Recuperação das vítimas de traumatismo cranio-encefálico no período de 1 ano após o trauma

Estudo prospectivo longitudinal sobre a recuperação aos 12 meses, de vítimas de traumatismo crânio-encefálico (TCE) de diferentes gravidades, com idade entre 12 e 60 anos. As vítimas foram avaliadas 1 ano após o trauma considerando-se tanto suas limitações funcionais mensuradas pela Escala de Resultados de Glasgow (ERG) em sua versão de oito categorias, como também, o seu retorno à produtividade. Aos 12 meses, 77,2% das vitimas alcançaram a pontuação 0 e 1 na ERG ampliada. Destas, 38,6% obtiveram a pontuação 0, ou seja, recuperação total . Indivíduos incapazes (pontuação > 1) foram 22,8% sendo aqueles com incapacidade moderada (+), ERG2, e grave (+), ERG4, os mais freqüentes. Retorno à produtividade ocorreu em 83,3% das vítimas e destas, 19,4% tinham alterações na ocupação principal.

Caracterización de los pacientes trasplantados por Cirrosis Criptogénica. Estudio comparativo de la evolución post-trasplante hepático de las Cirrosis secundarias a EHDG y las Cirrosis Enólicas.

Nuestro objetivo es comparar la evolución post-trasplante hepático de los pacientes con cirrosis por una enfermedad hepática por depósito de grasa (EHDG) y los pacientes trasplantados por cirrosis enólica desde el punto de vista de supervivencia y complicaciones metabólicas y desarrollo de complicaciones cardiovascular con un seguimiento post-trasplante a medio plazo. Se estudiaron retrospectivamente los pacientes sometidos a TH por Cirrosis Criptogénica en nuestro centro, desde el 1 de enero de 1997 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2006 (caracterizando aquellos con fenotipo de EHDG subyacente). La mayoría de pacientes trasplantados por CC en nuestro centro corresponden a una cirrosis secundaria a EHDG. La prevalencia de CHC es mayor en estos pacientes que en los TH por OH. El desarrollo de complicaciones metabólicas, enfermedad cardiovascular y supervivencia al 5º año post-TH fue similar a los pacientes trasplantados por cirrosis OH.

Estudo preliminar das relações entre duração da parada cardiorrespiratória e suas consequências nas vítimas de trauma

Foi proposta desta pesquisa obter subsídios para iniciar ou manter manobras de reanimação cardiopulmonar (RCP) especificamente em vítimas de trauma. A duração da parada e reanimação cardiopulmonar de sobreviventes foi descrita, assim como, o desempenho cerebral e mortalidade dessas vítimas 24, 48 e 72 horas após tais eventos terem ocorrido. Com os resultados dessa caracterização estudou-se a relação entre tempo de parada e reanimação cardiorrespiratória, e, mortalidade. Os dados foram obtidos em plantões no Pronto Socorro do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Grande parte das vítimas (93,4%) apresentaram trauma grave e a principal "causa mortis" foi trauma crânio-encefálico. A sobrevivência ao período de 72 horas foi de 10%. A avaliação de 72 horas, das vítimas sobreviventes a parada cardiorrespiratória (PCR) de causa traumática mostrou mau desempenho cerebral dessas vítimas no período. A sobrevida após o primeiro episódio de PCR relacionou-se mais consistentemente com o tempo de PCR das vítimas de trauma do que o tempo de RCP. O tempo de PCR <4 minutos e de RCP <20 minutos relacionou-se a uma sobrevida superior a 72 horas.

An ex-post view of inequality of opportunity in France and its regions

This paper proposes an ex-post measure of inequality of opportunity in France and its regions by assessing the inequality between individuals exerting the same effort. To this end, we define a fair income that fulfils ex-post equality of opportunity requirements. Unfairness is measured by an unfair Gini based on the distance between the actual income and the fair income. Our findings reveal that the measures of ex-post inequality of opportunity largely vary across regions, and that this is due to di_erences in reward schemes and in the impact of the non responsibility factors of income. We find that most regions have actual incomes closer to fair incomes than to average income, excepted Ile de France where the actual income looks poorly related to effort variables. Finally, we find that income inequality and inequality of opportunity are positively correlated among regions.

Performance in post-compulsory education: evidence from vocational and academic tracks

This paper investigates the factors in_uencing grade performance in two different high school tracks (academic and vocational), including the effect of the amount of work achieved while studying. The empirical strategy analyzes grade progression through the outcomes, passing, repeating and dropping out, conditioning on previous outcomes, and dealing with the endogeneity introduced by the working variable. The analysis is based on a unique Spanish data with information on schooling and labor histories. Findings show that working reduces performance in both tracks, mainly during the first year, although the ffects are less detri- mental in the vocational path. Additionally, good performance in compulsory education, at- tending a private high school, or having high-educated parents improve outcomes, particularly in academic high school.

Vítimas de trauma crânio-encefálico e seu retorno a produtividade após 6 meses e 1 ano

Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo que analisa o ,retorno a produtividade de vítimas de trauma crânio-encefálico (TCE) de diferentes gravidades, com idade entre 12 e 6C anos. As vítimas foram examinadas aos 6 meses e 1 ano pós-trauma e seu retorno à produtividade foi analisado, considerando as variáveis nível de escolaridade e tipo de ocupação anterior ao trauma. A maioria (73,6%) retornou a atividade produtiva aos 6 meses e a freqüência de retorno à produtividade foi aior 1 ano após TCE. Quanto ao retorno ao trabalho remunerado e nível de escolaridade ou tipo de ocupação anterior, não houve associação estatística significativa.

Acidentes de trânsito: caracterização das vitimas segundo o "Revised Trauma Score" medido no período pré-hospitalar

O estudo descreve idade, sexo, aspectos do mecanismo e procedimentos realizados em. 643 acidentados de trânsito atendidos nas Marginais Tietê e Pinheiros, considerando os valores do Revised Trauma Score (RTS) do período pré-hospitalar. As vítimas com RTS=12 somaram 90,8%, com RTS=11, 4,0% e RTS<10, 5,2%. No grupo de RTS<10, destacam-se os atropelamentos (36,4%), os impactos frontais (24,2%), as vítimas projetadas (36,4%) ou presas às ferragens (15,1%), e que receberam o maior percentual de procedimentos de suporte avançado. Os motociclistas e as vítimas do gênero masculino e de idade entre 21 e 30 anos predominaram. Espera-se com este estudo, fornecer subsídios para a melhora da assistência às vítimas de acidente de trânsito.

Epstein-Barr virus-related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in solid organ transplant recipients.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the pathogenesis of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) in more than 70% of cases. EBV DNAemia surveillance has been reported to assist in the prevention and treatment of PTLD in hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Derived from experience in HSCT and taking into account that PCR-based EBV monitoring techniques are currently available in most solid organ transplant (SOT) centres, there is a great interest in EBV surveillance and prevention of PTLD in SOT recipients. In the present document we have tried to address from a practical perspective different important topics regarding the prevention and management of EBV-related PTLD in SOT. To this end, available information on SOT was analysed and combined with potentially useful data from HSCT and expert observations. The document is therefore structured according to different specific questions, each of them culminating in a consensus opinion of the panel of European experts, grading the answers according to internationally recognized levels of evidence. The addressed issues were grouped under the following topics. (i) Timing and epidemiological data of PTLD. Prophylaxis guided by clinical risk factors of early and late PTLD in SOT. (ii) Relationship of EBV DNAemia load monitoring and the development of PTLD in solid organ transplant recipients. (iii) Monitoring of EBV DNAemia after SOT. Which population should be monitored? What is the optimal timing of the monitoring? (iv) Management of SOT recipients with persistent and/or increasing EBV DNAemia.

A non-invasive assessment of hepatic glycogen kinetics and post-absorptive gluconeogenesis in man.

A novel approach to the study of hepatic glycogen kinetics and fractional gluconeogenesis in vivo is described. Ten healthy female subjects were fed an iso-caloric diet containing 55% carbohydrate energy with a 13C abundance of 1.083 atom percent for a 3-day baseline period; then, a diet of similar composition, but providing carbohydrate with a 13C abundance of 1.093 atom percent was started and continued for 5 days. Resting respiratory gas exchanges, urinary nitrogen excretion, breath 13CO2 and plasma 13C glucose were measured every morning in the fasting state. The enrichment in 13C of hepatic glycogen was calculated from these measured data. 13C glycogen enrichment increased after switching to a 13C enriched carbohydrate diet, and was identical to the 13C enrichment of dietary carbohydrates after 3 days. The time required to renew 50% of hepatic glycogen, as determined from the kinetics of 13C glycogen enrichment, was 18.9 +/- 3.6 h. Fractional gluconeogenesis, as determined from the difference between the enrichments of glucose oxidized originating from hepatic glycogen and plasma glucose 13C was 50.8 +/- 5.3%. This non-invasive method will allow the study of hepatic glycogen metabolism in insulin-resistant patients.

Prise en charge du syndrome post-thrombotique [Management of post-thrombotic syndrome].

Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most frequent chronic complication of deep vein thrombosis with an estimated prevalence of 30-50%. PTS is a significant cause of disability, especially when complicated by venous ulcers. Therefore, it has important socio-economic consequences for both the patient and the health care system. Aim of this review is to resume state of the art literature on the management of PTS.

Oxytocin response to an experimental psychosocial challenge in adults exposed to traumatic experiences during childhood or adolescence.

Long-term implications of the exposure to traumatizing experiences during childhood or adolescence, such as sexual abuse, or cancer, have been documented, namely the subjects' response to an acute stress in adulthood. Several indicators of the stress response have been considered (e.g. cortisol, heart rate). Oxytocin (OT) response to an acute stress of individuals exposed to trauma has not been documented. Eighty subjects (n=26 women who had experienced episodes of child abuse, n=25 men and women healthy survivors of cancer in childhood or adolescence, and 29 controls) have been submitted to a laboratory session involving an experimental stress challenge, the Trier social stress test. Overall, there was a clear OT response to the psychosocial challenge. Subjects having experienced a childhood/adolescence life-threatening illness had higher mean levels of OT than both abused and control subjects. There was a moderate negative relationship between OT and salivary cortisol. It is suggested that an acute stress stimulates OT secretion, and that the exposure to enduring life-threatening experiences in childhood/adolescence has long-lasting consequences regarding the stress system and connected functions, namely the activation of OT secretion. Better knowledge of such long-term implications is important so that to prevent dysregulations of the stress responses, which have been shown to be associated to the individual's mental health.

Gastrointestinal complications of post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome.

PURPOSE: Whereas gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain are common in children suffering from the so-called post-diarrheal form (D+) of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), more serious gastrointestinal complications are rare. We tried to define factors predictive of the severity of gastrointestinal complications post D+ HUS. METHODS: We reviewed the files of all children admitted to our hospital for D+ HUS between 1988 and 2000. We retained those cases with gastrointestinal complications and analyzed the consequences of these complications on the evolution of the children's conditions. RESULTS: Sixty-five children with D+ HUS were admitted to our hospital during this period. Sixteen children developed gastrointestinal complications involving one or more digestive organs: necrosis of the colon or ileum, hemorrhagic colitis, pancreatitis, transient diabetes, hepatic cytolysis and cholestasis, peritonitis and prolapse of the rectum. One child died. CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal complications of D+ HUS are rare, but they can be lethal, and early surgery may sometimes prove necessary. However, we were not able to demonstrate a correlation between the severity of the gastrointestinal manifestations and the clinical or biological signs accompanying D+ HUS.