduction and hypothesis Puborectalis avulsion is a likely etiological factor for female pelvic organ prolapse(FPOP). We performed a study to establish minimal sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of avulsion. Methods We analysed datasets of 764 women seen at a urogynecological service. Offline analysis of ultrasound datasets was performed blinded to patient data. Tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) was used to diagnose avulsion of the puborectalis muscle. Results Logistic regression modelling of TUI data showed that complete avulsion is best diagnosed by requiring the three central tomographic slices to be abnormal. This finding was obtained in 30% of patients and was associated with symptoms and signs of FPOP (P<0.001). Lesser degrees of trauma (‘partial avulsion’) were not associated with symptoms or signs of pelvic floor dysfunction. Conclusions Complete avulsion of the puborectalis muscle is best diagnosed on TUI by requiring all three central slices to be abnormal. Partial trauma seems of limited clinical relevance.

The relationship between knowledge acquisition on international assignments and career development: an exploratory study with portuguese repatriates

This paper explores the relationship between the expatriates’ knowledge acquisition (KA) and their career development after an international assignment (IA). The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of expatriates in KA and transfer within International Portuguese multinational corporations. Furthermore, with this empirical study we try to analyse how the knowledge that is acquired and transferred translates into a basis for career development after the IA. This phenomenon has a special relevance in the Portuguese context, because this country is known a growing process of globalization in recent years. Furthermore, (a) there are no empirical studies concerning knowledge transfer and career development of repatriates from Portuguese companies; (b) little is known about the repatriates’ contributions to their home company after IA. This paper is one of the first to focus specifically on the repatriates’ role in KA and transfer from the host company to their Portuguese home company. A qualitative research methodology is used, specifically through an exploratory case study approach, which examines how knowledge management (KM) acquisition or transferring during IA are important for the repatriates’ career development in the Portuguese home company. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews to 42 Portuguese international assignees and 18 organizational representatives from nine Portuguese companies. Preliminary results show that KA and transfer made by Portuguese expatriates contributes directly to their career development. Moreover, evidence reveals that not all repatriates were promoted after their IA; rather some repatriates were even demoted after their IA. Furthermore, the results obtained suggest that the type of knowledge which acquired or transferred plays a central role in the career development after repatriation. According to these results, the paper discusses the major theoretical and practical implications. Suggestions for future research are also presented.

Impacto da quantidade de água na cor de uma antocianidina (Luteolinidina

A luteolinidina é um corante natural responsável pela cor do sorgo, da família das antocianidinas e antocianinas responsáveis pela cor vermelha de alguns frutos silvestres tais como o morango e a framboesa. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi verificar o impacto da remoção de água na cor da luteolinidina usando como modelo misturas de solvente orgânico/água a diferentes pHs, para simular a mudança de polaridade durante a secagem. Os estudos efetuados por espectroscopia de absorção UV/Visível permitiram a identificação das várias espécies em equilíbrio, nomeadamente catião flavílio (AH+), base quinoidal (A) e chalcona trans (Ct), sendo as primeiras (AH+ e A) responsáveis pela cor. O favorecimento da formação de Ct leva a perda de cor. A quantificação da perda de cor foi feita através do cálculo das constantes de formação de A (Ka) e Ct (KhKtKi) nas diversas misturas estudadas. Os resultados obtidos permitem prever que os alimentos contendo luteolinidina devem sofrer perda de cor durante o processo de secagem, uma vez que a diminuição da percentagem de água nas misturas favorece a formação de Ct. Como tal, foi também testado o efeito da adição de acetato de sódio às misturas, como potencial co-pigmento. Verificou-se que o acetato contribui para a manutenção de cor durante o processo de redução de água, favorecendo formação de base quinoidal (A), espécie corada, que é menos sensível às reações que levam à perca de cor (hidratação). Isto abre a perspetiva da utilização de estabilizadores de cor durante a secagem.

Efeito da aplicação de calcário e micronutrientes em latossolo amarelo da Amazônia Central

O efeito de diferentes níveis de colagem na presença de micronutrientes, foram testados na cultuha da soja, em Latossolo Amarelo da Amazônia Central, sob três áreas com diferentes maneiras de preparo do solo: desmatamento seguido da queima de floresta primária; desmatamento seguido da retirada da floresta primária com aso de maquinas e desmatamento seguido da queima de vegetação de capoeira. As produções obtidas com as doses 1, 3 c 5 ton/ka, na ausência de micronutrientes, não diferiram estatísticamente da testemunha (0 ton/ha). No entanto, com a aplicação de 2 ton/calcário mais micronutrientes, o aumento de produção foi bastante pronunciado. 0s menores rendimentos foram obtidos no solo preparo com o uso de máquinas. A disponibilidade de nutrientes em Latossolo Amarelo, assim como o preparo de solo é discutido.

Primate populations in continuous forest and forest fragments in Central Amazonia

Population densities of six primate species (Saguinus midas, Pithecia pithecia, Cebus apella, Chiropotes satanas, Alouatta seniculus and Ateles paniscus) were estimated in continuous forest and in isolated reserves (one of 100 ha and four of 10 ha). Saguinusdensities in the continuous forest were found to be low, probably due to the lack of edge habitat and second growth favoured by them; Pithecia, Cebus and Ateles populations are also low, possibly because of more widely distributed and/or less abundant food sources than is true for other Amazonian regions, although hunting in the past, particularly of Ateles may also be a contributing factor; and Chiropotes and Alouatta densities were found to be similar to those observed in other areas of Amazonas forests. Ateles and Chiropotes, which occupy ranges on the order of three km2 were excluded from the 100-ka reserve at the time of its isolation. Unfortunately populations were not known prior to isolation of this reserve but during isolation there remained four groups of Saguinus, two Pitheciagroups, one Cebus groups and five Alouatta groups. One Saguinus group disappeared two months later, and one year post-isolation the Cebus group also left the reserve. Single Alouatta groups survive in the isolated 10-ha reserves. Saguinus, present in the four 10-ha reserves following isolation, have disappeared from two of them. One 10-ha reserve retains a group of Pithecia.

60,000 years of interactions between Central and Eastern Africa documented by major African mitochondrial haplogroup L2

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup L2 originated in Western Africa but is nowadays spread across the entire continent. L2 movements were previously postulated to be related to the Bantu expansion, but L2 expansions eastwards probably occurred much earlier. By reconstructing the phylogeny of L2 (44 new complete sequences) we provide insights on the complex net of within-African migrations in the last 60 thousand years (ka). Results show that lineages in Southern Africa cluster with Western/Central African lineages at a recent time scale, whereas, eastern lineages seem to be substantially more ancient. Three moments of expansion from a Central African source are associated to L2: (1) one migration at 70-50 ka into Eastern or Southern Africa, (2) postglacial movements (15-10 ka) into Eastern Africa; and (3) the southward Bantu Expansion in the last 5 ka. The complementary population and L0a phylogeography analyses indicate no strong evidence of mtDNA gene flow between eastern and southern populations during the later movement, suggesting low admixture between Eastern African populations and the Bantu migrants. This implies that, at least in the early stages, the Bantu expansion was mainly a demic diffusion with little incorporation of local populations.

A genetic perspective on African prehistory

The various genetic systems (mitochondrial DNA, the Y-chromosome and the genome-wide autosomes) indicate that Africa is the most genetically diverse continent in the world and the most likely place of origin for anatomically modern humans. However, where in Africa modern humans arose and how the current genetic makeup within the continent was shaped is still open to debate. Here, we summarize the debate and focus especially on the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and a recently revised chronology for the African mtDNA tree. We discuss the possible origin of modern humans in southern, eastern or Central Africa; the possibility of a migration from southern to eastern Africa more than 100 ka, carrying lineages within mtDNA haplogroup L0; the evidence for a climate-change-mediated population expansion in eastern Africa involving mtDNA haplogroup L3, leading to the “out-of-Africa” migration around 70–60 ka; the re-population of North Africa from the Near East around 40–30 ka suggested by mtDNA haplogroups U6 and M1; the evidence for population expansions and dispersals across the continent at the onset of the Holocene ; and the impact of the Bantu dispersals in Central, eastern and southern Africa within the last few millennia.

ძველი საქართველო. ტომი I

„საქართველოს საისტორიო და საეთნოგრაფიო საზოგადოების“ მიერ გამოცემულია კრებული „ძველი საქართველო“, რომელშიც მოთავსებულია როგორც რეფერატები და გამოკვლევები, ისე ყოველგვარი მასალა საქართველოს ეთნოგრაფიის და წარსულის შესახებ. პირველი ტომი შეიცავს ექვს განყოფილებას. პირველ განყოფილებაში მოთავსებულია ნეკროლოგები ალექსანდრე ეპისკოპოსისა, ნიკოლოზ ხიზანიშვილისა და ალექსანდრე ჭყონიასი; მეორეში - რეფერატები, რომლებიც წაკითხული იყო საზოგადოების კრებაზე; მესამეში საისტორიო და სალიტერატურო მასალანი; მეოთხეში სახალხო სიტყვიერება; მეხუთეში ხალხური სიმღერები ნოტებზე გადატანილი და მეექვსეში საზოგადოების კრებათა ოქმები და წევრთა სია.

ცოტნე დადიანი

გრიგოლ აბრაშიძე (1914-1994) დიდი ქართველი პოეტი, მწერალი და მთარგმნელი. მნიშვნელოვანია აბაშიძის ისტორიული რომანები , რომლებიც საქართველოს წარსულს ეხება: “ლაშარელა” (1957), “დიდი ღამე” (1963), “ცოტნე ანუ ქართველთა ამაღლება და დაცემა” (1971); “ყორნალი” (1967); პიესისა “მოგზაურობა სამ დროში”. პოეტმა შექმნა მრავლისმთქმელი პატრიოტული ხასიათის პოემები - “ძლევის ქედი”, “ზარზმის ზმანება”, “ციხის ლეგენდა”, “გიორგი VI”. 1964 წელს გამოსცა მოთხრობათა კრებული “შემოღამება ქვევრში”.

ლექსები

ლექსები: სიდგან მოფრინდი, სად, ვისთან; ვარდი ატირდა; სიმღერა; სატრფოს; კითხვა-მიგება კითხვა; მიგება; მაცდურო, შენ ის საღამო; მთას; საამო მოგონება; რას მიქვია მწუხარება; გაზაფხულის ამო ძალა; პოემა; მწირი (მიხეილ ლერმონტოვი)