980 resultados para Hate propaganda
Resumo:
Tämä opinnäytetyö liittyy pääkaupunkiseudun suun terveyden edistämisen työryhmän (HATE) suunnittelemaan suun terveyden edistämisen hankkeen taustaselvityksiin. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kehittää suun terveyden edistämistä Espoon, Helsingin, Kauniaisten ja Vantaan yläkoulujen terveystiedon opetuksessa. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin yläkoulujen terveystiedon opettajien näkemyksiä suun terveyden edistämisen oppimateriaalin ja yhteistyön tarpeesta suun terveydenhuollon asiantuntijoiden kanssa sekä heidän näkemyksiään suun terveyden edistämisen merkityksestä nuorten fyysiseen, psyykkiseen ja sosiaaliseen toimintakykyyn. Tutkimusaineisto kerättiin kokonaisotantana puolistrukturoidulla sähköisellä kyselylomakkeella, Helsingin, Espoon, Kauniaisten ja Vantaan yläkoulujen terveystiedon opettajilta. Kyselyn nettilinkki lähetettiin 283 terveystiedon opettajan työsähköpostiosoitteisiin. Kyselyyn vastasi 71 terveystiedon opettajaa, joten vastausprosentti oli 25 %. Heistä 71 % ei ollut saanut ollenkaan tai erittäin vähän koulutusta suun terveyden edistämisen opettamiseen. Vastaajista 29 % kertoi opiskelleensa suun terveyden edistämistä itsenäisesti tai katsoi osaavansa asian oman alan koulutuksen kautta. Terveystietoa on opetettu kouluissa syksystä 2004 alkaen uutena erillisenä oppiaineena. Siirtymäkauden aikana terveystiedon oppiainetta on peruskoulussa kelpoinen opettamaan biologian, liikunnan, kotitalouden, yhteiskuntaopin tai lukion psykologian opetukseen kelpoinen opettaja. Tutkimustuloksista ilmeni, että 71 % vastanneista opettajista ei tee tällä hetkellä minkäänlaista yhteistyötä suun terveydenhuollon asiantuntijoiden kanssa. Kuitenkin 81 % heistä piti tarpeellisena lisätä yhteistyötä suun terveydenhuollon asiantuntijoiden kanssa. Opettajat toivoivat, että suun terveydenhuollon asiantuntijat osallistuisivat terveystiedon opetukseen sekä suun terveyttä koskevien oppimateriaalien tuottamiseen. Terveystiedon opettamisen suurimpana kehittämistarpeena pidettiin oppimateriaalien ja havainnollistamisvälineiden lisäämistä. Eniten oppimateriaaleja toivottiin DVD-muodossa sekä peleinä ja tehtävinä. Suurin osa vastaajista piti suun terveyden edistämistä tärkeänä terveystiedon opetuksessa osana nuorten fyysisistä, psyykkistä ja sosiaalista toimintakykyä. Vastaajista 89 % arvioi suuhygienian suun terveyden edistämisen opettamisessa pääasiaksi. Toisena keskeisenä opetusasiana pidettiin ruokailutottumuksia ja ruokailukertojen merkitystä suun terveyden edistämisessä. Ksylitolin ja tupakan yhteyttä suun terveyden edistämiseen halusi käsitellä 11 % opettajista yhtenä opetuksen pääasiana. Tutkimuksessa suun terveydenhuollon asiantuntijoiden ja terveystiedon opettajien välisten yhteistyökäytäntöjen kehittäminen ja alan oppimateriaalin kehittäminen sekä tuottaminen nousivat keskeisiksi kehittämiskohteiksi. HATE:n (pääkaupunkiseudun suun terveyden edistämisen työryhmän) suunnittelemaa ja tulevaisuudessa toteuttamaa suun terveyden edistämisen internetsivustoa ja materiaalipankkia tulisikin kehittää terveystiedon opetuk-sen osalta suun terveydenhuollon asiantuntijoiden ja terveystiedon opettajien yhteistyönä sellaisiksi, että ne palvelevat myös opetusalalla tehtävää yhteistyötä.
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El hipódromo de Constantinopla se convirtió, desde su reconstrucción monumental por Constantino I hasta su saqueo por los cruzados en 1204, en el principal escenario de manifestación de la majestad imperial. Centro de propaganda política por excelencia, este edificio tomó como modelo el Circo Máximo de Roma, con quien guardaba más parecido que con sus homónimos griegos. Todo en él estaba proyectado para realzar la idea de la soberanía del basileo: su disposición arquitectónica, unido al complejo palacial por medio de la kathisma -el palco imperial y el palacio del hipódromo con el mismo nombre-; la decoración, compuesta por obeliscos, columnas y otros elementos llenos de simbolismo solar, así como por una gran cantidad de esculturas destruidas en el saqueo de 1204; y la misma liturgia del hipódromo, un complejo ceremonial destinado a ensalzar al emperador como vencedor perpetuo.
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This volume deals with the forms of propaganda and self-representation, through words and images, during the rise of the 'civiltà delle corti' and through processes typical of the time, such as confrontation, adaptation, competition and rivalry. This period, which marked the passage of Italian and European culture from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, is fundamental in the development of Modern Europe, and it lasted up to the XVIII century and beyond. At the heart of many matters debated here lies the relationship between culture and politics. The formation of a 'Lombard identity', central to the Sinergia project which was the frame of the whole research and its conferences, is closely linked to this broad general context. It places the so called 'questione milanese' - above the traditional hierarchies 'Toscana oriented' - at the centre of many questions regarding Northern Italy as a whole, starting from the dissolution of the Medieval communes, through to the rise of the signorie, from the end of the XIII century and the beginning of the XIV century up to the early XVI century.
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Los medios de comunicación juegan un rol fundamental en la percepción social del proceso migratorio y de las minorías étnicas. A través del análisis de un conjunto de emisiones de Catalunya Radio, RAC1 y la COPE, el estudio que presentamos pretende determinar si el discurso radiofónico se fundamenta en un lenguaje inclusivo que contribuye a la cohesión social, o bien promueve un sobredimensionamiento de los conflictos contribuyendo a extender la xenofobia. Coincidiendo con la crisis, el lenguaje excluyente se consolida y se extiende en los medios. El análisis desarrollado evidencia el uso de conceptos y estrategias discursivas que remiten, por una parte, al racismo moderno y, por otra, al lenguaje del odio, siendo frecuentes las imprecisiones, la invisibilidad u homogeneización de determinados colectivos, la contraposición nosotrosellos o enfoques basados en el conflicto que enfatizan las diferencias étnicas.
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In my PhD dissertation, I have examined a group of people of Scandinavian origin received by Ospizio dei Convertendi. This group has been hitherto largely unknown to historical research. The Ospizio was an institute founded by the Oratorian Congregation in Rome in 1673 to provide religious instruction and material aid to both recent and aspirant converts to Roman Catholicism. My research traces the profile of converts and a typology of motives, examining different factors which influenced the conversion process. I show that the key factors were often of a social rather than a religious nature. Moreover, I have analyzed the hospice in the context of Counter-Reformation charity as well. In terms of numbers, the Scandinavians formed a somewhat marginal yet not insignificant group within the Roman hospice. Out of a total of 2203 guests received between 1673 and 1706, 4.6 % were Scandinavians: 74 Swedes (including Finland and Livonia) and 27 Danes (including Norway). They came from a rigorously Protestant region which reacted to Catholicism with severe legislative measures. Converts to Catholicism risked confiscation of their goods, expulsion or even capital punishment. Since both Sweden and Denmark were practically impenetrable to Catholicism at the time and clandestine missionary attempts often failed before they had even properly started, the Roman Catholic Church shifted its interest towards Northerners arriving in Rome, a preferred destination for young noblemen, artists and migrant craftsmen. The material related to Ospizio dei Convertendi, conserved in the Vatican archives, is a scarcely known yet unusually rich source, not only for the religious history of our continent, but also for social history and the study of migration in early modern Europe. It contains a wealth of information about members of the subordinate classes, of their travels and lives in Europe. The profile delineated in these documents is of individuals who had a wide range of different professions and different aspirations. These documents encompass a vast social spectrum that was highly mobile on a continent which by that time had become pluriconfessional. Therefore, these migrants faced the complex religious reality in their everyday life. The principal corpus of my research consists of two types of manuscript sources created for administrative and in a way also for apologetic purposes of the Roman Catholic Church. My starting point is the Primo registro generale of Ospizio dei Convertendi. This is a volume in which the following information about each guest was registered: name, nationality, city of origin, age, sex, profession, confession professed before converting, date of arrival, departure, abjuration and baptism. Typically, the convert was male, originating from Stockholm or Copenhagen, from 21 to 30 years of age. The biggest occupational groups in descending order were soldiers, noblemen, craftsmen and sailors. Thus the data reflects a multiform reality of interurban and long distance migration, ideals regarding the education of young noblemen and gentry as well as the need of European armies to hire foreign mercenaries in their various campaigns. Against this background the almost total absence of women is hardly surprising: there is only one woman in the material I have studied. The second main source, Nota degl’ospiti ricevuti e spese fatte per essi, sheds more light on the choices of the converts, their motivations and their lives outside Scandinavia before reaching Rome. This narrative material permits an analysis which completes but also goes far beyond the columns of the Institute’s general register. This material consists of reports written by Catholic priests based on an interview conducted upon each guest’s arrival. The material frequently includes information on what the converts would do following their departure from the Institute as well. These sources have a specific narrative form and contain short biographies, list reasons for converting and information about the journey from the North to the Mediterranean - a journey which in many cases took several years. Moreover, they show that certain unorthodox practices such as calling on the saints and pleading for help from them were not uncommon in the Protestant popular religion. The recording of information on conversions from Protestantism to Catholicism reflects both religious and social interest on the part of the receiving institute. The information obtained was used for the purposes of religious teaching, for finding adequate ways of inserting the convert into Italian society so that he could earn a living, and to find effective methods to convert others with a similar cultural and geographical background. The stories recorded were based on interviews with the newly-arrived, information obtained from a travel companion or fellow countrymen, or from written documents the aspirant converts carried with them. These sources illustrate, although sometimes in rather simplified ways, the circumstances and motivations which were relevant to the choice of changing one’s confession. In addition, I have examined petitions addressed to the hospice and other Roman authorities in order to get financial aid. These petitions were written by Italian scrittori, and they contain certain conventions and topoi of presenting the conversion with the purpose of improving the chances of obtaining financial aid. It is through these filters, which may seem initially almost invisible, that the remote voice of the converts reaches us. The results of the analysis are particularly interesting because they disagree with some of the principal conclusions of previous work on the subject. First, earlier research has focused almost exclusively on the conversions of noblemen, and has argued, second, that the Queen Christina of Sweden was the driving force behind their change of confession. The sources examined for this dissertation present a profile of long-distance migrants, many of them members of the subordinate classes, who were looking for ways to make their living in Europe. These people had in many cases left their country of origin several years earlier and not for religious reasons, so, crucially, we are not dealing with confessional migration in these cases. Rather, conversion was a complex process, intricately tied up with strategies of survival, integration and upward social mobility. At the same time, while these components are significant on their own right, they do not necessarily point to the absence of motivations of a more clearly religious nature.
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1902/04/30 (A5,N52).
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1904/02/29 (A7,N1).
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1902/09/30 (A5,N56)- (A5,N57).
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1898/03 (A1,N3).
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1901/07/31 (A4,N43).
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1903/10/31 (A6,N70).
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1905/05 (A8,N5).
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1901/03 (A4,N39).
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1899/11 (A2,N23).
