Prevenção de quedas - capacitar para prevenir

Relatório de Estagio apresentado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre na Especialidade de Enfermagem Comunitária

Évaluation d’activités de transfert de connaissances auprès d’infirmières pour la détection du délirium post-chirurgie cardiaque

La détection du délirium à l’aide d’outils est importante pour pouvoir intervenir le plus rapidement et efficacement possible. Le but de ce projet de recherche est d’évaluer l’efficacité d’une intervention de transfert de connaissances (TC) sur mesure auprès d’infirmières sur le taux d’utilisation conforme d’un outil de détection du délirium (ODD). L’intervention auprès d’infirmières a été basée sur les barrières et facilitateurs à utiliser un tel ODD identifiés par un questionnaire (n=30) et deux groupes de discussion (n=4). Les barrières identifiées par le questionnaire reflétaient un besoin de connaissances et d’amélioration des compétences infirmières. L’une des barrières identifiée à partir des groupes de discussion était le manque de connaissances sur les causes possibles du délirium et les interventions infirmières à privilégier selon ces causes. Les activités de TC retenues étaient une capsule clinique sur les manifestations du délirium évaluées par un ODD et une carte aide-mémoire sur des interventions infirmières possibles. Les taux d’utilisation de l’ODD ont été évalués en pré et post implantation d’une intervention de TC (devis pré-post test) à partir d’une revue de 242 dossiers médicaux de patients (avant n=121 ; après n=121). Aucune différence significative n’a été notée entre les périodes pré et post intervention de TC (p > .99). Une explication réside dans le taux déjà élevé (> 85%) d’utilisation de l’ODD observé avant l’intervention de TC pour deux des trois quarts de travail. L’intervention de TC basée sur les barrières et les facilitateurs a été appréciée par les infirmières et elle pourrait avoir le potentiel de promouvoir une pratique basée sur les résultats probants.

Prevenção de quedas - capacitar para prevenir

Relatório de Estagio apresentado para a obtenção do grau de Mestre na Especialidade de Enfermagem Comunitária

Análisis de las barreras para la unificación de una Historia Clínica Electrónica -HCE- en Colombia

Objetivo: Identificar las barreras para la unificación de una Historia Clínica Electrónica –HCE- en Colombia. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales y expertos de 22 instituciones del sector salud, de Bogotá y de los departamentos de Cundinamarca, Santander, Antioquia, Caldas, Huila, Valle del Cauca. Resultados: Colombia se encuentra en una estructuración para la implementación de la Historia Clínica Electrónica Unificada -HCEU-. Actualmente, se encuentra en unificación en 42 IPSs públicas en el departamento de Cundinamarca, el desarrollo de la HCEU en el país es privado y de desarrollo propio debido a las necesidades particulares de cada IPS. Conclusiones: Se identificaron barreras humanas, financieras, legales, organizacionales, técnicas y profesionales en los departamentos entrevistados. Se identificó que la unificación de la HCE depende del acuerdo de voluntades entre las IPSs del sector público, privado, EPSs, y el Gobierno Nacional.

Contributos da gestão de qualidade nas práticas em fisioterapia : o caso particular das percepções dos fisioterapeutas que trabalham junto de crianças e jovens com bronquiolite viral aguda

Durante os últimos anos tem sido preocupação dos fisioterapeutas conduzir a investigação para melhorar a eficácia, eficiência e efectividade dos tratamentos que prestam e que conduzam aos melhores resultados possíveis, com base na melhor evidência científica disponível. Esta investigação tinha como objectivo principal perceber qual o contributo que a Gestão da Qualidade dá às práticas em fisioterapia, investigar quais as barreiras e obstáculos, que os fisioterapeutas percepcionam na implementação da prática baseada na evidência na sua prática clínica e examinar as atitudes perante a investigação em fisioterapia. A amostra foi constituída por treze fisioterapeutas e a recolha dos dados feita através de uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Verificou-se que no geral, os fisioterapeutas, revelam atitudes e comportamentos positivos relativos à Prática Baseada na Evidência, tendo ainda dificuldade em usá-la a seu favor. Constatou-se que os principais obstáculos á implementação da Prática Baseada na Evidência são de ordem individual, institucional e organizacional. Sendo que o maior obstáculo se prende com a existência de recursos disponíveis para acesso à informação. /ABSTRACT: During the last years it’s been the physical therapists concern to lead the research to improve efficacy, efficiency e effectiveness of treatments which they provide and that they lead to the best achievable results, based in the best scientific evidence available. This research had as its main goal, understand what contribute does the quality management give to the physiotherapy practice, discover which barriers and obstacles are perceived, by the physical therapists, in the evidence-based practice implementation and analyze their attitudes and behavior towards physiotherapy research. The sample was formed by thirteen physical therapists and the data was collected by a semi- structured interview. The results showed that generally, the physical therapists demonstrated positive attitude and behavior regarding Evidence-Based Practice having, nevertheless, difficulties using it in their profit and benefit. The study revealed that the principle obstacles perceived, in the implementation of Evidence-Based Practice are of individual, institutional and organizational order. The biggest obstacle perceived is the availability of resources to achieve information.

Nursing Interventions in Prevention and Healing of Leg Ulcers: Systematic Review of the Literature

Aim: The purpose of this study was to define nursing interventions for patients with venous, arterial or mixed leg ulcers. Methodology: A survey was conducted in EBSCO (CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE with Full Text), MedicLatina, Academic Search Complete, with full text articles, published between 2008/01/01 and 2015/01/31, with the following keywords: [(MM "leg ulcer") OR (wound care) OR (wound healing)] AND [(nursing) OR (nursing assessment) OR (nursing intervention)]. Results: The different leg ulcer etiologies require different therapeutic approach to prevention and treatment. Predictive factors were identified associated with healing: patient-centred care, interpersonal relationship, pain control, control of the exudate, education for health self-management, self-care, therapeutic compliance, implementation of guidelines, auditing and feedback on the practices. Conclusion: Evidence-based practice helps to improve efficiency, safety and quality of nursing care directed to people with leg ulcers or at risk of developing this type of wounds.

Worldwide Wound Healing - Innovation in Natural and Conventional Methods

The book Worldwide Wound Healing - Innovation in Natural and Conventional Methods develops a set of themes on the healing and treatment of complex wounds through evidence-based practice with innovations in the use of natural and conventional methods. It is an innovative way that promotes the integration of conventional and natural perspectives in wound healing, with a unique focus on the quality of life of the patient.

Uncovering the evidence of non-expert nephrology nursing practice

Expertise in nursing has been widely studied although there have been no previous studies into what constitutes expertise in nephrology (renal) nursing. This paper, which is abstracted from a larger study into the acquisition and exercise of nephrology nursing expertise, provides evidence of the characteristics and practices of non-expert nephrology nurses. Using the grounded theory method, the study took place in one renal unit in New South Wales, Australia, and involved six non-expert and 11 expert nurses. Sampling was purposive then theoretical. Simultaneous data collection and analysis using participant observation, review of nursing documentation and semistructured interviews was undertaken. The study revealed a three-stage skills-acquisitive process that was identified as non-expert, experienced non-expert and expert stages. Non-expert nurses showed superficial nephrology nursing knowledge and limited experience; they were acquiring basic nephrology nursing skills and possessed a narrow focus of practice.

Experience of being an advanced practice nurse within Australian acute care settings : a systematic review of qualitative evidence

Background Nationally and internationally, advanced practice nurses are working under various titles and in different contexts to address gaps within healthcare systems. Analysis of advanced practice roles in different countries has been undertaken, but due to variations in cultural, geographical and professional factors, it is difficult and perhaps ineffectual to compare roles between countries. Contextual factors may also affect the actual experience of being an advanced practice nurse. A systematic review was therefore undertaken of qualitative evidence on the experience of being an advanced practice nurse in Australia, to provide deeper understanding of the role in the defined context. Methods The review followed the method for qualitative synthesis as per the Joanna Briggs Institute. An extensive search was undertaken of databases and online resources to find published and unpublished studies. Papers from 1990 to October 2011 which met specified inclusion criteria were appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument. Results Three published studies and one unpublished dissertation were included in the review. From these studies, 216 findings were extracted and these were formed into 18 categories. Six meta-syntheses grouped under the headings of expert knowledge, confidence, education, relationships, negative experiences and patient-centred experience were created. Organisational factors impact greatly on the experience, professionally and personally. Conclusions Heterogeneity of role titles makes synthesis a difficult process, but contextualising the population provides a pragmatic approach to informing the status of the advanced practice nurse discourse. The review identifies positive and negative experiences of being an advanced practice nurse in Australian acute care settings with overlapping and intertwining findings that reinforce the complexity of the role.

Design and Development of a Film-based Intervention about Teenage Men and Unintended Pregnancy: Applying the Medical Research Council Framework in Practice

Following the UK Medical Research Council’s (MRC) guidelines for the development and evaluation of complex interventions, this study aimed to design, develop and optimise an educational intervention about young men and unintended teenage pregnancy based around an interactive film. The process involved identification of the relevant evidence base, development of a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of unintended teenage pregnancy in relation to young men, and exploratory mixed methods research. The result was an evidence-based, theory-informed, user-endorsed intervention designed to meet the much neglected pregnancy education needs of teenage men and intended to increase both boys’ and girls’ intentions to avoid an unplanned pregnancy during adolescence. In prioritising the development phase, this paper addresses a gap in the literature on the processes of research-informed intervention design. It illustrates the application of the MRC guidelines in practice while offering a critique and additional guidance to programme developers on the MRC prescribed processes of developing interventions. Key lessons learned were: 1) know and engage the target population and engage gatekeepers in addressing contextual complexities; 2) know the targeted behaviours and model a process of change; and 3) look beyond development to evaluation and implementation.

Pre-operative fasting for intravenous conscious sedation used in dental treatment: are conclusions based on relative risk management or evidence?

Intravenous sedation is a widely used pharmacological method of patient management commonly used in dental surgery for the treatment of anxious patients. Variety exists in fasting regimes between different centres offering dental sedation, with some advocating starvation in line with general anaesthesia protocols and others not enforcing starvation at all. The currently available guidelines on fasting protocols are ambiguous and open to interpretation partly because they are based on expert opinion rather than evidence-based research. This article reviews the available evidence on the subject of pre-operative fasting and discusses current guidelines.

A practice-based culminating experience: Writing a HRSA grant application with Texas Organ Sharing Alliance for public education efforts to increase solid organ donation

In November 2010, nearly 110,000 people in the United States were waiting for organs for transplantation. Despite the fact that the organ donor registration rate has doubled in the last year, Texas has the lowest registration rate in the nation. Due to the need for improved registration rates in Texas, this practice-based culminating experience was to write an application for federal funding for the central Texas organ procurement organization, Texas Organ Sharing Alliance. The culminating experience has two levels of significance for public health – (1) to engage in an activity to promote organ donation registration, and (2) to provide professional experience in grant writing. ^ The process began with a literature review. The review was to identify successful intervention activities in motivating organ donation registration that could be used in intervention design for the grant application. Conclusions derived from the literature review included (1) the need to specifically encourage family discussions, (2) religious and community leaders can be leveraged to facilitate organ donation conversations in families, (3) communication content must be culturally sensitive and (4) ethnic disparities in transplantation must be acknowledged and discussed.^ Post the literature review; the experience followed a five step process of developing the grant application. The steps included securing permission to proceed, assembling a project team, creation of a project plan and timeline, writing each element of the grant application including the design of proposed intervention activities, and completion of the federal grant application. ^ After the grant application was written, an evaluation of the grant writing process was conducted. Opportunities for improvement were identified. The first opportunity was the need for better timeline management to allow for review of the application by an independent party, iterative development of the budget proposal, and development of collaborative partnerships. Another improvement opportunity was the management of conflict regarding the design of the intervention that stemmed from marketing versus evidence-based approaches. The most important improvement opportunity was the need to develop a more exhaustive evaluation plan.^ Eight supplementary files are attached to appendices: Feasibility Discussion in Appendix 1, Grant Guidance and Workshop Notes in Appendix 2, Presentation to Texas Organ Sharing Alliance in Appendix 3, Team Recruitment Presentation in Appendix 5, Grant Project Narrative in Appendix 7, Federal Application Form in Appendix 8, and Budget Workbook with Budget Narrative in Appendix 9.^

Promoting better use of the PSA test in general practice: Randomized controlled trial of educational strategies based on outreach visits and mailout

Background. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate cancer is controversial. Demand for PSA testing is likely to rise in the UK, Australia and other western countries. Primary care needs to develop appropriate strategies to respond to this demand. Objectives. Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of educational outreach visits (EOVs) and mailout strategies targeting PSA testing in Australian primary care. Methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in general practices in southern Adelaide. The main outcome measures at baseline, 6 months and 12 months post-intervention were PSA testing rates and GP knowledge in key areas relating to prostate cancer and PSA testing. Results. The interventions were able to demonstrate a change in clinical practice. In the 6 months post-intervention, median PSA testing rate in the EOV group was significantly lower than in the postal group, which in turn was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were not, however, maintained in the 6-12 month post-intervention period. The EOV group, at 6 months follow-up, had a significantly greater proportion of 'correct' responses than the control group to questions about prostate cancer treatment effectiveness (P = 0.004) and endorsement of PSA screening by professional bodies (P = 0.041). Conclusions. Primary care has a central role in PSA testing for prostate cancer. Clinical practice in this area is receptive to evidence-based interventions.