727 resultados para Internationales Privatrecht


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The achievement rate of recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets of < 1.8 mmol/l for secondary prevention in very high risk patients is difficult. Observational studies reported that loss of function mutation of the PCS9 was associated with LDL-C decrease level and reduction of cardiovascular events. Monoclonal antibodies to PCSK9 (REGN727 and AMG 145, PSCK9 inhibitors) have been tested in clinical studies of phase I and II and showed LDL-C level reduction of 60-70% compared to placebo. This approach appears safe and well-tolerated. The PCSK9 inhibitors are now tested in large phase III clinical studies to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of this new promising approach.

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For decades, if not centuries, the term imperialism has been used in manifold and ambivalent ways. Some historians, such as William Hancock, therefore shied away from using it in their texts, while others set up theories to explain as much as possible with regard to the European expansion into the non-European world – and in some cases even beyond. Taking the three cases of German colonial policy before 1890, the granting of “responsible government” to the so-called British dominions and the expansion of British power in South Asia from the mid-eighteenth century to 1914, this article seeks to show to what extent a knowledge of both older and more recent theories of imperialism can still be useful for empirical research in the humanities and the social sciences.

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In 2014, the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) adopted seven panel reports and six Appellate Body rulings. Two of the cases relate to anti-dumping measures. Three cases, comprising five complaints, are of particular interest and these are summarized and discussed below. China – Rare Earths further refines the relationship between protocols of accession and the general provisions of WTO agreements, in particular the exceptions of Article XX GATT. Recourse to that provision is no longer excluded but depends on a careful case-by-case analysis. While China failed to comply with the conditions for export restrictions, the case reiterates the problem of insufficiently developed disciplines on export restrictions on strategic minerals and other commodities in WTO law. EC – Seals Products is a landmark case for two reasons. Firstly, it limits the application of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement) resulting henceforth in a narrow reading of technical regulations. Normative rules prescribing conditions for importation are to be dealt with under the rules of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) instead. Secondly, the ruling permits recourse to public morals in justifying import restrictions essentially on the basis of process and production methods (PPMs). Meanwhile, the more detailed implications for extraterritorial application of such rules and for the concept of PPMs remain open as these key issues were not raised by the parties to the case. Peru – Agricultural Products adds to the interpretation of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), but most importantly, it confirms the existing segregation of WTO law and the law of free trade agreements. The case is of particular importance for Switzerland in its relations with the European Union (EU). The case raises, but does not fully answer, the question whether in a bilateral agreement, Switzerland or the EU can, as a matter of WTO law, lawfully waive their right of lodging complaints against each other under WTO law within the scope of their bilateral agreement, for example the Agreement on Agriculture where such a clause exists.

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In der Diskussion über die vertragliche Übervorteilung wird üblicherweise die Vertragsfreiheit der Vertragsgerechtigkeit gegenübergestellt. Die vorliegende Freiburger Dissertation, welche das Thema rechtsvergleichend angeht, erachtet diese Dichotomie als fragwürdig. Nach der darin vertretenden Auffassung bleibt das Prinzip der Privatautonomie durch die Erfordernisse der Vertragsgerechtigkeit unangetastet. Vor diesem Hintergrund enthüllt der Autor die Motive neuzeitlicher Rechtsentwicklungen auf dem Gebiete der Übervorteilung, die namentlich auch darauf abzielen, menschliches Verhalten im Rechtsverkehr durch eine weitgehende Flexibilisierung des Rechtsfolgenapparates voraussehbar zu machen. Die Rechtsfolgenseite der Übervorteilung beschränkt sich demzufolge nicht nur auf eine Vertragsanfechtung. Vielmehr umfasst sie auch verschiedene Arten der Vertragsmodifikation, einen allfälligen Schadensersatzanspruch, die Verleihung von Befugnissen an die Gegenpartei sowie die Abstufung der Rechtsfolgen. Die Vielfalt denkbarer Lösungen im Umgang mit der Übervorteilung, die sich aus der Rechtsvergleichung ergibt, wird unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Rechtsgeschichte bestätigt. Die historisch-rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung, welche die Arbeit enthält, veranschaulicht die Entwicklung der Rechtsfolgen in den europäischen Privatrechten. Unter Einbezug der laesio enormis des Römischen Rechts als tertium comparationis beleuchtet der Autor das schweizerische, italienische, polnische und niederländische Privatrecht. Er zeigt auch das Entwicklungspotenzial des Rechtsinstituts anhand einer Analyse des supranationalen soft law auf.