Memórias de uma Escola Isolada Rural: estudo de um Livro de Visitas (1928-1948)

Cet article étudie le livre de visites de l'ancienne école mixte de la Fazenda Ponte Alta/Bela Vista, liée au groupe scolaire de la ville de Bariri, dans l'état de São Paulo (SP). À partir des registres de vingt ans d'activités (1928-1948), nous retraçons les exigences des inspecteurs primaires et si ces exigences provenaient (ou non) de professeurs et de la communauté paysanne pour ébaucher un cadre socio-historique de l'enseignement des premières lettres dans la zone rurale de l'intérieur de l'état de São Paulo. Il en résulte que le discours qui défendait l'égalité de chances pour les populations urbaines et rurales négligeait généralement le besoin de promouvoir l'égalité de conditions pour que la communauté rurale puisse profiter des chances qui lui étaient promises.

Distribuição diária das atividades comportamentais dos camarões marinhos Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Pérez Farfante, 1967) e Litopenaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1938) em condições laboratoriais

Marine aquaculture has developed in the last decades all over the world, especially related to shrimp management. In Brazil, the introduction of the species Litopenaeus vannamei has contributed to the success of the activity, even if there are problems associated with the management of a exotic species, such as new diseases and ecological pressure on native species. It has been emphasized the need of research for developing new methodology that will allow native species management, being the most important Farfantepenaeus subtilis and Litopenaeus schmitti. Most knowledge obtained from research with those species has generally used a technical approach and mainly focused feeding process. There are no specific behavioral data on their activity pattern which should be of great importance for the use of native species on commercial culture farms. So, it was our objective to study and compare the daily distribution of behavioral activities of the marine shrimp species Litopenaeus schmitti and Farfantepenaeus subtilis. Forty animals of each species, 5 individuals per aquarium, were maintained in aquaria containing 200L of sea water under continuous aeration and filtration. They were marked individually and were observed by the instantaneous focal time sampling, along 10 continuous days, in 6 daily 15 min observation windows, every two hour. In each window, behaviors and location position of the animals in the aquarium were registered at 1 min intervals. Food was offered 3 times a day, representing 10% of each aquarium biomass. Aquaria were maintained in artificial photoperiod, 12hour light/l2 hour dark, 4 aquaria in light cycle equivalent to the environmental one (light from 06:00 to 17:59 h and dark from 18:00 to 05:59 h) and the other 4 in the reverse light cycle (light from 18:00 to 05:59 h and dark from 06:00 to 17:59 h) to allow sequential behavioral observation in both phases of the 24 hour cycle. There was a clear distinction between the distribution of behavioral activities of F. subtilis and L. schmitti in the two phases. The activity pattern of Farfantepenaeus subtilis demonstrates that species has prominently night habits and a burying pattern during the light cycle. Exploration, inactivity and swimming were the most common activities. The behavioral pattern of Litopenaeus schmitti indicates that species is active along both phases of the light cycle, and the most evident behaviors were exploration, inactivity and swimming

Unilatus unilatus Mizelle & Kritsky, 1967 (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalinae) in Hypostomus spp. (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Chavantes reservoir, So Paulo State, Brazil

In this paper, the occurrence and new morphological data of Unilatus unilatus Mizelle et Kritsky, 1967 from the gills of Hypostomus strigaticeps (Regan, 1907), Hypostomus regani (Ihering, 1905), and Hypostomus iheringii (Regan, 1908) from the Chavantes reservoir, So Paulo State, Brazil are reported. Unilatus unilatus from this reservoir presents differences in relation to the holotype previously described such as, eggs with no bifid or trifid filament and a rounded termination, anterior bar slightly curved with a posterior projection, and posterior bar which may present three shapes. This is the first record of U. unilatus in southeastern Brazil outside the Amazon River Basin, with H. strigaticeps, H. regani and H. iheringii as new hosts.

First case of an infection of the metacercariae of Austrodiplostomum compactum (Lutz, 1928) (Digenea, Diplostomidae) in Hypostomus regani (Ihering, 1905) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae).

Austrodiplostomum compactum (Lutz, 1928) (Digenea, Diplostomidae) was recorded infecting the eyes of a Hypostomus regani (Ihering, 1905) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). This is the first report of a loricarid fish infected with A. compactum.

Stock assessment and fishery management of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1970 and F. paulensis Pérez-Farfante, 1967 in Southeastern Brazil (23° to 28° S)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Growth and mortalities of the pink-shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis Latreille, 1970 and F. paulensis Pérez-Farfante 1967 in Southeast Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Metacercariae of Diplostomum compactum Lutz, 1928 (Trematoda, Diplostomidae) in the eyes of acara Geophagus brasiliensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from Barra Bonita Reservoir - São Paulo, Brazil

Relata-se a ocorrência de metacercárias de Diplostomum compactum (Trematoda: Diplostomidae) infectando Geophagus brasiliensis (Teleostei: Cichlidae) do reservatório de Barra Bonita, rio Tietê, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As metacercárias foram coletadas no globo ocular, fixadas em solução de AFA e coradas com carmim. As análises morfológicas e morfométricas de cinco espécimes foram realizadas por meio do sistema computadorizado de analise de imagem. Este foi o primeiro registro da ocorrência desse parasito no reservatório de Barra Bonita e também o primeiro registro em acará Geophagus brasiliensis.

Selection and shell relationship in Isocheles-sawayai forest and Saint-laurent, 1967 (crustacea, anomura, diogenidae)

A populational sample of Isocheles sawayai Forest & Saint Laurent, 1967 was analysed in order to detect the validity of the shell aperture size as a parameter in the gastropod shell selection. The gastropods genus occupied by this hermit crab were: Thais, Buccinanops, Olivancillaria, Polinices and Cymatium. The power function (y = a.x(b)) was the best equation to represent biologically the regression analyses carried out among the measured parameters.

The tadpole of Physalaemus jordanensis Bokermann, 1967 (Anura, Leiuperidae) from Campos do Jordao, Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The occurrence of Austrodiplostomum compactum (Lutz, 1928) (Digenea: Diplostomidae) metacercariae in the eyes of loricariid fish (Siluriformes: Osteichthyes: Loricariidae) from Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prevalência, sazonalidade e intensidade de infecção por Diplostomum (Austrodiplostomum) compactum Lutz, 1928 (Digenea, Diplostomidae), em peixes do reservatório de Volta Grande, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

The present study was conducted in the Aquaculture Station of Hydroeletric Power Station situated in Volta Grande Reservoir, MG, Brazil. Seventy freshwater corvinas, Plagiscion squamosissimus, and 66 tucunarés, Cichla ocellaris were captured bimonthly from April 2000 through April 2001 with net and hook. The helmints were identified as Diplostomun (A.) compactmn which showed the highest prevalence in the corvina's eyes in April 2000 (70%), February 2001 (80%) and April 2001 (60%), while in tucunaré occurred in April 2000 (33.3%), August 2000 (18.2%) and October 2000 (18.2%). Nevertheless, increase in the mean intensity of parasites was related in April (6.6), June (6.0), August (18.5) 2000 and February (5.7), April (4.8) 2001 for corvina and in August (16.0) and October (7.0) 2000 for tucunaré. Corvina's females showed infection during all period, while males did not show the same prevalence in June 2000 and April 2001. On the other hand, tucunare's males were infected in all months while females in August and October 2000. The highest prevalence in corvina was observed in the months which presented elevated water temperature (April, October, December 2000 and April 2001). The number of parasites collected in corvina on February 2000 was higher than the one observed in August 2000. The same was not observed for tucunaré. This work demonstrate corvina's high susceptibility to metacercariae of Diplostomum.

Metacercárias de Diplostomum (Austrodiplostomum) compactum Lutz, 1928 (Digenea, Diplostomidae) em peixes do rio Paraná, Brasil. Prevalência, sazonalidade e intensidade de infecção

This paper aims at evaluating the occurrence of Diplostommn (Anstrodiplostomum compactum (Digenea: Diplostomatidae) in the eyeball of Plagioscion sqnamosissimus (corvina) and Cichla ocellaris (tucunaré), monthly captured in Paraná river, Presidente Epitácio, state of São Paulo, Brazil. From 61 corvinas under analysis, 56 of them contained parasites (92%) with intensity rate of 42.0 host parasites. From an amount of 81 tucunarés, 45 contained parasites (55%) with intensity rate of 9.3 parasites. Corvinas showed prevalence from 71 to 100% with the highest intensity rates (103.3 and 106.9) from February to March, 2001. Comparatively, the tucunaré showed the highest prevalence from November 2000 (90%) to February 2001 (80%). The tucunaré highest intensity rates occurred on September, 2000 (12.7), December, 2000 (12.2) and February, 2001 (16.1). Metacercariae showed a hollow womb body and a posterior region of a sinuous conic protuberance, an oral sucker smaller than the acetabulae, a simple acetabulae located in the pre-equatorial region of helminto. A short pre-pharynx followed by a muscular pharynx, genital pore next to acetubulae. Corvina metacercariae presents 1.434,0 μm (880 to 1.840) long by 611.2 ± 93.4 μm (400 to 792) wide. Tucunaré metacercariae, 1.462.4 μm (960 to 2.480) by 710.8 μm (560 to 960). Authors confirmed corvina great susceptibility to Diplomastum and the relationship between the parasitism and the aquatic and climatic parameters.

The use of the two-body energy to study problems of escape/capture Ernesto Vieira Neto1

The problem of escape/capture is encountered in many problems of the celestial mechanics -the capture of the giants planets irregular satellites, comets capture by Jupiter, and also orbital transfer between two celestial bodies as Earth and Moon. To study these problems we introduce an approach which is based on the numerical integration of a grid of initial conditions. The two-body energy of the particle relative to a celestial body defines the escape/capture. The trajectories are integrated into the past from initial conditions with negative two-body energy. The energy change from negative to positive is considered as an escape. By reversing the time, this escape turns into a capture. Using this technique we can understand many characteristics of the problem, as the maximum capture time, stable regions where the particles cannot escape from, and others. The advantage of this kind of approach is that it can be used out of plane (that is, for any inclination), and with perturbations in the dynamics of the n-body problem. © 2005 International Astronomical Union.

Boletín estadístico de América Latina, febrero 1967 = Statistical bulletin for Latin America, February 1967

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Boletín estadístico de América Latina, septiembre 1967 = Statistical bulletin for Latin America, September 1967

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