Erros linguísticos em textos formais de professores e de alunos: um estudo de caso

Esta é uma investigação sobre os erros linguísticos mais frequentes praticados por professores e alunos em textos formais. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, realizado numa escola pública com ensino básico e secundário da Região Autónoma da Madeira. Os testes dos alunos e as atas que os professores redigem das várias reuniões em que participam na escola constituem os corpora dos textos formais. Os informantes foram trinta e dois alunos, todos do 12º ano de cursos científico-humanísticos, e oitenta professores de diversos grupos disciplinares. Dado que não foi possível abranger todos os tipos de erros observados, optou-se por analisar as três áreas gramaticais em que a sua ocorrência foi mais problemática, a saber, ortografia, pontuação e coesão sintática, em detrimento de outras como a semântica, a lexicologia e a coerência textual. Este é um trabalho eminentemente prático que tem como objetivos primordiais enumerar os principais erros observados e comparar as diferenças de desempenho entre os dois grupos de informantes. Para isso, dividiu-se a análise em duas partes: a primeira é, essencialmente, descritiva e interpretativa; enquanto a segunda se baseia nos dados quantitativos para chegar a conclusões que, de outra forma, não seriam percetíveis. No final, sugerem-se algumas estratégias que poderão ajudar a diminuir a incidência do erro no meio escolar.

A representação social dos professores da prática do letramento na educação infantil do município de Lagoa do Carro

Este estudo buscou analisar a Representação Social dos professores da prática do letramento na Educação Infantil; relacionar as representações sociais acerca do letramento da educação infantil e inovação pedagógica e identificar se essas representações orientam suas práticas em prol da construção do conhecimento da criança através da prática do letramento. O referencial orientador da investigação é a Teoria das Representações Sociais de Serge Moscovici. Assim como vários estudiosos do Letramento e Inovação Pedagógica, o objeto deste estudo foram tomados como referências no intuito de compreender a representação da relação entre a teoria e a prática bem como implicações para uma inovação pedagógica. No percurso metodológico, optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa, por trazer uma descrição dos fenômenos apresentados no contexto, e que, de acordo Minayo (2001), nas Ciências Sociais, ocupa-se com um nível de realidade que não pode ser quantificado, por conseguinte trabalhando com o universo de significados, aspirações, motivos, valores, crenças e atitudes. O campo da pesquisa configurou-se em duas escolas da Rede Pública Municipal da cidade de Lagoa do Carro – Pernambuco/Brasil. Os participantes foram quarenta e quatro sujeitos entre eles trinta e cinco professores, quatro supervisores e cinco coordenadores pedagógicos. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta e geração dos dados foram questionário, entrevista semi-estruturada e observação participante, os quais foram tratados pela análise de conteúdo proposto por Bardin (2010). Os resultados do estudo apontaram para a compreensão de uma prática que tem no letramento uma representação social de ser um processo de aquisição de leitura e escrita, tendo como inovação a utilização de métodos ou técnicas, revelando que o processo de formação não atingiu os aspectos necessários para caracterizar uma prática educativa inovadora em que o papel do professor seria de propor ambientes favoráveis a uma aprendizagem atuando como mediador e ao mesmo tempo de ser um aprendiz ao considerar a capacidade de reflexão apresentado pelas crianças, diferenciando de um paradigma fabril que persiste na organização tradicional das escolas.

Ilustração e interpretação textual: a arte como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem na área de linguagens e códigos

Investiguei a arte como estratégia de ensino/aprendizagem e como esta prática estabelece quebra de paradigmas e incentivo à autonomia discente. Para tanto fiz uma breve descrição histórica acerca do panorama teórico correlacionado com o percurso das inovações educacionais desde o final da Idade Média até a contemporaneidade, buscando identificar de que forma o acúmulo teórico-metodológico gerado por este itinerário influenciou na disciplina Arte/Educação e no seu potencial inovador. Observei ainda como a ilustração textual, produzida pelos educandos, funciona como veículo de reelaboração crítica de suas realidades mediata e imediata. Esta investigação teve como sujeitos alunos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental II, no decorrer de 2011, na escola autogestionária Waldorf Micael, em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Ao longo das observações, procurei responder às seguintes questões: De que maneira a ilustração textual se configura na qualidade de mediadora de processos interpretativos no contexto de ensino/aprendizagem em arte e literatura? De que forma, ela, no contexto da sistemática pedagógica, se revela como ferramenta de inovação pedagógica? Qual a sua importância no desenvolvimento do senso crítico do educando, e como tal fato se configura inovador? Como interfere na apreensão da realidade do educando, no seu aspecto estético, político e social? Os dados da investigação foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas, análise documental e observação participante; dessa forma esta pesquisa configurou-se como qualitativa, do tipo etnográfica e de base hermenêutica.

Links hipertextuais na comunicação científica: análise webométrica dos sítios acadêmicos latino-americanos em ciências sociais

VANTI, Nadia. Links hipertextuais na comunicação científica: análise webométrica dos sítios acadêmicos latino-americanos em Ciências Sociais. Porto Alegre, 2007. 292 f. Tese (Doutorado em Comunicação e Informação) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, 2007.

A representação social do papel de gestores em organizações não governamentais

The discussions concerning the absence of a management model appropriate to the peculiarities of third sector organizations have not been impeditive to their emphasized expansion in the last decades. In the attempt of understanding this phenomenon from the perspective of those who manage social organizations, this work based on the theory of social representations to understand the notion that organization managers of the third sector - based in Fortaleza CE - have of the part that they play and how this notion influences the direction of their activities. Social representations of managers of four different categories of non-governmental organizations have been investigated, each category composed of two unities. The categories researched were: social integration through art and education, prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse, children s health assistance and community action. By using Doise s Societal Approach, the role of social managers translated in intraindividual, interindividual and situational processes of their actions, has been analysed within the social representations, focusing on beliefs, values, symbols and stories that give meaning to the existence of non-governmental organizations. Analysis and discussion of data displayed the existence of diversity in the understanding of managers within their practice, in other words, the management profile is also its own manager s. The branch where an organization acts is also preponderant in the shaping of a management style. It could be deduced, from to the organizations researched, that professional formation and the manager s social insertion mainly, are determinative factors in the outlining of a management model of its own. It was concluded that, due to heterogeneity of interests and action segments, there is no systematic process for social management among organizations. Management styles are supported by their director s own perception of achievement, who model organizations according to their contingencies

A ideologia da encenação: uma análise dos aspectos cênico/ideológicos da encenação produzida pela indústria cultural

The research that led to this dissertation adopted a set of scenic/ideological aspects inherent to the productions of the Culture Industry as its object of research. The intellectual output of Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer underscored the approaches on this subject, since it provides the same set of scenic/ideological features to be explored because, according to the authors, scenes produced by the culture industry are linked to the dominant ideology, since they act in favor of maintaining the status quo. The first objective was the definition this set of features inherent to the scene produced by the culture industry, through the exploration of literature produced by Adorno and Horkheimer, so it was possible to define a set composed of nine elements: Construction of characters as characteristic types; Stereotypes; Naturalization of Stereotyped language; Simplistic playwriting; Reuse dramatic formula; Love and sexuality as themes of plots; Utilization of tragic element; Objetive representation; Approximation of fiction and reality. The second goal was the analysis of scene produced by the culture industry nowadays, so that it was possible to verify if any scenic/ideological aspects indicated by Adorno and Horkheimer in the mid-twentieth century were present among the productions from this beginning of the twenty-first century. Through the analysis of three soap operas produced in Brazil in 2012, it was found that the nine scenic/ideological aspects as indicated by Adorno and Horkheimer appeared in the observed productions. Additionally, a new scenic/ideological feature, not indicated by Adorno and Horkheimer is present: the merchandising

A representação social do cuidado no Programa Saúde da Família na cidade do Natal

The aim of this study was to learn about the social representations of the care provided by the Family Health Program (FHP) in the city of Natal, Brazil and determine how these representations guide the daily actions of doctors, dentists, nurses, nurse s assistants and oral health assistants during the work process. In this sense, we used the theoreticalmethodological approach to the Theory of Social Representations. For data collection, we used the following instruments: a two-part questionnaire, where the first part recorded sociodemographic data and the second part was adapted to the free word association technique (FWAT), which was applied to 90 professionals belonging to 18 FHP units. Interviews were also used as collection instruments. These were based on inductive stimuli and on direct observations of 30 of these professionals. After a superficial reading of the material, we constructed a corpus from which ten categories emerged. To analyze FWAT we used lexicographic analysis, combining frequency and the mean order of responses. The interviews and sociodemographic variables were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistical analysis, respectively. The study showed that the central nucleus of the social representation in question is composed of the elements attention, receptivity and love, revealing that the subjects have different understandings of the FHP care process and that the knowledge accumulated in this respect is supported by an approximate vision of the meaning of care. However, traditional elements with trivializing connotations about care predominate, which compromises the development of strategies to overcome traditional practices. In the set of analyses, we were able to capture the invariance of a contradiction: on one hand, professionals know and affirm the importance of providing care for FHP patients; on the other, the experience of daily practice translates into the negation of this concept. In this contradictory context, professionals build gradual and successive syntheses that allow them to act and affirm themselves by associating information from their academic formation, structured knowledge acquired in other experiences, values and symbols of their daily routine. Thus, they shape and reshape themselves, according to what is concretely and specifically required, at the same time both plural and multiple. The composition of the central nucleus indicates that any measure that intends to modify attitudes that is, the daily actions of FHP professionals with respect to care must take into account and give priority to the debate about the redefining of the semantic fields of the central nucleus (love/attention/receptivity and humanization), especially those of love and attention

Atividade física na terceira idade: Uma análise de sua contribuições para o estilo de vida através das representações sociais

Temáticas emergentes e estratégicas da política de saúde em nível mundial têm suscitado reflexões para ações sócio educativas com idosos. Esta pesquisa questiona as aspirações desse segmento social face às experiências de qualidade proporcionadas pela atividade física. Objetivo: investigar as representações sociais da atividade física na terceira idade. Método: pesquisa de corte transversal com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. A amostra foi nãoprobabilística e por conveniência apoiada na Teoria das Representações Sociais e a Teoria do Núcleo Central. O estudo foi realizado com alunos de um projeto para a terceira idade com sede no Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Rio Grande do Norte (CEFET), no município de Natal/RN, Brasil. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se de questionário semi-estruturado, composto de três partes: A Parte I, para a caracterização social da amostra e identificação da percepção da atividade física para a saúde; a Parte II, com evocação livre de palavras e a Parte III, com uma questão aberta. Análise dos dados: A exploração do material deu-se a partir dos seguintes softs: do SPSS para análise de freqüência simples (parte I); do EVOC (parte II) e do ALCESTE (parte III). Complementarmente, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo a fim de inferir/corroborar sobre os núcleos de sentido da comunicação. Resultados: O núcleo central da representação foi composto por felicidade/saúde/dança e ginástica, revelando diferentes entendimentos e mostrando também que o conhecimento construído da atividade física assume um papel preponderante na vida de idosos, adquirindo gradativamente, a representação de vida com mais saúde e qualidade na velhice . A composição do núcleo central ao considerar elaborações mentais, emoções, práticas e explicações oriundas do cotidiano que se introduzem na constituição da representação social em foco, poderá influenciar as escolhas e estratégias de se desenvolver melhora nos padrões de saúde e na qualidade de vida dos idosos.

Análise do óxido nítrico, perfil lipídico, resistência arterial e capacidade funcional de idosas submetidas a um treinamento aquático

A prática regular de exercício físico possibilita redução dos efeitos das disfunções hormonais e envelhecimento biológico natural que promovem desajustes hemodinâmicos, vasculares e músculo-esqueléticos, principalmente na população feminina no período pós-menopausa. Nesta fase da vida, o exercício aquático representa mais do que uma forma de ajuste funcional, é uma forma de manutenção de independência para as atividades da vida diária (AVD s) e melhoria na qualidade de vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as modificações adquiridas pela prática regular de um programa de exercício aquático concorrente de intensidade moderada no nível de óxido nítrico (ON), no índice de resistividade arterial (IR), no perfil lipídico, na capacidade funcional e na qualidade de vida de idosas. A amostra foi formada por idosas (60 a 80 anos) selecionadas por randomização, por sorteio simples divididas em grupo controle e grupo de intervenção as quais foram submetidas a um programa de exercícios aquáticos proposto inicialmente em projeto piloto, por 12 semanas (n=34) e o ensaio clínico teve duração de 16 semanas (n=40). Foi coletada amostra sanguínea das idosas e avaliado o perfil lipídico pelo método enzimático com kit Labtest e o ON por medida indireta a partir da concentração de nitrito no sobrenadante das células em cultura em leitor de ELISA. A avaliação das artérias carótidas e vertebrais foi feita utilizando o método de ultra-som Doopler. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada por quatro testes que simulam atividades da vida diária que são: caminhar 10 metros (C10m), levantar da posição sentada (LPS), levantar da cadeira e locomover-se pela casa (LCLC) e o de levantar-se da posição decúbito ventral (LPDV). No estudo piloto foi avaliado o índice geral de autonomia funcional (IG) e a qualidade de vida através do questionário WHOQOL-100. Empregou-se a análise de variância (ANOVA) com medidas repetidas nos fatores grupo (GH e GC) e tempo (pré e pós-teste) para as comparações intra e intergrupos nas variáveis seguida do post hoc de Scheffé. Utilizou-se o teste de correlação de Pearson e adotado o valor de p<0,05 para a significância estatística. Houve aumento do ON circulante, redução nos índices de resistividade arterial, melhoria significativa nos níveis de colesterol e triglicérides e ganho na capacidade funcional das idosas após a intervenção. Existiu correlação inversa entre a resistividade da artéria vertebral direita (VERTD) e níveis de ON e entre a VERTD e os níveis plasmáticos de HDL, assim como entre estes e o teste C10m nas idosas em estudo. Não houve modificações significativas na qualidade de vida das idosas. Em conclusão, o programa de exercício proposto foi capaz de oferecer melhorias funcionais, aumentar o nível de óxido nítrico circulante, diminuindo a resistência arterial promovendo modificações no perfil lipídico de idosas

Análise de depoimentos de mulheres mastectomizadas sobre o câncer de mama

The breast cancer is the most incident neoplasia in Brazilian women, configure as important cause of female death in Brazil. Its magnitude is go to be consider as a disease that go out the biological and numerical, extending of the subjective dimension and interrelationships of society and socials experiences, to into in knowledge and practices. Linking of the growing older process, the breast cancer extend as social, economical and cultural dimensions, madding in plot of socials relationships, through that acquire mean. In the context of the high expectative of live and the high number of older age persons, consider that that the high number of years had lived correspond the exposition of this individuals to corporate of the ambientals aggressions and own processes of human constitution of natural wear, like as chronicle-degenerate disease, the example is cancer. In the perspective, we collected narratives of mastectomies women with 60 age or so, about the breast cancer, the body and the growing older process, had has as objectives to reflexes about relatives questions, the comprehension about cancer, like experience, had lived and mean in the context of action and interaction of mastectomies older women, and to comprehend like women interrelationships and respond the changes that grow up of the disease and the growing older process in the everyday of their lives. Through of the narratives. We know that the disease is an initial information that take a form through successives approximation between women with their reality, since the family from hospital institution. The breast cancer to be continue a disease who cause a lot of apprehension and fear, getting and changing the ill s live as marked form. Have dad the body and the growing older process genteels and redimensions by disease, women need to define news and multiples functions due to the contingency that the disease impose

Dos atos confessos aos afetos não-ditos: Um olhar sob as múltiplas experiências femininas a partir da análise dos discursos jurídicos, jornalísticos e orais

Women, subjectiveness, experimentations. This paper walks through gender, sexuality, body and subjectivity, bounding as the focus denaturalize the representations of womanlinessstaff and manliness and the modeled subjectivity by normative discusses that shows the transcendency based on multiplicities of experiences, wishes and life way wattled by men and women from the Caicó City s society in the decades from 1900 to 1945. For this, it was adopted a dialogic methodology inlcluding bibliographic and theorist references as well as sources like articles from Jornal das Moças (Lady s Journal); defloration s crime processes, abortion, infanticide and body lesions; iconographic sources and Caicó citizen memories in the period commented. Based on that sources, this work analyze the discursive construction of feminine through Justice and Jornal das Moças that paved by sanitarian, normalizing and moralizing discourses has spread clichés and stereotypes of womanlinessstaff and manliness, which has resulted by to universalize the experiences feminines in polarities and binary oppositions regarding to manliness, it has delineated them as asexual, irrational, anesthesiaed for pleasure and biologically meant to home activities modeling subjectivities that did not create ways for the singularization processes. This polarities, effects of sexual regulatory practices and gender legitimate the representations of courtship, maternity and honor, that although it has been incorporated not passivant on the building of the poor men and women subjectivity, it did not support itself in view of socio-cultural and economic reality of the poorest society side. Therefore, on this work emerge a plurality of women who has transited past the public sphere, who interlaced amorous informal relationships, who has kept relationships before the marriage, who hás established multiples familiar arrangements and helpful networks, who was single mothers without being considered dishonored women by social groups, who made matrimonial agreements without the rules of a formal civil marriage, who made use of beverageey to provoke the menstruation constituting multiples ways to experiment the life. This subjective feminine experimentations turned it possible to notice that representations concerning about the body, sexuality, date, maternity and honor of this women has constituted itself while molecularies and particulares . It was the affection not commented of the feminine sexuality that turned it possible to analyze the construction of singular subjectivities as a opened process, continuous, active, begetting new lands, life ways and wishes cartographies

A vestimenta e a moda: uma análise da revista estilo

This research addresses the consumption of women's fashion, through an analysis of the contents of the Estilo magazine. This magazine is an licensing of American Instyle, directed at the female, published by Editora Abril in Brazil since 2002. To guide this research, in relation of the fashionable field, some relevants concepts and authors were worked, like Pierre Bourdieu, Gilda de Souza Melo, Georg Simmel, Gilles Lipovetsky among other fundamental to understanding both the consumption and fashion. Still in search of understanding the discourses that permeated the fashion world were done semi-structured interviews with two costume designers who work in two different shops specializing in fabrics in the Natal's city. Were analyzed Estilo magazines published from June 2008 to June 2009, relating to the data collected in interviews in order to understand how discourses are constructed and disseminated, becoming so efficient in the seduction of women's groups which is directed to achieve and consolidate the production of appropriate and acceptable form to wear

Correntes em rede: uma interpretação imagética e textual das correntes religiosas virtuais

This paper develops an analysis of virtual chains religious imagetic. The profusion of images that accompanies us is an irrefutable fact today. The imagetic and virtual join the religion. The approach of the old with the new makes possible the emergence of this new religious practice. Therefore, the study sought to characterize the context in which the virtual chains religious develop. From this perspective, emphasizes religion and cyberculture in order to explain how from that link, it originates an element that exemplifies the current society imagery. This study of the chains takes place from the perspective of the receiver. The image is considered as language, while in communicating becomes capable of imitation

Uma análise sociodemográfica dos cuidadores formais de idosos institucionalizados no município de Natal/RN, 2012

The aging population and individual have been the subject of a multitude of studies nowadays. This is probably due to the impact of this phenomenon in various sectors of society, like social security, social assistance and public health. The process of aging of the individual imply the demand for specific services, considering the limitations and vulnerabilities of the individual at that stage of life cycle. The growth of the elderly contingent in the last decades raises challenges for policymakers, the family and also for the society at large. In this scenario, long-stay institutions for the elderly (LSIEs) appear as an option to aid and support the elderly and their family, assisting in all or part in the activities of daily living and self-care. Inside these LSIEs we find the professional responsible for the direct care of the elderly, the formal caregiver. In this context, this dissertation presents two main objectives: an analysis of the phenomenon of population aging in a given brazilian municipality Natal / RN, based on the Demographic Censuses of 2000 e 2010; and a social, demographic and economic characterization of the Formal caregiver for the institutionalized elderly in the municipality, evaluating aspects of his quality of life and also analyzing the institutions where they are inserted. Furthermore, we intend to identify demographic, socioeconomic and quality of life factors that are correlated with caregivers quitting the job. The data used in the second part of this work comes from the research project named Long-Stay Institutions for Elderly: abandonment or a family need? . This survey interviewed 92 caregivers in eleven LSIEs in Natal/RN. In the data treatment logistic regressions, cluster analysis and statistical tests were used. The survey revealed that aging in Natal is more pronounced in the older, more traditional districts: Petrópolis, Lagoa Seca and Tirol. It also allowed a broad characterization of the formal caregivers in LSIEs. Most of these professionals are female. The educational level is predominantly complete high school and more. Most caregivers reported being married or in union, or have ever been in a union. Family monthly income is under three times the minimum wage. The mean age is of 37.4 years. The mean time of work as a caregiver was 5.93 years. The associations showed that being woman, not being single, having caregiving training and physical limitations (regarding quality of life) are related to wanting to quit the caregiving job. As for the characterization of the LSIEs, it was found that the philanthropic ones are older and have most (62.5%) of the institutionalized elderly. The institutions managers gave social interaction and affinity with the elderly as the main criteria with which to evaluate and hire caregivers. It is intended with this study to contribute to improving the quality of life of the elderly and their caregiver, providing information on aspects of institutionalization of elderly both in the philanthropic and particular institutions, in Natal/RN; this dissertation may also be used as a starting point for later works

O direito fundamental contra a autoincriminação: a análise a partir de uma teoria do Processo Penal Constitucional

The right against self-incrimination is a fundamental right that works in the criminal prosecution, and therefore deserves a study supported by the general theory of criminal procedure. The right has a vague origin, and despite the various historical accounts only arises when there is a criminal procedure structured that aims to limit the State´s duty-power to punish. The only system of criminal procedure experienced that reconciles with seal self-incrimination is the accusatory model. The inquisitorial model is based on the construction of a truth and obtaining the confession at any cost, and is therefore incompatible with the right in study. The consecration of the right arises with the importance that fundamental rights have come to occupy in the Democratic Constitutional States. In the Brazilian experience before 1988 was only possible to recognize that self-incrimination represented a procedural burden for accused persons. Despite thorough debate in the Constituent Assembly, the right remains consecrated in a textual formula that´s closer to the implementation made by the Supreme Court of the United States, known as "Miranda warnings", than the text of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that established originally the right against self-incrimination with a constitutional status. However, the imprecise text does not prevent the consecration of the principle as a fundamental right in Brazilian law. The right against self-incrimination is a right that should be observed in the Criminal Procedure and relates to several of his canons, such as the the presumption of not guilty, the accusatory model, the distribution of the burden of proof, and especially the right of defense. Because it a fundamental right, the prohibition of self-incrimination deserves a proper study to her constitutional nature. For the definition of protected persons is important to build a material concept of accused, which is different of the formal concept over who is denounced on the prosecution. In the objective area of protection, there are two objects of protection of the norm: the instinct of self-preservation of the subject and the ability to self-determination. Configuring essentially a evidence rule in criminal procedure, the analysis of the case should be based on standards set previously to indicate respect for the right. These standard include the right to information of the accused, the right to counsel and respect the voluntary participation. The study of violations cases, concentrated on the element of voluntariness, starting from the definition of what is or is not a coercion violative of self-determination. The right faces new challenges that deserve attention, especially the fight against terrorism and organized crime that force the development of tools, resources and technologies about proves, methods increasingly invasive and hidden, and allow the use of information not only for criminal prosecution, but also for the establishment of an intelligence strategy in the development of national and public security