Innovación educativa en la enseñanza de literatura en la facultad de filología de la UCM en el marco del EEES.

Las siguientes líneas muestran la relevancia de la adquisición de competencia en el manejo de información en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y resumen la trayectoria innovadora e investigadora del grupo Literaturas Españolas y Europeas del Texto al Hipertexto (L.E.E.T.Hi.), cuya orientación que tiene como ejes fundamentales los patrones didácticos de la Convergencia Europea y el empleo de los soportes hipertextuales como espacios, no sólo de representación y documentación, sino de generación de nuevas formas de aprendizaje. La investigación de LEETHI se centra en la docencia de las literaturas a través de estos espacios, que generan nuevas formas de lectura y de adquisición de conocimientos de manera asociativa y que, a través de los textos literarios, propician encuentros entre disciplinas y culturas diversas.

How do I set up my thesis so it meets the University's Page Setup regulations for paper size and margins?

This video shows how to ensure the document: • has mirror margins that alternate on left and right hand pages • is A4 in size • has margins that are in-line with the regulations • has its major sections starting on the right hand (odd numbered) page Although this video shows how to perform these tasks in Word 2010, they are virtually identical in Word 2013. In Word 2011 for Mac the steps are very similar and precise details can be found in the Word 2011 Sections manual.

Neuromarketing: en las ventas

El mundo empresarial ha cambiado a través de los años, con el pasar del tiempo se ha vuelto más dinámico, más competido, mas conglomerado, hoy el mundo organizacional se ha expandido de manera tal que casi existen empresas de todo tipo, con variedad de actividades, razones sociales y cada una de ellas perteneciendo y conformado los diferentes sectores de la industria. El mayor reto que una empresa debe enfrentar en tiempos actuales es la capacidad de permanecer competente en el mercado, que perdure en el tiempo y más importante aún que sepa satisfacer las necesidades de sus clientes, sus gustos, sus deseos. El cliente uno de los eslabones claves más importantes para que una empresa sea exitosa, lograr la fidelización de marca (o hacia la misma empresa) y estar siempre en la capacidad de ofrecerle lo que desea encontrar (productos, bienes, servicios) por medio de la innovación y diferenciación. Este trabajo de investigación permitirá al lector conocer una de las herramientas que pueden hacer esto posible, informará cómo se puede llegar a conocer los deseos, y los factores determinantes que llevan a realizar una compra en dicho consumidor con técnicas incursionando en lo más profundo del consumidor (el cerebro), cómo piensa, que espera recibir y todo esto a través de la aplicación del Neuromarketing como influencia en el proceso de compra del consumidor, todo esto con el complemento del trade marketing que entra a impulsar las ventas y la captura del consumidor a través de la comercialización de los productos, mayor rotación de los canales de venta, el manejo en sí de marca que se le da a un producto. El trade marketing es ante todo un cambio de mentalidad para enfrentar las nuevas tendencias y requerimientos del mercado junto con los del consumidor.

Cambio político y consolidación democrática en México. Los límites del modelo de las transiciones a la democracia

 Este texto plantea una reflexión sobre el estado actual de la democracia en México. Para ello se basa en una lectura crítica de las interpretaciones de la transición mexicana. Estas últimas subrayan el carácter sui generis e incompleto de dicha transición, cuya conclusión no ha significado una discontinuidad clara entre la etapa autoritaria y la de consolidación democrática. Nuestro planteamiento consiste en mostrar que los límites actuales de la democracia mexicana, en parte identificables como problemas de consolidación, dejan dudas sobre la llegada de la democracia a México. Lo ilustramos en torno a la pluralización aparente del sistema de partidos, a la cual los actores y estructuras autoritarias han sabido adaptarse, y en torno a la débil consolidación del Estado de derecho y las instituciones, amenazadas por la ascensión vertiginosa del crimen organizado. La combinación de las recomposiciones autoritarias y de esas nuevas amenazas no se reduce a meras herencias autoritarias, en un contexto supuestamente democrático, ni tampoco admite la hipótesis de una transición inconclusa. Implica más bien una huida hacia delante, la cual oscila entre la democracia y su negación, así como entre las herencias del pasado y un cambio mal asimilado, obligando a revisar el modelo de análisis de las transiciones a la democracia, parcialmente pertinente, pero demasiado lineal y reductor.-----This paper proposes a reflection on the current status of democracy in Mexico. For this purpose, it has been based on an analytical reading of interpretations to the Mexican transition. They highlight the sui generis and unfinished nature of such transition, whose completion has not entailed a clear discontinuity between the authoritarian phase and the democratic consolidation phase. Our approach consists in showing that the current limitations of Mexican democracy, which are in part identifiable as consolidation issues, leave doubts about the arrival of democracy to Mexico. This is illustrated around the supposed plurality of the party system, to which the actors and power structures have adapted, and around the weak consolidation of the constitutional state and the institutions, threatened by the dramatic escalation of organized crime. The combination of authoritarian recomposition and such new threats is not a mere authoritarian inheritance, in what is a supposed democratic context, nor does it agree with the hypothesis of an unconcluded transition. It rather implies fleeing forwards, which in itself oscillates between democracy and its denial as well as between past legacies and a badly assimilated change, thus forcing us to review the analytical model for transitions to democracy which is relevant in part, but far too linear and minimizing.

Genealogía de la diversidad : la diversidad cultural como poder constituyente

El motivo de este artículo es analizar la trayectoria mutante de la diversidad cultural, con el objetivo de entender su importancia en las políticas públicas contemporáneas. Para ello se repasan los distintos períodos históricos por los que cruza este concepto. En la noción de diversidad cultural converge la lucha por los derechos civiles y políticos de los inmigrantes africanos y asiáticos así como, la crítica a las visiones del desarrollo político y las teorías coloniales y postcoloniales que sitúan el debate sobre las relaciones culturales entre el norte y el resto del mundo a mediados del siglo XX. En un segundo momento los territorios de lo diverso amplían sus actores, enfoques y tramas y los estudios culturales de corriente crítica reconocen estas rupturas obligando a la toma de decisiones políticas en materia de cultura. En 1997 y como síntesis a estos procesos, la Comisión Mundial de Cultura y Desarrollo publica el Informe Mundial sobre la Diversidad Cultural, documento fundamental cuyo impacto se ve reducido por una tendencia al multiculturalismo laxo propio de la orientación ultraliberal. En 2010, el Informe Mundial de la UNESCO 'Invertir en la diversidad cultural y el diálogo intercultural' sitúa definitivamente la diversidad como poder constitutivo de las políticas no solo de desarrollo sino también de participación democrática y uno de los asuntos más esenciales de las agendas contemporáneas

Signal processing of microstructure profiles: integrating turbulent spatial scales in aquatic ecological modeling

The main objective of this thesis was the integration of microstructure information in synoptic descriptors of turbulence, that reflects the mixing processes. Turbulent patches are intermittent in space and time, but they represent the dominant process for mixing. In this work, the properties of turbulent patches were considered the potential input for integrating the physical microscale measurements. The development of a method for integrating the properties of the turbulent patches required solving three main questions: a) how can we detect the turbulent patches from he microstructure measurements?; b) which are the most relevant properties of the turbulent patches?; and ) once an interval of time has been selected, what kind of synoptic parameters could better reflect the occurrence and properties of the turbulent patches? The answers to these questions were the final specific objectives of this thesis.

Zambujeira e Serra do Calvo: uma equipa júnior de futsal em evolução

RESUMO: O Futsal é uma modalidade em plena ascensão e com crescente popularidade em Portugal e no Mundo, com a particularidade de ser a modalidade com mais praticantes femininos em Portugal. Neste relatório pretendo apresentar a forma como interpreto o jogo e o treino de Futsal, aplicando os conhecimentos alcançados ao longo de dois anos de estudo da modalidade, no meu percurso académico e nos seis anos como treinador principal. Ao longo do relatório irei evidenciar os aspectos fundamentais da minha visão sobre o processo de treino através da elaboração de um Modelo de Jogo coerente e adequado à realidade do Grupo Desportivo Cultural e Recreativo Zambujeira e Serra do Calvo, no escalão de Júnior “A”. Cabe ao treinador a criação de um Modelo de Jogo a atingir, em que este irá direccionar todo o processo de treino através de intervenções ajustadas à jogadora de acordo com situação em que está inserida. Ao longo do processo de treino, o treinador tem que saber observar e analisar os contextos em que o clube, equipa e competição se inserem, de modo a que consiga elaborar e dotar o planeamento de uma flexibilidade desejável. ABSTRACT: The Futsal is a sport booming in popularity in Portugal and the World, with the distinction of being the sport with more female athlete’s in Portugal. In this report, I intend to present the way I play the game of Futsal, by training and applying the knowledge, achieved over two years of studying the sport during my academic background and over six years as head coach. Throughout the report will highlight the fundamental aspects of my vision of the training process by developing a coherent model of game and suitable for the reality of the Cultural and Recreational Sports Group Zambujeira E Serra do Calvo in Junior "A" team. It is the coach responsibility to create a game model to be achieved this is the model that will direct the entire training process through adjusted interventions to the player according to the situation in which it operates. Throughout the training process, the coach has to know how to observe and analyze the contexts in which the club, team and competition is been held, so he can prepare and provide the planning of a desirable flexibility if necessary the possible changes.

Fagoterapia como alternativa ao uso dos antibióticos convencionais

Nas últimas décadas, a investigação de antibióticos com novos mecanismos de acção, tem vindo a ser motivada pela contínua emergência de estirpes bacterianas multirresistentes. No entanto, nos últimos anos esse desenvolvimento tem vindo a abrandar, o que representa um grave problema de saúde pública. Antes da era dos antibióticos a fagoterapia representava a terapêutica de primeira linha no tratamento de infecções bacterianas. Como a ausência de recursos impossibilitava a compreensão dos mecanismos de acção moleculares do fago, a fagoterapia era apenas sustentada pelo conhecimento empírico. A ausência de conhecimento associada ao início da era dos antibióticos foram condições suficientes para que a terapêutica fágica fosse posta de parte, à excepção de alguns países da Europa do Leste. De acordo com a literatura disponibilizada por estes países, vários têm sido os casos de sucesso no tratamento de infecções bacterianas, incluindo infecções causadas por estirpes multirresistentes aos antibióticos convencionais. No entanto, contrariamente aos ensaios clínicos, a maioria destes estudos omite informação crítica que impossibilita a interpretação dos respectivos resultados. Actualmente, as novas ferramentas oferecidas pelos avanços biotecnológicos possibilitam não só a compreensão do mecanismo de infecção bacteriana como também permitem compreender melhor a interacção entre os bacteriófagos e o organismo humano. Como tal, no futuro, a fagoterapia pode ser considerada uma alternativa efectiva para solucionar os casos críticos de multirresistência bacteriana aos antibióticos convencionais.

Nanotecnologia aplicada à pele

A nanotecnologia foi introduzida nas áreas farmacêutica e cosmética, com o propósito de possibilitar o desenvolvimento de sistemas de veiculação de substâncias e para a optimização das formulações já existentes. As preparações de aplicação tópica têm elevada importância nas perspectivas terapêutica e cosmética, uma vez que a pele apresenta uma área de aplicação extensa e acessível, os efeitos sistémicos das substâncias a administrar por via tópica encontram-se geralmente reduzidos, exercendo na maioria das vezes um efeito local. Mais, a esta via estão normalmente associadas menos reacções adversas. Todavia, a pele é um órgão, dotado de um efeito barreira notável, que pode comprometer a administração de moléculas farmacológica/cosmetologicamente activas no alvo. Assim, é evidente a necessidade de conhecer a constituição da pele, pois a permeabilidade cutânea de substâncias é um desafio que só pode ser conseguido através da preparação de formulações capazes de ultrapassar essa mesma barreira. O trabalho exposto aborda sucintamente a nanocosmética, pois esta tem revelado elevados impactos económico, social e científico. A inexistência de informação sobre quais os produtos actualmente comercializados, cuja produção tenha por base a nanotecnologia, suscitaram o interesse em desenvolver uma revisão sobre esses mesmos produtos, assim como esclarecer alguns aspectos relacionados com as características da pele, que justificam o investimento e estudo exaustivo deste tipo de preparações.

Wiggle-match dating of tree-ring sequences

Given the non-monotonic form of the radiocarbon calibration curve, the precision of single C-14 dates on the calendar timescale will always be limited. One way around this limitation is through comparison of time-series, which should exhibit the same irregular patterning as the calibration curve. This approach can be employed most directly in the case of wood samples with many years growth present (but not able to be dated by dendrochronology), where the tree-ring series of unknown date can be compared against the similarly constructed C-14 calibration curve built from known-age wood. This process of curve-fitting has come to be called "wiggle-matching." In this paper, we look at the requirements for getting good precision by this method: sequence length, sampling frequency, and measurement precision. We also look at 3 case studies: one a piece of wood which has been independently dendrochronologically dated, and two others of unknown age relating to archaeological activity at Silchester, UK (Roman) and Miletos, Anatolia (relating to the volcanic eruption at Thera).

Global hydrology modelling and uncertainty: running multiple ensembles with a campus grid.

Uncertainties associated with the representation of various physical processes in global climate models (GCMs) mean that, when projections from GCMs are used in climate change impact studies, the uncertainty propagates through to the impact estimates. A complete treatment of this ‘climate model structural uncertainty’ is necessary so that decision-makers are presented with an uncertainty range around the impact estimates. This uncertainty is often underexplored owing to the human and computer processing time required to perform the numerous simulations. Here, we present a 189-member ensemble of global river runoff and water resource stress simulations that adequately address this uncertainty. Following several adaptations and modifications, the ensemble creation time has been reduced from 750 h on a typical single-processor personal computer to 9 h of high-throughput computing on the University of Reading Campus Grid. Here, we outline the changes that had to be made to the hydrological impacts model and to the Campus Grid, and present the main results. We show that, although there is considerable uncertainty in both the magnitude and the sign of regional runoff changes across different GCMs with climate change, there is much less uncertainty in runoff changes for regions that experience large runoff increases (e.g. the high northern latitudes and Central Asia) and large runoff decreases (e.g. the Mediterranean). Furthermore, there is consensus that the percentage of the global population at risk to water resource stress will increase with climate change.

Simulation of crop yields using ERA-40: Limits to skill and nonstationarity in weather-yield relationships

Reanalysis data provide an excellent test bed for impacts prediction systems. because they represent an upper limit on the skill of climate models. Indian groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yields have been simulated using the General Large-Area Model (GLAM) for annual crops and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40-yr reanalysis (ERA-40). The ability of ERA-40 to represent the Indian summer monsoon has been examined. The ability of GLAM. when driven with daily ERA-40 data, to model both observed yields and observed relationships between subseasonal weather and yield has been assessed. Mean yields "were simulated well across much of India. Correlations between observed and modeled yields, where these are significant. are comparable to correlations between observed yields and ERA-40 rainfall. Uncertainties due to the input planting window, crop duration, and weather data have been examined. A reduction in the root-mean-square error of simulated yields was achieved by applying bias correction techniques to the precipitation. The stability of the relationship between weather and yield over time has been examined. Weather-yield correlations vary on decadal time scales. and this has direct implications for the accuracy of yield simulations. Analysis of the skewness of both detrended yields and precipitation suggest that nonclimatic factors are partly responsible for this nonstationarity. Evidence from other studies, including data on cereal and pulse yields, indicates that this result is not particular to groundnut yield. The detection and modeling of nonstationary weather-yield relationships emerges from this study as an important part of the process of understanding and predicting the impacts of climate variability and change on crop yields.

Uptake pathways: the potential of Bayesian belief networks to assist the management, monitoring and evaluation of development-orientated research

The effectiveness of development assistance has come under renewed scrutiny in recent years. In an era of growing economic liberalisation, research organisations are increasingly being asked to account for the use of public funds by demonstrating achievements. However, in the natural resources (NR) research field, conventional economic assessment techniques have focused on quantifying the impact achieved rather understanding the process that delivered it. As a result, they provide limited guidance for planners and researchers charged with selecting and implementing future research. In response, “pathways” or logic models have attracted increased interest in recent years as a remedy to this shortcoming. However, as commonly applied these suffer from two key limitations in their ability to incorporate risk and assess variance from plan. The paper reports the results of a case study that used a Bayesian belief network approach to address these limitations and outlines its potential value as a tool to assist the planning, monitoring and evaluation of development-orientated research.

Expression profiles in the progression of ductal carcinoma in the breast

An understanding of the multi-step nature of cancer as it is in the breast, as a series of pivotal genetic/epigenetic modifications is irrefutably a milestone in diagnostics, prognostics and eventually providing a cure. Here we have utilised a variant of analysis of variance (ANOVA) as a model for the identification and tracking of specific mRNA species whose transcription has been significantly altered at each grade in the progression of ductal carcinoma, making it possible to correlate histological progression with the genetic events underlying breast cancer. We show that in the progression of ductal carcinomas, from grade 1 to 3, there is a reduction in the actual number of mRNA species, which are significantly over or under expressed. We also show that this technique can be employed to generate differential gene expression patterns, whereby the combined expression profile of the tailored spectra of genes in the comparison of each ductal grade is sufficient to render them on clearly separate arms of an array-wise hierarchical cluster dendrogram.

A catemer-to-dimer structural transformation in cyheptamide

A catemeric crystal structure of cyheptamide undergoes a transformation in the solid-state upon heating to produce a dimer-based form whose structure has been determined from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction ( XRPD) data, thereby providing the first conclusive evidence of a carbamazepine analogue crystallising in both hydrogen bonded motifs.