698 resultados para Insecta


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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Caracterizou-se a estrutura das comunidades macrobentônicas em diferentes áreas e períodos climáticos da Reserva Biológica do Lago Piratuba (Amapá - Brasil). As amostragens ocorreram nos meses de junho e novembro de 2005 (cinturão lacustre meridional- lagos Comprido de cima, Bacia, Lodão, Grande, Canal Tabaco e Comprido de. baixo e foz do rio Araguari) e 2006 (cinturão lacustre oriental - lagos Piratuba, Jussara, Escara, Trindade, Maresia e Boiado e Rego do Duarte e sete locais da costa (áreas vegetada e não vegetada). Em cada local foram coletadas quatro amostras, com tubo de PVC de 0,0079 m2 , enterrado 20 cm no sedimento. Após coletadas as amostras foram passadas em malha de nylon de 0,3 mm de abertura e os organismos retidos fixados em formalina a 5%. A estrutura das comunidades variou sazonalmente, com marcantes modificações na densidade, composição específica, número de espécies, equitabilidade e diversidade entre ocasiões de amostragem e entre lagos e costa. Foram identificados 54 táxons pertencentes aos filos: Annelida , Arthropoda , Mollusca e Nemertea . No período chuvoso foram registrados 36 táxons e o seco 42. Annelida foi o táxon mais abundante, representando sempre mais que 48% do total de organismos. Os lagos foram dominados por larvas de Insecta , Mollusca e Oligochaeta . Na costa Polychaeta e Crustácea dominaram. Registrou-se nos lagos 32 táxons e densidade média de 667 ind.m -2 . Na costa foram identificados 34 táxons e 1353 ind.m -2 .A área não vegetada da costa foi mais rica, densa e equitativa. O cinturão lacustre meridional e o cinturão lacustre oriental responderam de forma distinta as mudanças sazonais nos seus descritores. Foram identificados três sub-ambientes para a comunidade bentônica: ambiente dulcícola - maioria dos lagos do cinturão meridional, com a fauna predominante de insetos; ambiente de transição entre a região de água doce e a região costeira com fauna mista ( Polychaeta e Insecta ); e, costa, com espécimes de Polychaeta e Crustacea . Os fatores ambientais que melhor se correlacionaram com as variações espaço-temporais na estrutura das comunidades bentônicas foram pH, condutividade elétrica e turbidez da água.

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Distinct genetic structure in populations of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) shown by genetic markers ISSR and COI gene. Green lacewings are generalist predators, and the species Chrysoperla externa presents a great potential for use in biological control of agricultural pests due to its high predation and reproduction capacities, as well as its easy mass rearing in the laboratory. The adaptive success of a species is related to genetic variability, so that population genetic studies are extremely important in order to maximize success of the biological control. Thus, the present study used nuclear (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat - ISSR) and mitochondrial (Cytochrome Oxidase I - COI) molecular markers to estimate the genetic variability of 12 populations in the São Paulo State, Brazil, as well as the genetic relationships between populations. High levels of genetic diversity were observed for both markers, and the highest values of genetic diversity appear associated with municipalities that have the greatest areas of native vegetation. There was high haplotype sharing, and there was no correlation between the markers and the geographic distribution of the populations. The AMOVA indicated absence of genetic structure for the COI gene, suggesting that the sampled areas formed a single population unit. However, the great genetic differentiation among populations showed by ISSR demonstrates that these have been under differentiation after their expansion or may also reflect distinct dispersal behavior between males and females.

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Energetic cost of digging behavior in workers of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (Fabricius). During nest excavation, leaf-cutting ant workers undergo reduction in their body reserve, particularly carbohydrates. In order to estimate the energetic cost of digging, groups of 30 workers of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens were sealed in a hermetic chamber for 24, 48 and 72 hours, with and without soil for digging, and had the CO2 concentration measured using respirometric chambers as well as volume of soil excavated (g). As expected, the worker groups that carried out soil excavation expelled more carbon dioxide than the groups that did not excavate. Therefore, a worker with body mass of 9.65 ± 1.50 mg dug in average 0.85 ± 0.27 g of soil for 24 hours, consuming ca. 0.58 ± 0.23 J. In this study, we calculate that the energetic cost of excavation per worker per day in the experimental set-up was ca. 0.58 J.

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Energy substrate used by workers of leaf-cutting ants during nest excavation. In this study we aimed to ascertain whether leaf-cutting ant workers lose body reserves (fat or sugars) as a function of nest excavation. For each treatment, we isolated 10 workers of Atta sexdens into two experimental groups, Control (C- without excavation) and Soil (S- with excavation), which were kept for different time intervals (0, 24, 48 or 72 hours), totaling 700 tested workers. We then determined the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and total lipid content in them. The total carbohydrates were determined colorimetrically, based on the reaction between carbohydrates and sulfuric acid-phenol. For determination of lipids, the insects were immersed in organic solvent until they reached a constant weight. Our results showed that carbohydrates are consumed during nest excavation activities. In the experimental groups S24, S48 and S72, there was an average reduction of 5.82 (20.42%), 14.31 (44.96%) and 13.27 (43.96%) µ.mg-1 in soluble sugar when compared with the experimental groups that did not excavate. Furthermore, the lipids were not used during this activity. With respect to dry mass of the workers, their values were C0 = 8%, C24 = 10.4%, C48 = 9.2%, C72 = 10%, S24 = 9.2%, S48 = 8.7% and S72 = 8.5%. Our results show experimentally that the source of energy for nest excavation is carbohydrates, whereas lipids are conserved for other activities.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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We did an overhaul on morphophysiology characteristics, cryptonephric system and secondary specializations in the Malpighian tubules of the class Insecta. This review grouped the most important information about this important organ that has different functions essential for insects.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)