Temporal polyethism and life expectancy of workers in the eusocial wasp polistes canadensis canadensis Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Taller sobre programas para trabajadores migratorios temporales: compilación de trabajos = Workshop on temporary migrant workers programs: compilation of works

Incluye Bibliografía

A metamorfose da atuação política do Partido dos Trabalhadores 1987-1991

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Women workers in the Caribbean: a selection of ECLAC research

Includes bibliography

People and workers in Latin America: simulation experiments with population and the labour force in selected countries

Includes bibliography

The retirement outlook for Chile's independently employed workers: a case study of attitudes and saving behavior

Includes bibliography

Domestic Workers in Jamaica

This paper addresses how and why domestic workers in Jamaica are disenfranchised, with particular emphasis on the law’s inability to combat their exploitation in the labour force. My starting point is an online newspaper article entitled “Coping as a Domestic Helper”, which was based on a study investigating the living standard and coping strategies of minimum wage earners. In Jamaica domestic workers fall into three main categories - the residential worker, the non-residential weekly worker and the daily worker. Domestic workers are undervalued and their plight is especially grievous because they are characterized by a number of features that combine to have an exponentially negative effect on their social worth.

Contabilizando os custos do trabalho escravo em empresas e fazendas

Os estudiosos da escravidão contemporânea identificam nessas formas de imobilização da força de trabalho mecanismos próprios de recrutamento e seleção de trabalhadores e estratégias particulares de revigoramento frente às disposições de ordem pública. Diferentemente do que é dito correntemente, a escravidão observada no mundo contemporâneo nem sempre está relacionada com o fazendeiro de mentalidade arcaica, mas geralmente é um processo conduzido pelas grandes empresas capitalistas, empreendimento privado que teve apoio direto ou indireto do Estado. No Brasil, segundo Martins (1995), o revigoramento da escravidão por dívida se deu com a expansão capitalista na região amazônica durante o regime militar, pautada na dívida como elemento que produz e reproduz o cativeiro do trabalhador (peão) envolvido nessas relações. Existiria, portanto, uma racionalidade na prática de trabalho escravo, decorrente da busca incessante de meios para reduzir custos e ganhar competitividade no mercado, cada vez mais moderno e globalizado. Por outro lado, existe também uma irracionalidade que cria empecilhos para sua expansão pela não mercantilização de todos os fatores envolvidos, inclusive a força de trabalho. O presente estudo analisou casos de escravidão por dívida no Estado do Pará, onde a conjugação de diversos fatores possibilita a reprodução dessa forma de relação de trabalho, inclusive diferenciando-a de outras regiões do Brasil. Considerando que os contextos são específicos, buscamos fazer uma análise do processo histórico, para entender se a raiz dessa dinâmica está na formação econômica e social do Brasil e da Amazônia, assim como buscamos entender qual a racionalidade econômica está por trás da prática do trabalho escravo e qual sua relação com o processo global de reprodução do capital.

Lutas populares e democratização da escola pública no Estado do Paraná (1983 a 2010)

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Energetic cost of digging behavior in workers of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (Fabricius)

Energetic cost of digging behavior in workers of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens (Fabricius). During nest excavation, leaf-cutting ant workers undergo reduction in their body reserve, particularly carbohydrates. In order to estimate the energetic cost of digging, groups of 30 workers of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens were sealed in a hermetic chamber for 24, 48 and 72 hours, with and without soil for digging, and had the CO2 concentration measured using respirometric chambers as well as volume of soil excavated (g). As expected, the worker groups that carried out soil excavation expelled more carbon dioxide than the groups that did not excavate. Therefore, a worker with body mass of 9.65 ± 1.50 mg dug in average 0.85 ± 0.27 g of soil for 24 hours, consuming ca. 0.58 ± 0.23 J. In this study, we calculate that the energetic cost of excavation per worker per day in the experimental set-up was ca. 0.58 J.

Energy substrate used by workers of leaf-cutting ants during nest excavation

Energy substrate used by workers of leaf-cutting ants during nest excavation. In this study we aimed to ascertain whether leaf-cutting ant workers lose body reserves (fat or sugars) as a function of nest excavation. For each treatment, we isolated 10 workers of Atta sexdens into two experimental groups, Control (C- without excavation) and Soil (S- with excavation), which were kept for different time intervals (0, 24, 48 or 72 hours), totaling 700 tested workers. We then determined the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and total lipid content in them. The total carbohydrates were determined colorimetrically, based on the reaction between carbohydrates and sulfuric acid-phenol. For determination of lipids, the insects were immersed in organic solvent until they reached a constant weight. Our results showed that carbohydrates are consumed during nest excavation activities. In the experimental groups S24, S48 and S72, there was an average reduction of 5.82 (20.42%), 14.31 (44.96%) and 13.27 (43.96%) µ.mg-1 in soluble sugar when compared with the experimental groups that did not excavate. Furthermore, the lipids were not used during this activity. With respect to dry mass of the workers, their values were C0 = 8%, C24 = 10.4%, C48 = 9.2%, C72 = 10%, S24 = 9.2%, S48 = 8.7% and S72 = 8.5%. Our results show experimentally that the source of energy for nest excavation is carbohydrates, whereas lipids are conserved for other activities.

A democratização da educação no município de Sarandi, Paraná: as diretrizes educacionais do governo do PT (2001-2008)

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Skin diseases reported by workers from UNESP campus at Rubiao Jr, Botucatu-SP (Brazil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)