Da emigra����o entre continentes em E��a de Queiroz: da correspondência consular �� obra liter��ria

Nas ��ltimas tr��s d��cadas do s��culo XIX, dado o estado de abatimento sentido no pa��s, E��a de Queiroz, plenamente integrado no ambiente buli��oso e efervescente da sua gera����o, compara a situa����o de Portugal com a da Gr��cia, pa��ses que considera ca��ticos, dadas as pol��ticas de rotina e sem imagina����o que n��o conduzem o pa��s ao desenvolvimento e ao progresso. De facto, Portugal n��o consegue acompanhar o ritmo dos outros pa��ses europeus e obriga os portugueses a emigrar. A principal caracter��stica da sua escrita �� a ironia, aproximando-se da posi����o socr��tica, uma arma de interven����o intelectual, de cariz ��tico, vinculadora e libertadora, que lhe permite intervir e depurar problemas do seu tempo, procurando construir um Portugal como entendia que deveria ser. Durante o percurso de vida que permeia a publica����o de As Farpas e de Uma Campanha Alegre, e na correspondência e a obra liter��ria, E��a de Queiroz questiona o ���sonho americano���, que muitos portugueses quiseram experimentar, e o brasileiro, no ��mbito de uma vasta cr��tica �� sociedade burguesa. A defesa da mudan��a do rumo da emigra����o portuguesa da Am��rica do Norte para o Brasil prende-se com a rela����o de ilus��o/desilus��o que marca a sua experi��ncia consular em Havana e as viagens que faz. O pensamento do escritor e c��nsul evolui para o entendimento da emigra����o, como a arte, �� considerada uma das for��as civilizadoras da humanidade. Muitas da suas personagens circulam entre o Velho e Novo Mundo, t��m um p�� dentro e outro fora do pa��s, migram pelas mais variadas raz��es, fazendo retratos nas suas obras das suas movimenta����es, construindo uma est��tica sobre o pa��s que se baseia na ��tica dos valores humanos que possui e na experi��ncia que adquiriu.

Efici��ncia e raz��o de hedge: uma an��lise dos mercados futuro brasileiros de boi, caf��, etanol, milho e soja

This research aims to investigate the Hedge Efficiency and Optimal Hedge Ratio for the future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol, corn and soybean. This paper uses the Optimal Hedge Ratio and Hedge Effectiveness through multivariate GARCH models with error correction, attempting to the possible phenomenon of Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period. The Optimal Hedge Ratio must be bigger in the intercrop period due to the uncertainty related to a possible supply shock (LAZZARINI, 2010). Among the future contracts studied in this research, the coffee, ethanol and soybean contracts were not object of this phenomenon investigation, yet. Furthermore, the corn and ethanol contracts were not object of researches which deal with Dynamic Hedging Strategy. This paper distinguishes itself for including the GARCH model with error correction, which it was never considered when the possible Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period were investigated. The commodities quotation were used as future price in the market future of BM&FBOVESPA and as spot market, the CEPEA index, in the period from May 2010 to June 2013 to cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and to August 2012 to soybean, with daily frequency. Similar results were achieved for all the commodities. There is a long term relationship among the spot market and future market, bicausality and the spot market and future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and unicausality of the future price of soybean on spot price. The Optimal Hedge Ratio was estimated from three different strategies: linear regression by MQO, BEKK-GARCH diagonal model, and BEKK-GARCH diagonal with intercrop dummy. The MQO regression model, pointed out the Hedge inefficiency, taking into consideration that the Optimal Hedge presented was too low. The second model represents the strategy of dynamic hedge, which collected time variations in the Optimal Hedge. The last Hedge strategy did not detect Optimal Hedge Ratio differential between the crop and intercrop period, therefore, unlikely what they expected, the investor do not need increase his/her investment in the future market during the intercrop

A Corrup����o burocr��tica inibe o empreendedorismo? uma an��lise emp��rica dos estados brasileiros

This work aims to investigate the relationship between the entrepreneurship and the incidence of bureaucratic corruption in the states of Brazil and Federal District. The main hypothesis of this study is that the opening of a business in Brazilian states is negatively affected by the incidence of corruption. The theoretical reference is divided into Entrepreneurship and bureaucratic corruption, with an emphasis on materialistic perspective (objectivist) of entrepreneurship and the effects of bureaucratic corruption on entrepreneurial activity. By the regression method with panel data, we estimated the models with pooled data and fixed and random effects. To measure corruption, I used the General Index of Corruption for the Brazilian states (BOLL, 2010), and to represent entrepreneurship, firm entry per capita by state. Tests (Chow, Hausman and Breusch-Pagan) indicate that the random effects model is more appropriate, and the preliminary results indicate a positive impact of bureaucratic corruption on entrepreneurial activity, contradicting the hypothesis expected and found in previous articles to Brazil, and corroborating the proposition of Dreher and Gassebner (2011) that, in countries with high regulation, bureaucratic corruption can be grease in the wheels of entrepreneurship

Situa����es de Risco, Trabalho e Sa��de de Imigrantes Brasileiros: representa����es sociais

This study searches in approaching diverse pertinent aspects to the immigration process that affects the countries of the European Union especially in Portugal. The works deriving from this research has its objective in: analyzing the risk, work and health in Brazilian immigrants residing in Lisbon, Portugal. As methodological way, we use the instruments: Test of Free Association of Words and half-structuralized interview. For in such a way, they had been processed in software s for analysis between them: SPSS 14,5, Evoc, Trideux and Alceste. The not-boarded results in this study will be worked as clippings and will be sent for posterior publication. Thus, I consider this work enriching, in view of contributing of the same as mechanisms of understanding of being a immigrant and the possibility of the mobilization of the society and the academic environment for a phenomenon growing each time more, especially, the professionals of health, so we can intervine in a more necessary form within the factors that affects this population layer directly

Preval��ncia e fatores associados da s��ndrome de Osgood-Schlatter em uma amostra populacional de adolescentes brasileiros

Osgood-Schlatter (O-S) syndrome, a pathology of the musculoskeletal system, exhibits high incidence in adolescence, a phase of accelerated bone growth. Detection of physiopathological mechanisms that may cause disorders and dysfunctions in bone growth must be taken into account when planning physical activities, in order to promote normal physiological growth patterns. The aim of this epidemiological investigation was to identify and analyze the relationships between sociodemographic, anthropometric and clinical aspects and O-S. A cross-sectional design was used, with a representative sample of 956 subjects: 474 (49.6%) males and 482 (50.4%) females. Age range varied between 12 and 15 years (mean = 13.7��1.04). We used a battery of tests, previously applied in a pilot study, which met the aims of the investigation. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) were used and the odds ratio was calculated from bivariate and multivariate logistic regression (p<0.05). A prevalence of 9.8% was found (n = 94 cases): 11% males and 8.3% females. Hierarchized multivariate analysis showed a significant association between regular physical activities (OR= 1.94; CI 95%, 1.22-3.10) and shortening of the rectus femoris muscle (OR= 7.15; CI 95%, 2.86-17.86). The results may serve as a basis for therapeutic and prophylactic measures, in addition to increasing our knowledge of this syndrome in Brazilian adolescents. This investigation used a multidisciplinary approach, involving elements of anatomy, nutrition, physical education and physical therapy to elucidate the object under study related to Osgood-Schlatter syndrome

Representa����es sociais de enfermeiros brasileiros e portugueses sobre o estresse em servi��o de urg��ncia

This study aimed to analyze the social representations of Brazilian and Portuguese nurses on stress in the emergency service. A semi-structured interview and the free word association test, with "stress" as the inductive stimulus, were used as research instruments. Data were collected from 120 nurses, being 60 from an emergency hospital in the city of Natal, Brazil and 60 from an urgency hospital in the city of Aveiro, Portugal. Data from the word association test were analyzed with the EVOC 2002 program, after thematic categorical content analysis, enabling construction of a data bank. Data gathered from the interview were analyzed by ALCESTE 4.8 software. Nurse represent the stress in the urgency department as a generation of physical and mental detrition where adaptation is unsatisfactorily, resulting in the onset of fatigne, irritability, lack of concentration, lack of motivation, pessimism, impaired interpersonal relationship and low productivity. The solution is part of a complex whole, which demands an integrated way of acting that has demanded increasingly professional attitudes based on multidisciplinarity

Medidas de par��metros morfol��gicos e funcionais do Cora����o em brasileiros: um subestudo do primeiro registro multic��ntricos latino-americano em resson��ncia magn��tica cardi��ca

There is no data about cardiac measurements em Brazilians obtained by CMR. This a muldisciplinary study with the objective of obtaining measurements of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) diastolic diameter (Dd), systolic diameter (Ds), diastolic volume (Dv), systolic volume (Sv), ejection fraction (EF) and myocardial mass in Brazilians. One hundred and seven (54 men and 53 women, mean age of 43.4 �� 13.1 years) asymptomatic individuals without heart disease were submitted to cardiac magnetic resonance (cMR) studies using steady state free precession technique. The means and standard deviations of the parameters of the LV and RV were respectively: LVDD = 4,8 �� 0,5 cm; LVSD = 3,0��0,6 cm; LVDV = 128,4��29,6 ml; LVSV = 45,2��16,6 ml; LVEF = 65,5��6,3%; LV mass = 95,2��30,8.1 g; RVDD = 3,9��1,3 cm; RVSD = 2,5��0,5 cm; RVDV = 126,5��30,7 ml; RVSV = 53.6��18,4 ml; RVEF = 58.3��8,0.0% and RV mass = 26,1��6,1 g. The masses and volumes were significantly higher in men, except for the LVSV. The RV EF was significantly higher in women. There was inverse correlation between RV systolic volume and with age, being more significant in men. This study describes for the first time benchmarks for cardiac measurements obtained by CMR among asymptomatic Brazilians individuals without heart disease and demonstrated differences according to sex and age