Análise caracterização da dinâmica da Foz do Rio Apodi, região de Areia Branca/RN, com base na cartografia temática multitemporal de produtos de sensores remotos

The study area islocated in the northern cost of Rio Grande do Norte State, preciselyin a west zone of Apodi-Mossoró River, inclunding Tibau City, Grossos City and part of Mossoró City. Geologicaly, this area is composed by rokcs of Potiguar basin, represented by Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary sediments. This area is characterizer by the intense action of cosatal processes (eolic and costal tranports, generalized erosion, alteration in the sediments balance and coast modification), reponsable for it´s morfological instability, also the antropic interference, where the iol industry is located, next Mossoró City, and also the salt exploration industry and the tendency of expantion of shrimp cultivation. This report had as objective the multitemporalgeoenvorimentalmonitoring of the region by recognizingin the field and analizingimages of orbital sensors of diferents years of last four decades. This analisys was achieved by Digital Images Procesing (DIP) thecnics, com subsidized, in a GIS, the preparion of Thematic Maps of natural resources (Geology, Geomorphology and Use & Ocupatios of Earth) and the Envorimental Sensivity to Oil Spilling, main objective os this project. Such technics constitute important tools of envoriment monitoring and maneging, indicating tendencies of antropic of natural growing, making possible the apropiated planning of development of the region, where the steps can be indicated minimized possibles envorimental impacts caused by antropics interferencies on the region, mainly those related to industrial activities, and oil industry above all. Researchs of this nature are very important to the analisys and ordered manegements of use and ocupation of coastal places

Modelagem e desenvolvimento de um banco de dados geográficos : aplicação à elaboração de mapas de sensibilidade ambiental ao derramamento de óleo na área costeira entre galinhos e São Bento do Norte-RN

The area between Galinhos and São Bento do Norte beaches, located in the northern coast of the Rio Grande do Norte State is submitted to intense and constant processes of littoral and aeolian transport, causing erosion, alterations in the sediments balance and modifications in the shoreline. Beyond these natural factors, the human interference is huge in the surroundings due to the Guamaré Petroliferous Pole nearby, the greater terrestrial oil producing in Brazil. Before all these characteristics had been organized MAMBMARE and MARPETRO projects with the main objective to execute the geo-environmental monitoring of coastal areas on the northern portion of RN. There is a bulky amount of database from the study area such as geologic and geophysical multitemporal data, hydrodynamic measurements, remote sensing multitemporal images, thematic maps, among others; it is of extreme importance to elaborate a Geographic Database (GD), one of the main components of a Geographic Information System (GIS), to store this amount of information, allowing the access to researchers and users. The first part of this work consisted to elaborate a GD to store the data of the area between Galinhos and São Bento do Norte cities. The main goal was to use the potentiality of the GIS as a tool to support decisions in the environmental monitoring of this region, a valuable target for oil exploration, salt companies and shrimp farms. The collected data was stored as a virtual library to assist men decisions from the results presented as digital thematic maps, tables and reports, useful as source of data in the preventive planning and as guidelines to the future research themes both on regional and local context. The second stage of this work consisted on elaborate the Oil-Spill Environmental Sensitivity Maps. These maps based on the Environmental Sensitivity Index Maps to Oil Spill developed by the Ministry of Environment are cartographic products that supply full information to the decision making, contingency planning and assessment in case of an oil spilling incident in any area. They represent the sensitivity of the areas related to oil spilling, through basic data such as geology, geomorphology, oceanographic, social-economic and biology. Some parameters, as hydrodynamic data, sampling data, coastal type, declivity of the beach face, types of resources in risk (biologic, economic, human or cultural) and the land use of the area are some of the essential information used on the environmental sensitivity maps elaboration. Thus using the available data were possible to develop sensitivity maps of the study area on different dates (June/2000 and December/2000) and to perceive that there was a difference on the sensitivity index generated. The area on December presented more sensible to the oil than the June one because hydrodynamic data (wave and tide energy) allowed a faster natural cleaning on June. The use of the GIS on sensitivity maps showed to be a powerful tool, since it was possible to manipulate geographic data with correctness and to elaborate more accurate maps with a higher level of detail to the study area. This presented an medium index (3 to 4) to the long shore and a high index (10) to the mangrove areas highly vulnerable to oil spill

Aplicação de sensoriamento remoto e sistema de informação geográfica na determinação da vulnerabilidade natural e ambeintal do Município de Guamaré(RN): simulação de risco às atividades da indústria petrolífera

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Análise multitemporal dos elementos geoambientais da região da Ponta do Tubarão, área de influência dos campos petrolíferos de Macau e Serra, município de Macau/RN

The study area is inserted in Ponta do Tubarão region, Macau City, setentrional littoral of Rio Grande do Norte State, composed of Tertiary and Quatemary sedimentary rocks and sediments. This region is characterized for the intense action of the coastal processes, causing the morphologic instability in part of the area, beyond the interference of human activities, as the Petroliferous Industrial Polo, salt companies and shrimp farms. This justifies the integration of multidisciplinary and multitemporal detailed scientific studies dealing with the evaluation of the changing behavior of this coastal environment by geoenvironments elements characterization, identifying protected and recuperation areas, mainly those under socioeconomic intervention. The main objective was the coastal monitoring using geoprocessing techniques to prepare thematic maps useful for oil spilling environment risk areas survey. The methodology was based on multitemporal interpretation of remote sensing images and field checking, integrated in a Geographical Information System (GIS). The Geologic, Geomorphologic, Vegetation, Soil and Land Use maps were prepared, and later on they allowed the generation of the Natural Vulnerability and Environmental Vulnerability maps. These maps had been classified in accordance with vulnerability degrees: very low, low, medi um, high and very high. Beyond these maps the GIS allowed the analysis of the shoreline evolution for 10 distinct dates, using Landsat 5 TM and 7 ETM+ and SPOT-HRVIR images. This analysis made possible the attendance of the coastal morphodynamic evolution, where the results had been represented by areasof erosion and accretion (or deposition) of sediments, pointing critical areas under erosive process to the petroliferous industry (Macau and Serra fields). The GIS also provided to prepare the Environmental Sensitivity Maps of Oil Spill (SAO Maps) in operational scale (1: 10.000), according to the norms ofthe Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA 2002). The SAO Map in operational scale was based on IKONOS images mosaic where the ESI (Environmental Sensitivity Index) was represented according with two tides phases of theregion. Therewere recognizedfiveESI (3, 4,7,9, 1O) for the low tide; to the high tide the ESI number increased to seven (3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10). All these information are necessary to the decisions making about oi! spill and its derivatives containment. These techniques application makes possible the optimization and implantation ofnew socioeconomics activities of low environmental impact, indicates areas for better productivity and security exploration, and benefits local communities with fauna and flora preservation. The development of these activities is inserted in the scope of Monitoramento Ambiental de Áreas de Risco a Derrames de Petróleo e Seus Derivados Cooperation Project (Rede 05/01 - PETRORISCO, FINEP/CTPETRO/PETROBRAS) of multidisciplinary and interinstitucional characteristics dealing with subjects involving the environmental monitoring and the petroliferous activity

Cartografia temporal e análise geoambiental da dinâmica da foz do Rio Piranhas-Açu, regiao de Macau-RN, com base em imagens Landast 5-MT

This work embraces the application of Landsat 5-TM digital images, comprising August 2 1989 and September 22 1998, for temporal mapping and geoenvironmental analysis of the dynamic of Piranhas-Açu river mouth, situated in the Macau (RN) region. After treatment using several digital processing techniques (e.g. colour composition in RGB, ratio of bands, principal component analysis, index methods, among others), it was possible to generate several image products and multitemporal maps of the coastal morphodynamics of the studied area. Using the image products it was possible the identification and characterization of the principal elements of interest (vegetation, soil, geology and water) in the surface of the studied area, associating the spectral characteristics of these elements to that presented by the image products resulting of the digital processing. Thus, it was possible to define different types of soils: Amd, AQd6, SK1 and LVe4; vegetation grouping: open arboreal-shrubby caatinga, closed arborealshrubby caatinga, closed arboreal caatinga, mangrove vegetation, dune vegetation and areas predominately constituted by juremas; geological units: quaternary units beach sediments, sand banks, dune flats, barrier island, mobile dunes, fixed dunes, alluvium, tidal and inundation flats, and sandy facies of the Potengi Formation; tertiary-quaternary units Barreiras Formation grouped to the clayey facies of the Potengi Formation, Macau Formation grouped to the sediments of the Tibau Formation; Cretaceous units Jandaíra Formation; moreover it was to identify the sea/land limit, shallow submersed areas and suspended sediments. The multitemporal maps of the coastal morphodynamics allowed the identification and a semi-quantitative evoluation of regions which were submitted to erosive and constructive processes in the last decade. This semi-quantitative evoluation in association with an geoenvironmental characterization of the studied area are important data to the elaboration of actions that may minimize the possible/probable impacts caused by the implantation of the Polo Gas/Sal and to the monitoring of areas explorated by the petroleum and salt industries

Incorporação do vínculo de suavidade no ajuste de histórico de reservatórios de petróleo

The history match procedure in an oil reservoir is of paramount importance in order to obtain a characterization of the reservoir parameters (statics and dynamics) that implicates in a predict production more perfected. Throughout this process one can find reservoir model parameters which are able to reproduce the behaviour of a real reservoir.Thus, this reservoir model may be used to predict production and can aid the oil file management. During the history match procedure the reservoir model parameters are modified and for every new set of reservoir model parameters found, a fluid flow simulation is performed so that it is possible to evaluate weather or not this new set of parameters reproduces the observations in the actual reservoir. The reservoir is said to be matched when the discrepancies between the model predictions and the observations of the real reservoir are below a certain tolerance. The determination of the model parameters via history matching requires the minimisation of an objective function (difference between the observed and simulated productions according to a chosen norm) in a parameter space populated by many local minima. In other words, more than one set of reservoir model parameters fits the observation. With respect to the non-uniqueness of the solution, the inverse problem associated to history match is ill-posed. In order to reduce this ambiguity, it is necessary to incorporate a priori information and constraints in the model reservoir parameters to be determined. In this dissertation, the regularization of the inverse problem associated to the history match was performed via the introduction of a smoothness constraint in the following parameter: permeability and porosity. This constraint has geological bias of asserting that these two properties smoothly vary in space. In this sense, it is necessary to find the right relative weight of this constrain in the objective function that stabilizes the inversion and yet, introduces minimum bias. A sequential search method called COMPLEX was used to find the reservoir model parameters that best reproduce the observations of a semi-synthetic model. This method does not require the usage of derivatives when searching for the minimum of the objective function. Here, it is shown that the judicious introduction of the smoothness constraint in the objective function formulation reduces the associated ambiguity and introduces minimum bias in the estimates of permeability and porosity of the semi-synthetic reservoir model

Caracterização morfológica e sedimentologica da plataforma, continental brasileira adjacente aos municípios de Fortim, Aracati e Icapuí- CE

The study area is located on the Brazilian Continental Shelf adjacent to Ceará State, inserted in the submerged Potiguar Basin. This area was submitted to extensional efforts during Upper Cretaceous, associated to the begining of the rifting that resulted in African and South American Continent separation. The main goal of this research was to better understand the sedimentary and geomorphological characteristics of the continental shelf adjacent to Fortim, Aracati and Icapuí (Ceará State). The used data base included geophysical (sides scan sonar and bathymetry studies) and sedimentological survey, associated to satellite image processing and interpretation. Inferences about suspended material and longshore drift was possible using satellite images, and differente bedforms were characterized such as: different kinds of dunes (longitudinal, cross and oblique), bioclastic banks, paleochannels, flat and rock bottom. The researched area comprehended about 2509,13 km2, where 6 different sedimentary facies, based on sediment composition and texture, could be recognized, such as: Bioclastic Sand, Siliciclastic Sand, Biosiliciclastic Sand, Bioclastic gravel, Biosiliciclastic sand with granule and gravel, and Silicibioclastic sand with granule and gravel. The integration of bathymetric, satellite image, side scan sonar and sedimentological data allow us a better characterization of this continental shelf area, as to advance in the knowledge of the continental shelf of the state of Ceara, a very important area to the oil industry because of its potential exploration and e exploitation, and to environmental survey as well

Dobramentos distensionais e a geometria da falha de Baixa Grande, Graben de Umbuzeiro, Bacia Potiguar (RN)

In spite of significant study and exploration of Potiguar Basin, easternmost Brazilian equatorial margin, by the oil industry, its still provides an interesting discussion about its origin and the mechanisms of hydrocarbon trapping. The mapping and interpretation of 3D seismic reflection data of Baixa Grande Fault, SW portion of Umbuzeiro Graben, points as responsible for basin architecture configuration an extensional deformational process. The fault geometry is the most important deformation boundary condition of the rift stata. The development of flat-ramp geometries is responsible for the formation of important extensional anticline folds, many of then hydrocarbon traps in this basin segment. The dominant extensional deformation in the studied area, marked by the development of normal faults developments, associated with structures indicative of obliquity suggests variations on the former regime of Potiguar Basin through a multiphase process. The changes in structural trend permits the generation of local transpression and transtension zones, which results in a complex deformation pattern displayed by the Potiguar basin sin-rift strata. Sismostratigraphic and log analysis show that the Baixa Grande Fault acts as listric growing fault at the sedimentation onset. The generation of a relay ramp between Baixa Grande Fault and Carnaubais Fault was probably responsible for the balance between subsidence and sedimentary influx taxes, inhibiting its growing behaviour. The sismosequences analysis s indicates that the extensional folds generation its diachronic, and then the folds can be both syn- and post-depositional

Avaliação da dispersão de efluente líquido de refinaria de petróleo

Neste trabalho são apresentadas duas técnicas para a avaliação da dispersão, num corpo d'água receptor, do efluente líquido de uma refinaria de petróleo. Assim, a pluma de dispersão foi caracterizada por medidas em campo de condutividade elétrica e por simulação computacional (simulador Cormix). Como caso de estudo, escolheu-se uma refinaria de petróleo cujo efluente é lançado no rio Atibaia (Paulínia/SP). O comportamento do efluente foi avaliado em um trecho de 1000 m após o ponto de lançamento. Os resultados demonstraram que a medição da condutividade elétrica é uma técnica adequada para a avaliação da dispersão de efluentes líquidos de refinaria de petróleo, pois apresentam alta condutividade elétrica e, com isso, há um forte contraste entre os valores do efluente e do rio. Além disso, outros parâmetros de qualidade da água do rio seguiram comportamento de dispersão semelhante ao da condutividade. A pluma de dispersão gerada pelo simulador computacional apresentou uma elevada concordância com os dados obtidos em campo. Nesse sentido, a simulação computacional pode ser uma ferramenta útil para a avaliação da dispersão do efluente considerando-se cenários hipotéticos, e para projetos de emissários.

Aplicação da técnica de caminhamento elétrico em área contaminada por derivados de petróleo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Exploração de fatores de risco para lesões desportivas em atletas de tênis de mesa

A prática do tênis de mesa requer inúmeras ações dinâmicas que podem conduzir a lesões desportivas, por isso é de importância conhecer fatores inerentes ao traumatismo nos atletas para posterior formulação dos modelos preventivos. Objetivou-se explorar os fatores de risco para lesões desportivas em mesa-tenistas. Para isso, foram entrevistados 111 atletas participantes do Campeonato Paulista de Tênis de Mesa, com média de idade de 22,39±8,88 anos de ambos os gêneros, recrutados ao acaso, classificados em dois níveis competitivos: regional/estadual e nacional/internacional. Utilizou-se o Inquérito de Morbidade Referida adaptado com as características do tênis de mesa com a finalidade de reunir dados pessoais, de treinamento e da lesão desportiva. Foram observadas 0,51 lesões por atleta, e os atletas de nível nacional/internacional apresentaram maiores índices de lesão (52,94%) do que os de nível estadual/regional (48,84%). No gesto específico, notou-se que os membros superiores (93,62%) e o tronco (87,5%) são os locais mais acometidos. Para ambos os níveis, o treinamento foi o momento mais relatado de ocorrência dos agravos. Conclui-se que atletas de nível nacional/internacional possuem maiores índices de lesão e que o gesto específico é a principal causa das lesões, acometendo principalmente os membros superiores e o tronco e ocorrendo com maior frequência durante o treinamento.

Recuperação de solos degradados na exploração mineral de cassiterita: biomassa microbiana e atividade da desidrogenase

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Adolescentes em situação de prostituição: uma análise sobre a exploração sexual comercial na sociedade contemporânea

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal compreender os processos que conduzem à produção da exploração sexual comercial de adolescentes na sociedade contemporânea. Realizamos uma análise da literatura da área e um estudo de campo, que contou com a participação de 14 adolescentes do sexo feminino, que se encontravam em situação de prostituição. Foram utilizados como procedimentos metodológicos: aplicação de questionários-entrevista, realização de entrevistas abertas, observações e informações de educadoras sociais. Elaboramos o perfil sócio-demográfico das adolescentes e suas famílias e criamos categorias temáticas expressivas dos conteúdos identificados. Constatamos que na produção do fenômeno encontram-se presentes múltiplos fatores que se entrecruzam de forma sinérgica nas trajetórias de vida das adolescentes. Ações de enfrentamento ao fenômeno requerem ações macro-estruturais e focais, nos mostrando a necessidade de repensarmos as concepções sobre os direitos das crianças e adolescentes, vivência de sexualidade, valores culturais e sociais, que acabam por permitir a emergência e perpetuação da exploração sexual comercial de crianças e adolescentes.

Metodologia para determinar parâmetros petrofísicos de corte em um campo de petróleo: o caso Socororo, bacia do Oriente, Venezuela

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cartera de inversiones de los países exportadores de petróleo: diversificación orientada hacia América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía