990 resultados para Extração de conhecimento


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As pesquisas brasileiras sobre produção de conhecimento no campo da Educação Especial iniciaram-se há mais de 15 anos. No presente objetivou-se analisar o tipo de conhecimento produzido nessa área frente à metodologia empregada nas dissertações e teses financiadas pelo Programa de Apoio a Educação Especial. Os trabalhos de conclusão de curso analisados referiam-se àqueles projetos aprovados pelo Proesp no âmbito do Estado de São Paulo. O período de análise ficou compreendido entre 2004 e 2008. Vinte e sete estudos foram localizados. A análise dos estudos foi realizada por meio de cinco categorias: 1) pesquisas que apresentaram generalização e aplicação imediata dos resultados; 2) pesquisas que apresentaram resultados imediatos para um grupo específico de participantes; 3) pesquisas descritivas com achados inovadores; 4) pesquisas de intervenção com achados inovadores; 5) pesquisas descritivas que corroboraram outras pesquisas. Foi possível concluir que os estudos avançaram nos conhecimentos sobre a inclusão e que o uso de metodologias pouco utilizadas no campo da educação serviu de subsídio para obter os resultados.

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A prescrição abusiva de medicamentos na odontologia constitui um desafio aos programas de saúde pública que visam corrigir a prescrição inadequada de fármacos. Os anti-inflamatórios não esteróides (AINE) podem alteram a eficácia dos anti-hipertensivos, elevando a pressão arterial, sobretudo em pacientes idosos e/ou com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). O objetivo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimentos dos cirurgiões-dentistas (CD) da rede pública da saúde da Prefeitura Municipal de São José dos Campos (PMSJC) sobre a prescrição de AINE a pacientes com HAS. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, realizado por meio de questionário aplicado aos 92 CD da PMSJC. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se os testes de Wald e de Fisher. A associação entre as variáveis foi estudada por meio da razão de chances (OR) com p-valor<0,05. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de conhecimento para a prescrição de AINE para pacientes com HAS foi insuficiente e as interações medicamentosas entre AINE e anti-hipertensivos são desconhecidas pela quase totalidade da amostra. Concluiu-se que os cursos de atualização em odontologia não estão suprindo as necessidades dos CD no âmbito da farmacoterapia.

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Fisioterapia é a ciência da saúde que estuda, previne e trata os distúrbios cinéticos funcionais em órgãos e sistemas do corpo humano. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a expectativa dos alunos do primeiro ao quinto semestre de fisioterapia sobre a atuação do fisioterapeuta em saúde pública e a expectativa desses alunos quanto à inserção do profissional de fisioterapia no Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF). Trata-se de estudo realizado na Faculdade Marechal Rondon, com 107 alunos, tendo como critério de exclusão os alunos do sétimo semestre. Foi usado um questionário, contendo onze questões, sendo oito de múltipla escolha e três dissertativas. Os dados passaram por tratamento estatístico, em que foram utilizadas a análise descritiva através do programa Microsoft Excel 2003 e análise do discurso do sujeito coletivo. A respeito da atuação do fisioterapeuta no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), 44% dos alunos consideram muito importante, 36% consideraram que o papel do fisioterapeuta no PSF é muito importante, enquanto 24% dos alunos consideram não saber informar quanto à eficácia de seu atendimento. Os alunos consideram importante a atuação do fisioterapeuta no SUS e PSF, mas pouco tem conhecimento sobre a atuação do fisioterapeuta em saúde pública.

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O Brasil está entre os principais exportadores de poaia [Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stoves] seguido do Panamá e Costa Rica. A poaia brasileira apresenta alto valor farmacológico das raízes devido aos teores de emetina e cefalina. Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever como as famílias de poaieiros mantém a memória cultural sobre a Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stoves. As informações foram coletadas no município de Cáceres, Mato Grosso, através de entrevista estruturada e observação participante com 20 homens e 10 mulheres, de faixa etária de 45 a 86 anos. Foram citadas as formas de utilização na alimentação para animais, inseticida, carrapaticida, emético, contra diarréias, para alívio de dor de cabeça, contra malária, bronquite e dor no estômago. A raiz é a parte mais usada e a forma de preparo é tintura ou misturada ao fumo, ao vinho ou à cachaça. Poucos entrevistados passaram aos filhos o conhecimento sobre a P. ipecacuanha. A memória cultural sobre a P. ipecacuanha deve-se a vivência, extração e comercialização da planta, e por ouvir as conversas dos pais com amigos. A perda de conhecimento associado a poaia é causada pelo êxodo rural, destruição do habitat com o desmatamento e ocupação agrícola. A extinção da espécie na região contribui para a erosão cultural.

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The current rhythm of petroliferous exploration is esteem that the existing reserves will be depleted in next the 45 years. Thus being, it has that to study intensely, what it has come to be fact, the alternative power plants, as well as the technologies economically capable to ultilizar them. The potential demand of biodiesel for 2020 is taken in consideration that, in accordance with the International Agency of Energia (AIE), in only eight countries, will jump of 34,7 million tons in 2010 for 133,8 million in 2020, with an increment next to 300%. The tame nut is a producing oil plant with all the qualities necessary to be transformed into oil diesel. Beyond perennial and of easy culture, it presents good conservation of the harvested seed, being able to become great producer of substance cousin as optional fuel source. For these authors, this is a culture that can be developed in the small properties, with the available familiar man power, being plus a source of income for the country properties of the Northeast Region. The objective of this work is to evidence the capacity of oil production of the nut-bellwether, and the quality of extration with hexano and methanol in 6 distinct times.

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The Gymnastics, in its extensive historical background, were part of the reasoning in the area now known as Physical Education. Deepening the knowledge from the historical Gymnastics during his education is extremely important for professional performance in Physical Education, as this knowledge can serve as a tool for the current configuration of the Gymnastics. Thus, this study presents a review of the literature that you want the frontline of the importance of historical knowledge Gymnastics during his education, is looking ahead to fetch reflect the current format of the same from an informed historically built as it is from the preservation of the knowledge that will be legitimized new avenues for the development of Gymnastics.

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In this paper, we consider Meneghetti & Bicudo's proposal (2003) regarding the constitution of mathematical knowledge and analyze it with respect to the following two focuses: in relation to conceptions of mathematical knowledge following the fundamentalist crisis in mathematics; and in the educational context of mathematics. The investigation of the first focus is done analyzing new claims in mathematical philosophy. The investigation of the second focus is done firstly via a theoretical reflection followed by an examination of the implementation of the proposal in the process of development of didactic materials for teaching and learning Mathematics. Finally, we present the main results of the application of one of those materials.

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In this paper, we provide a brief description of the multidisciplinary domain of research called Natural Language Processing (NLP), which aims at enabling the computer to deal with natural languages. In accordance with this description, NLP is conceived as "human language engineering or technology". Therefore, NLP requires consistent description of linguistic facts on every linguistic level: morphological, syntactic, semantic, and even the level of pragmatics and discourse. In addition to the linguistically-motivated conception of NLP, we emphasize the origin of such research field, the place occupied by NLP inside a multidisciplinary scenario, their objectives and challenges. Finally, we provide some remarks on the automatic processing of Brazilian Portuguese language.

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The effects of ultrasound on the wound healing process after teeth extractions were studied histologically. The right upper incisor was extracted in 56 rats. They were divided into 2 groups, one control (I) and one experimental (II). Group II received ultrasound stimulation that was applied with the frequency of repetition of 1,000 Hz and pulse length of 2,000 us continuously, during five minutes daily since the extraction day until 24 hours before the death. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 postoperative days. The results showed a precocious granulation tissue formation, faster remodeling of osseous ridges, and consequently acceleration of the alveolar wound healing process.

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Fifteen soil samples and four extradants (DTPA, Na 2EDTA, HCl and Mehlich 1) were used to study soil extraction methods for available zinc. Each extradant was studied in three soil:solution ratios (1:2, 1:4 and 1:10) and in three extraction periods in the ratio most frequently used. The zinc extracted by DTPA, Na 2EDTA and HCl was not affected by use of soil:solution ratios 1:2 and 1:4, but the amount extracted increased with the 1:10 ratio. In this relation, the variation coefficients increased. With Mehlich, no definite tendency was observed. The increase of extraction period for DTPA extractant, in 1:2 ratio, had little effect on the amount of zinc extracted and on the precision. As to Na 2EDTA extractant in 1:10 ratio, with the increase of extraction time, both increased. As to HCl and Mehlich, both in 1:4 ratio, the increase in extraction period had no effect on the amount of zinc extracted and no definite effect on the precision. Thus, the use of 1:2 ratio for DTPA and Na 2EDTA and 1:4 ratio for acid extractants is recommended. Concerning the period of extraction, 120 min should be used with DTPA and Na 2EDTA, 15 min with HCl and 5 min with Mehlich.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the extraction of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli from naturally infected dry bean seeds. Extraction methods tested included soaking whole seeds in sterilized saline phosphate buffer and crushing seeds after soaking in sterilized saline phosphate buffer. The bacterium was isolated on a semiselective agar medium. The seed crushing method was found to be more effective. The bacterium strains isolated were pathogenic to bean leaves, reacted with X. campestris pv. phaseoli antiserum, and had morphological and physiological/biochemical characteristics typical of the X. campestris pv. phaseoli.

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In this work was developed an alternative methodology to separation of aquatic organic matter (AOM) present in natural river waters. The process is based in temperature decreasing of the aqueous sample under controlled conditions that provoke the freezing of the sample and separation of the dark extract, not frozen and rich in organic matter. The results showed that speed of temperature decreasing exerts strongly influence in relative recovery of organic carbon, enrichment and time separation of the organic matter present in water samples. Elemental composition, infrared spectra and thermal analysis results showed that the alternative methodology is less aggressive possible in the attempt of maintaining the integrity of the sample.

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Several kinds of research in road extraction have been carried out in the last 6 years by the Photogrammetry and Computer Vision Research Group (GPF&VC - Grupo de Pesquisa em Fotogrametria e Visão Computacional). Several semi-automatic road extraction methodologies have been developed, including sequential and optimizatin techniques. The GP-F&VC has also been developing fully automatic methodologies for road extraction. This paper presents an overview of the GP-F&VC research in road extraction from digital images, along with examples of results obtained by the developed methodologies.

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The purpose of this paper is to introduce a methodology for semi-automatic road extraction from aerial digital image pairs by using dynamic programming and epipolar geometry. The method uses both images from where each road feature pair is extracted. The operator identifies the corresponding road featuresand s/he selects sparse seed points along them. After all road pairs have been extracted, epipolar geometry is applied to determine the automatic point-to-point correspondence between each correspondent feature. Finally, each correspondent road pair is georeferenced by photogrammetric intersection. Experiments were made with rural aerial images. The results led to the conclusion that the methodology is robust and efficient, even in the presence of shadows of trees and buildings or other irregularities.