Historicizing counterurbanization: in-migration and the reconstruction of rural space in Berkshire (UK), 1901-51

This article uses census data for Berkshire to argue that large-scale counterurbanization began much earlier than is generally recognized in some parts of southern England. This was not just movement down the urban hierarchy, which as Pooley and Turnbull have demonstrated was a long-term feature of England’s settlement system, but in some cases at least amenity-driven migration to rural areas of the kind increasingly recognized as a core component of recent counterurbanization. Despite a reduction of acreage Berkshire’s rural districts saw a 54% rise in population between 1901 and 1951. The sub-regional pattern of growth is assessed to gauge whether ‘clean break’ migration to the remote west of the county (which remained effectively out of commuting range from London throughout the period) was taking place, or whether counterurbanization was confined to the more accessible eastern districts. However, whilst population did increase in both west and east, it was in fact the central districts that grew most impressively. Three case study parishes are investigated in order to gauge the nature and consequences of counterurbanization at a local level. Professional and business migrants figure prominently, seeking to preserve and promote the rural attributes of their new communities, without however cutting their ties to urban centres. It is argued that migration to rural Berkshire in the first half of the twentieth century cannot adequately be described either as a form of extended suburbanization or an anti-metropolitan ‘clean break’. Rather, early counterurbanization marks the first stage on the long road to a post-productivist countryside, in which countryside becomes detached from agriculture, there is socio-economic convergence between town and country, and the ‘rural’ increasingly becomes defined by landscape and identity rather than economic function.

Adapting Jules Verne for the baby-boom generation: Hachette and the Bibliothèque Verte, c.1956-1966

How do changing notions of children’s reading practices alter or even create classic texts? This article looks at how the nineteenth-century author Jules Verne (1828-1905) was modernised by Hachette for their Bibliothèque Verte children’s collection in the 1950s and 60s. Using the methodology of adaptation studies, the article reads the abridged texts in the context of the concerns that emerged in postwar France about what children were reading. It examines how these concerns shaped editorial policy, and the transformations that Verne’s texts underwent before they were considered suitable for the children of the baby-boom generation. It asks whether these adapted versions damaged Verne’s reputation, as many literary scholars have suggested, or if the process of dividing his readership into children and adults actually helped to reinforce the new idea of his texts as complex and multilayered. In so doing, this article provides new insights into the impact of postwar reforms on children’s publishing and explores the complex interplay between abridgment, censorship, children’s literature and the adult canon.

Two new species of Pamphobeteus Pocock 1901 (Araneae : Mygalomorphae : Theraphosidae) from Brazil, with a new type of stridulatory organ

Two new species of Pamphobeteus Pocock 1901 are described from Brazil: Pamphobeteus crassifemur sp. nov. and Pamphobeteus grandis sp. nov.; Pamphobeteus nigricolor, formerly described from Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia, is recorded from Brazil and its distribution in Ecuador and Bolivia is questioned. A new type of stridulatory organ is described from legs III and IV of P. crassifemur sp. nov. The structure consists of spiniform setae. Stridulation occurs when the spider moves the legs III and IV, sometimes while shedding urticating hairs.

Revalidation of Pterinopelma Pocock 1901 with description of a new species and the female of Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling 1891) (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae)

We revalidate the theraphosid genus Pterinopelma Pocock 1901, describe the female of P. vitiosum for first time and Pterinopelma sazimai sp. nov. from Brazil. These two species were included in a matrix with 35 characters and 32 taxa and were analyzed both with all characters having same weight and with implied weights. Searches considering all characters non-additive or some additive were also carried out. The preferred tree, obtained with implied weights, concavity 6 and all characters non-additive shows that Pterinopelma is a monophyletic genus sister to the clade Lasiodora (Vitalius + Nhandu). The presence of denticles on the prolateral inferior male palpal bulb keel is a synapomorphy of the genus.

Tatler (Volume 3 1901)

The Winthrop yearbook was published from 1898 to 2002. It has been known as the Tatler since its inception except for 1904 (Lang Syne) and 1918 (Tatler a la Guerre). No yearbook was published in 1900, 1902, 1903, 1905,1906.

Contaminação do meio físico por hidrocarbonetos e metais na área da Refinaria Alberto Pasqualini, Canoas, RS

O presente estudo resulta de convênio entre a Fundação de Apoio da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (FAURGS) e a Refinaria Alberto Pasqualini (REFAP S.A.), tendo como objetivo o diagnóstico das contaminações por metais e hidrocarbonetos dos solos e águas subterrâneas na área e seus domínios. Os poços tubulares profundos existentes ao redor da refinaria registram 559 unidades distribuídas num raio de 2.000 metros, que têm uso residencial dominante (81,5%) e, em menor escala, comercial (6,5%), industrial (2,6%) e público (0,9%). A caracterização geológica revelou grande variação lateral e vertical, marcada pela ocorrência de sedimentos quaternários síltico-argilosos e arenosos finos com lentes de argilas orgânicas plásticas, tendo espessura de até 14 metros cobrindo rochas sedimentares da Formação Sanga do Cabral. Esta última composta principalmente por arenitos finos a muito finos, siltitos e argilitos avermelhados. Uma parcela significativa da área encontra-se capeada por aterros de terraplenagem com espessuras entre 0,5 e 4 metros. Os estudos hidrogeológicos da área registram a existência de um aqüífero freático livre, constituído pelo material de aterro e camadas sedimentares superficiais, e outro semi-confinado, representado por níveis arenosos descontínuos intercalados no pacote dominantemente síltico-argiloso de sedimentos quaternários. Os sedimentitos da Formação Sanga do Cabral fazem parte do aqüífero semiconfinado. O diagnóstico da contaminação de solos por hidrocarbonetos e metais contou com a análise química de 94 amostras coletadas em 48 sondagens manuais em diferentes profundidades. Os resultados apontaram a virtual ausência de vanádio e baixos níveis de contaminação por cromo, mercúrio, cádmio, cobre, chumbo e Hidrocarbonetos Totais de Petróleo (TPH). A grande quantidade de amostras permitiu a realização de uma avaliação geoestatística para determinação dos teores naturais do terreno e das concentrações oriundas de contaminações. Os solos presentes no entorno da bacia de aeração e da área de descarte de borras e caliças apresentaram as maiores concentrações de metais e, mesmo que inexpressivas, de TPH. A avaliação da qualidade das águas subterrâneas do aqüífero semiconfinado foi realizada através da instalação de 10 poços de monitoramento com profundidades da ordem de 20 metros e coleta de amostras para análises químicas. Também foram coletadas amostras do aqüífero freático em 9 poços de monitoramento rasos com profundidades da ordem de 5 metros, já existentes na ocasião. Os resultados obtidos para as águas do aqüífero semi-confinado retratam uma boa situação ambiental deste, com teores de metais inexistentes na grande maioria dos poços e concentrações abaixo dos limites de intervenção apenas em alguns. Hidrocarbonetos de petróleo (TPH) foram registrados em apenas um poço, em quantidade inexpressiva. Os poços rasos revelam um cenário menos favorável no aqüífero freático, apontando contaminação pouco significativa por hidrocarbonetos de petróleo em apenas 4 locais.