Estudo comparativo de pás para aerogeradores de grande porte fabricadas em materiais compósitos reforçadas com fibra de carbono ou fibra de vidro

The research and development of wind turbine blades are essential to keep pace with worldwide growth in the renewable energy sector. Although currently blades are typically produced using glass fiber reinforced composite materials, the tendency for larger size blades, particularly for offshore applications, has increased the interest on carbon fiber reinforced composites because of the potential for increased stiffness and weight reduction. In this study a model of blade designed for large generators (5 MW) was studied on a small scale. A numerical simulation was performed to determine the aerodynamic loading using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Two blades were then designed and manufactured using epoxy matrix composites: one reinforced with glass fibers and the other with carbon fibers. For the structural calculations, maximum stress failure criterion was adopted. The blades were manufactured by Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM), typical for this type of component. A weight comparison of the two blades was performed and the weight of the carbon fiber blade was approximately 45% of the weight of the fiberglass reinforced blade. Static bending tests were carried out on the blades for various percentages of the design load and deflections measurements were compared with the values obtained from finite element simulations. A good agreement was observed between the measured and calculated deflections. In summary, the results of this study confirm that the low density combined with high mechanical properties of carbon fibers are particularly attractive for the production of large size wind turbine blades

Estudo de reatores eletroquímicos para remoção de Cu2+ , Zn2+, Fenol e BTEX em água produzida

The production of water has become one of the most important wastes in the petroleum industry, specifically in the up stream segment. The treatment of this kind of effluents is complex and normally requires high costs. In this context, the electrochemical treatment emerges as an alternative methodology for treating the wastewaters. It employs electrochemical reactions to increase the capability and efficiency of the traditional chemical treatments for associated produced water. The use of electrochemical reactors can be effective with small changes in traditional treatments, generally not representing a significant additional surface area for new equipments (due to the high cost of square meter on offshore platforms) and also it can use almost the same equipments, in continuous or batch flow, without others high costs investments. Electrochemical treatment causes low environmental impact, because the process uses electrons as reagent and generates small amount of wastes. In this work, it was studied two types of electrochemical reactors: eletroflocculation and eletroflotation, with the aim of removing of Cu2+, Zn2+, phenol and BTEX mixture of produced water. In eletroflocculation, an electrical potential was applied to an aqueous solution containing NaCl. For this, it was used iron electrodes, which promote the dissolution of metal ions, generating Fe2+ and gases which, in appropriate pH, promote also clotting-flocculation reactions, removing Cu2+ and Zn2+. In eletroflotation, a carbon steel cathode and a DSA type anode (Ti/TiO2-RuO2-SnO2) were used in a NaCl solution. It was applied an electrical current, producing strong oxidant agents as Cl2 and HOCl, increasing the degradation rate of BTEX and phenol. Under different flow rates, the Zn2+ was removed by electrodeposition or by ZnOH formation, due the increasing of pH during the reaction. To better understand the electrochemical process, a statistical protocol factor (22) with central point was conducted to analyze the sensitivity of operating parameters on removing Zn2+ by eletroflotation, confirming that the current density affected the process negatively and the flow rate positively. For economical viability of these two electrochemical treatments, the energy consumption was calculated, taking in account the kWh given by ANEEL. The treatment cost obtained were quite attractive in comparison with the current treatments used in Rio Grande do Norte state. In addition, it could still be reduced for the case of using other alternative energy source such as solar, wind or gas generated directly from the Petrochemical Plant or offshore platforms

Caracterização ambiental de bancos areno-lamosos nos campos petrolíferos de Macau e Serra (RN), como subsídio às medidas mitigadoras ao processo erosivo

On Rio Grande do Norte northern coast the process of sediment transport are intensely controlled by wind and sea (waves and currents) action, causing erosion and shoreline morphological instability. Due to the importance of such coastal zone it was realized the multi-spectral mapping and physical-chemical characterization of mudflats and mangroves aiming to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process on the oil fields of Macau and Serra installed at the study area. The multi-spectral bands of 2000 and 2008 LANDSAT 5 TM images were submitted on the several digital processing steps and RGB color compositions integrating spectral bands and Principal Components. Such processing methodology was important to the mapping of different units on surface, together with field works. It was possible to make an analogy of the spectral characteristics of wetlands with vegetations areas (mangrove), showing the possibility to make a restoration of this area, contributing with the environmental monitoring of that ecosystem. The maps of several units were integrated in GIS environment at 1:60,000 scale, including the classification of features according to the presence or absence of vegetation cover. Thus, the strategy of methodology established that there are 10.13 km2 at least of sandy-muddy and of these approximately 0.89 km2 with the possibility to be used in a reforestation of typical flora of mangrove. The physical-chemical characterization showed areas with potential to introduce local species of mangrove and they had a pH above neutral with a mean of 8.4. The characteristic particle size is sand in the fine fractions, the high levels of carbonate, organic matter and major and trace element in general are concentrated where the sediment had the less particles size, showing the high correlation that those elements have with smaller particles of sediment. The application of that methodological strategy is relevant to the better understanding of features behavior and physical-chemical data of sediment samples collected on field allow the analysis of efficiency/capability of sandy-muddy to reforestation with local mangrove species for mitigation of the erosive action and coastal processes on the areas occupied by the oil industry

Caractérisation pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique de la lidocaïne avec ou sans adrénaline lors d’un bloc paravertébral du plexus brachial chez le chien

Au cours des vingt dernières années, l’anesthésie régionale est devenue, autant en médecine vétérinaire qu’humaine, un outil essentiel à l’élaboration de protocoles analgésiques péri-opératoires. Parmi l’éventail de techniques mises au point en anesthésie canine, le bloc paravertébral du plexus vertébral (PBPB) et sa version modifiée sont d’un grand intérêt pour toute procédure du membre thoracique, dans sa portion proximale. Toutefois, l’essentiel des données publiées à ce jour provient d’études colorimétriques, sans évaluation clinique, et peu d’information est disponible sur les techniques de localisation nerveuse envisageables à ce site. Notre étude visait à décrire une approche échoguidée du PBPB modifié, puis à caractériser ses paramètres pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques après administration de lidocaïne (LI) ou lidocaïne adrénalinée (LA). Huit chiens ont été inclus dans un protocole prospectif, randomisé, en aveugle et croisé, réparti sur trois périodes. L’impact pharmacodynamique du bloc effectué avec LI ou LA a été évalué régulièrement pour 180 min suivant son exécution. Le traitement à l’adrénaline n’a pas démontré d’impact significatif (P = 0,845) sur la durée du bloc sensitif, tel qu’évalué par un stimulus douloureux mécanique appliqué aux dermatomes ciblés. À l’opposé, l’atteinte proprioceptive évaluée par la démarche a été trouvée prolongée (P = 0,027) et le bloc moteur mesuré par le pic de force verticale (PVF) au trot sur la plaque de force s’est avéré plus marqué (PVF réduit; P = 0,007) sous LA. À l’arrêt comme au trot, le nadir de la courbe PVF-temps a été trouvé retardé (P < 0,005) et la pente ascendante de retour aux valeurs normales adoucie (P = 0,005). Parallèlement aux évaluations cliniques, des échantillons plasmatiques ont été collectés régulièrement afin de quantifier et décrire le devenir pharmacocinétique de la lidocaïne. Parmi les trois élaborés, un modèle bi-compartimental doté d’une double absorption asynchrone d’ordre zéro a finalement été sélectionné et appliqué aux données expérimentales. Sous LA, la Cmax a été trouvée significativement diminuée (P < 0,001), les phases d’absorption prolongées [P < 0,020 (Dur1) et P < 0,001 (Dur2)] et leurs constantes réduites [P = 0,046(k01) et P < 0,001 (k02)], le tout en concordance avec les effets proprioceptifs et moteurs rapportés. Bien que l’extrapolation du dosage soit maintenant théoriquement envisageable à partir du modèle mis en lumière ici, des études supplémentaires sont encore nécessaires afin d’établir un protocole de PBPB d’intérêt clinique. L’analyse sur plaque de force pourrait alors devenir un outil de choix pour évaluer l’efficacité du bloc dans un cadre expérimental.

Modellazione del comportamento di un compressore aeronautico in condizioni di funzionamento con fogging

L'obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è realizzare un modello, prima statico poi dinamico, dei componenti: imbocco e gruppo compressore, del turboalbero Allison 250 C18 sottoposto alla tecnologia del fogging. I dati sperimentali utilizzati provengono da prove sperimentali svolte da un altro tesista nel laboratorio di Propulsione e macchine della Scuola di Ingegneria e Architettura di Forlì. Grazie al modello statico, realizzato con il software MATLAB®, sono state create le principali mappe prestazionali dei singoli componenti. Queste ultime sono state poi implementate all'interno del modello dinamico realizzato con il software Simulink. Attraverso il modello dinamico, siamo stati in grado di osservare, grazie ad una struttura modulare a blocchi, l'andamento delle grandezze anche in regime transitorio, e di cambiare i parametri di inizializzazione in maniera molto rapida. Infine i dati ottenuti sono stati confrontati con i dati sperimentali e sono state effettuate valutazioni sull'utilità o meno del fogging. Entrambe le conclusioni hanno dato buoni risultati.

Studio e sviluppo di un simulatore ed ottimizzatore di traiettoria per aerei da competizione

L'obbiettivo principale di questa tesi è la creazione di un particolare strumento capace di calcolare, dati in input le coordinate geografiche in latitudine e longitudine dei vari gates di passaggio del velivolo e delle caratteristiche principali di quest'ultimo, la traiettoria ottimale, ovvero la più veloce, restando pur sempre nei limiti strutturali e in quelli stabiliti dal regolamento, oltre che ad una serie di valori utili per effettuare tale percorso, quali la variazione di potenza, di coefficiente di portanza, di velocità, ecc. Dopo una prima fase di raccolta delle informazioni (regolamento della competizione, dati tecnici dei velivoli usati, del motore e dell'elica) ne è seguita una seconda in cui, partendo dall'analisi dei risultati ottenuti da un precedente tool di calcolo in Excel, si è provveduto a scriverne uno nuovo operante in ambiente MatLab.

Caractérisation pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique de la lidocaïne avec ou sans adrénaline lors d’un bloc paravertébral du plexus brachial chez le chien

Au cours des vingt dernières années, l’anesthésie régionale est devenue, autant en médecine vétérinaire qu’humaine, un outil essentiel à l’élaboration de protocoles analgésiques péri-opératoires. Parmi l’éventail de techniques mises au point en anesthésie canine, le bloc paravertébral du plexus vertébral (PBPB) et sa version modifiée sont d’un grand intérêt pour toute procédure du membre thoracique, dans sa portion proximale. Toutefois, l’essentiel des données publiées à ce jour provient d’études colorimétriques, sans évaluation clinique, et peu d’information est disponible sur les techniques de localisation nerveuse envisageables à ce site. Notre étude visait à décrire une approche échoguidée du PBPB modifié, puis à caractériser ses paramètres pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques après administration de lidocaïne (LI) ou lidocaïne adrénalinée (LA). Huit chiens ont été inclus dans un protocole prospectif, randomisé, en aveugle et croisé, réparti sur trois périodes. L’impact pharmacodynamique du bloc effectué avec LI ou LA a été évalué régulièrement pour 180 min suivant son exécution. Le traitement à l’adrénaline n’a pas démontré d’impact significatif (P = 0,845) sur la durée du bloc sensitif, tel qu’évalué par un stimulus douloureux mécanique appliqué aux dermatomes ciblés. À l’opposé, l’atteinte proprioceptive évaluée par la démarche a été trouvée prolongée (P = 0,027) et le bloc moteur mesuré par le pic de force verticale (PVF) au trot sur la plaque de force s’est avéré plus marqué (PVF réduit; P = 0,007) sous LA. À l’arrêt comme au trot, le nadir de la courbe PVF-temps a été trouvé retardé (P < 0,005) et la pente ascendante de retour aux valeurs normales adoucie (P = 0,005). Parallèlement aux évaluations cliniques, des échantillons plasmatiques ont été collectés régulièrement afin de quantifier et décrire le devenir pharmacocinétique de la lidocaïne. Parmi les trois élaborés, un modèle bi-compartimental doté d’une double absorption asynchrone d’ordre zéro a finalement été sélectionné et appliqué aux données expérimentales. Sous LA, la Cmax a été trouvée significativement diminuée (P < 0,001), les phases d’absorption prolongées [P < 0,020 (Dur1) et P < 0,001 (Dur2)] et leurs constantes réduites [P = 0,046(k01) et P < 0,001 (k02)], le tout en concordance avec les effets proprioceptifs et moteurs rapportés. Bien que l’extrapolation du dosage soit maintenant théoriquement envisageable à partir du modèle mis en lumière ici, des études supplémentaires sont encore nécessaires afin d’établir un protocole de PBPB d’intérêt clinique. L’analyse sur plaque de force pourrait alors devenir un outil de choix pour évaluer l’efficacité du bloc dans un cadre expérimental.

Evaluation of the environmental benefits of recycling materials in the moving parts of a wind turbine using the life cycle assessment (LCA)

Wind energy is evaluated positively, from the environmental point of view, considering the wind a renewable resource to produce electricity, avoiding the use of fossil resources during operation, but not much has been studied about the impacts associated with the materials of the wind turbines. This study aims to contribute to an improved understanding of the environmental implications of the materials in the moving parts of a wind turbine and how the Eco strategies as recycling are increasingly adopted to ensure the minimization of environmental impacts. First, we investigate the moving parts of a wind turbine highlighting possible hot spots of impacts. Second, we assess the benefit of introducing recycling materials instead of the originals. © Research India Publications.

Détermination des niches écologiques du phytoplancton à partir de données in situ du lac Montjoie

Le rôle central du phytoplancton à la base de la chaîne trophique aquatique motive une compréhension étayée des facteurs pouvant faire varier les populations et la composition des populations de phytoplancton. Cette compréhension est d'autant plus importante dans le contexte actuel, puisque nous savons que l'humain influence le climat et les milieux aquatiques par sa présence et ses activités. Nous tentons donc, dans notre étude, de déterminer les variables environnementales importantes qui dictent les changements de taille et de composition de la communauté de phytoplancton à l'échelle d'un lac et d'en déduire les niches réalisées des différentes espèces du lac. L'utilisation d'une station mobile de manière verticale dans le lac Montjoie (Saint-Denis-de-Brompton) a permis de collecter des données in situ à haute fréquence et résolution temporelle caractérisant la colonne d'eau. Combinée à ces mesures, une banque de données sur l'abondance de différentes catégories de phytoplancton a été créée à l'aide d'un cytomètre en flux imageur (IFCB) et d'un programme de reconnaissance d'images qui lui est associé. En combinant ces données nous avons déterminé que la température moyenne au-dessus de la thermocline et que la profondeur limite de chlorophylle (2 écarts-types sous le maximum de chlorophylle) étaient les 2 variables (parmi les variables mesurées) les plus appropriées pour déterminer les niches réalisées de nos catégories de phytoplancton. À l'aide de ces 2 variables, nous avons pu déterminer les niches réalisées d'une trentaine de catégories présentes dans notre lac. Les niches ont été déterminées à la fois sur les données d'abondance et sur les données de taux de croissance nette à l'aide de deux méthodes différentes, soit l'analyse canonique des correspondances (CCA) et la maximisation de l'entropie d'information (MaxEnt). Ce sont finalement les niches déterminées avec les taux de croissance nette qui sont les plus pertinentes. Les deux méthodes ont donné des résultats semblables, mais c'est MaxEnt qui est la plus versatile pour l'ajout de nouvelles variables explicatives et c'est donc celle-ci que nous privilégierons dans le futur.

Red de Conocimientos Campesinos: hilos de saberes, experiencias y tensiones en Zona Bananera

El conocimiento campesino se ha pensado como un cúmulo de saberes y prácticas tradicionales que las personas que trabajan la tierra han aprendido y transmitido de generación en generación. Pero para el análisis de las relaciones que construyen los campesinos con la tierra, el agua, las semillas, los cultivos, los químicos, las herramientas de trabajo y el dinero, es importante considerar el conocimiento campesino como una red de aprendizajes, saberes, experiencias, prácticas y relaciones territoriales. Aquella red se teje desde múltiples actores tales como funcionarios de instituciones estatales y bancarias, empresarios, familiares, vecinos y amigos, quienes inciden, influyen e intervienen en los recursos que manejan los campesinos. Esta tesis aborda la construcción, reconstrucción y materialización del conocimiento sobre el trabajo en la tierra que han configurado campesinos agricultores en el municipio de Zona Bananera, Magdalena. En las parcelas que poseen dichas personas, han confluido diferentes controles sobre el uso de recursos por parte de empresas bananeras y extractoras de aceite, trabajadores del Instituto Colombiano para la Reforma Agraria INCORA, gobiernos locales y docentes de educación superior. Allí, los campesinos por medio de su conocimiento han apropiado, negociado, disputado y resistido saberes que regulan, restringen y direccionan el manejo de recursos en sus tierras.

Perspetivas de utilização do potencial eólico em Timor-Leste

A exigência energética global está mais orientada para a utilização das fontes de Energias Renováveis (FERs), comprometendo e garantindo um desenvolvimento sustentável. Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para o atingir das metas do PED 2011-2030, no que refere à utilização das FER, em particular do potencial eólico em Timor-Leste. Timor-Leste tem apresentado um grande interesse na política de aproveitamento de FER para alcançar a meta de longo prazo de PED 2030, comprometendo-se com o desenvolvimento sustentável através de ERs. Este trabalho pretende contribuir em particular com o estudo do aproveitamento de energia eólica. Com base no clima do vento de longo termo entre 2004 – 2012, da estação meteorológica (EM) de Díli e conjugando estes com os dados da campanha experimental de Martifer cedidos, de Dezembro 2008 - Novembro 2009, obteve-se o coeficiente de variabilidade (Cvariab.) inter-anual. Foi assim possível construir o mapa médio do vento de longo termo, com modelo atmosférico de mesoscala, numa resolução refinada de 3×3 km. Para a identificação dos locais mais favoráveis do vento, foi utilizado o modelo ArcGIS para georreferenciação do recurso. A filtragem das restrições e os constrangimentos do terreno permitiu construir o mapa do vento sustentável de Timor-Leste, por distritos, subdistritos, sucos, do enclave de Oecússi e a ilha de Atauro, o que conduziu à hierarquização de cinco zonas favoráveis (zona 1 - 5). A contribuição para o plano energético de Timor-Leste consiste em duas fases: - a 1ª fase o aproveitamento eólico em três PEs nas zonas monitorizadas (3 e 5) oriundo de dados cedidos pela Martifer, contabilizou-se um total de 424.694 MWh de produção de energia anual, tendo-se verificado o custo normalizado de energia (LCOE) no valor médio calculado de 0,046 €/kWh; - na 2ª fase a construção de acesso e o desenvolvimento de PEs nas zonas 1, 2 e 4 para o Cenário de Max-Renovável. Assim sendo, viabilizam a "Perspetiva de Utilização da Energia Eólica" no quadro do PED 2011 - 2030 de Timor-Leste, que viria reduzir o custo de produção de energia atual, e a emissão de CO2; Abstract: Prospects of Using Wind Energy in Timor-Leste The demand for global energy is more focused on the use of Reneweable Energy sources (REs), ensuring and committing itself to sustainable development. This study was prompted by the wish to contribute to the achievement the goals of the Strategic Development Plan (PED 2011-2030) regarding the use of REs, particularly the wind energy in Timor-Leste. Timor-Leste has presented a great interest in the use of renewable energy sources policy to achieve the long term goal of the PED 2030, committing to a sustainable development through renewable energy. This thesis intends to contribute in particular with the study of the use of wind energy. Based on the long term wind climate between 2004 and 2012 of the Díli weather station and combining these data with the Martifer campaign experimental data of December 2008 - November 2009, the interannual variation coefficient (Cv) was obtained. Thus, it was possible to build the map of long term average wind with atmospheric mesoscale model in a refined resolution of 3×3 km. The ArcGIS model was used for the identification of the most favorable locations of the wind for its georeferencing. The constraining of filtering and the constraints of the terrain allowed to construe the sustainable wind map of Timor-Leste in distritos, subdistritos, sucos, and also of the enclave of Oecussi and Atauro island, which led to the ranking of five favorable areas (zone 1-5) for an immediate experimental campaign of wind characterization and utilization of this resource in wind parks. The contribution to Timor-Leste's energy plan consists of two phases: - the first phase of three wind farms in zone (3 and 5) from data provided by Martifer, a total of 424,694 MWh, and levelyzed cost of electricity (LCOE) in the calculated average value of 0.046 €/kWh; - in the second phase the construction of access and development of wind farms in zones 1, 2 and 4 for the Max-Renewable Scenario. As such, they make possible the "Perspective of Wind Energy Use" in Timor Leste’s PED 2011 - 2030, which would reduce current energy production costs and CO2 emissions.

Sviluppo del software di un sistema per l'analisi in tempo reale della combustione di motori endotermici alternativi

Limiti sempre più stringenti sulle emissioni inquinanti ed una maggiore attenzione ai consumi, all'incremento di prestazioni e alla guidabilità, portano allo sviluppo di algoritmi di controllo motore sempre più complicati. Allo stesso tempo, l'unità di propulsione sta diventando un insieme sempre più variegato di sottosistemi che devono lavorare all'unisono. L'ingegnere calibratore si trova di fronte ad una moltitudine di variabili ed algoritmi che devono essere calibrati e testati e necessita di strumenti che lo aiutino ad analizzare il comportamento del motore fornendo risultati sintetici e facilmente accessibili. Nel seguente lavoro è riportato lo sviluppo di un sistema di analisi della combustione: l'obbiettivo è stato quello di sviluppare un software che fornisca le migliori soluzioni per l'analisi di un motore a combustione interna, in termini di accuratezza dei risultati, varietà di calcoli messi a disposizione, facilità di utilizzo ed integrazione con altri sistemi tramite la condivisione dei risultati calcolati in tempo reale.

Analysis of the main phenomena affecting solid rocket motors internal ballistics

In solid rocket motors, the absence of combustion controllability and the large amount of financial resources involved in full-scale firing tests, increase the importance of numerical simulations in order to asses stringent mission thrust requirements and evaluate the influence of thrust chamber phenomena affecting the grain combustion. Among those phenomena, grain local defects (propellant casting inclusions and debondings), combustion heat accumulation involving pressure peaks (Friedman Curl effect), and case-insulating thermal protection material ablation affect thrust prediction in terms of not negligible deviations with respect to the nominal expected trace. Most of the recent models have proposed a simplified treatment to the problem using empirical corrective functions, with the disadvantages of not fully understanding the physical dynamics and thus of not obtaining predictive results for different configurations of solid rocket motors in a boundary conditions-varied scenario. This work is aimed to introduce different mathematical approaches to model, analyze, and predict the abovementioned phenomena, presenting a detailed physical interpretation based on existing SRMs configurations. Internal ballistics predictions are obtained with an in-house simulation software, where the adoption of a dynamic three-dimensional triangular mesh together with advanced computer graphics methods, allows the previous target to be reached. Numerical procedures are explained in detail. Simulation results are carried out and discussed based on experimental data.

Verso l'altro lato. La Villa 31 di Buenos Aires

La città di Buenos Aires nasconde al suo interno numerose forze che si respingono e si amalgamano in un movimento continuo. L’area della Villa 31 rappresenta un nodo centrale in cui la città stocastica e la città deterministica si confrontano. In questo luogo, a lungo abbandonato, gli abitanti hanno dato vita ad un’altra città. Confrontarsi con questa realtà, significa analizzarne la storia e le vicissitudini politiche che la caratterizzano, ascoltare le voci di chi la vive e di ciò che la circonda. È necessario andare oltre ciò che è visibile e misurabile. Il progetto utilizza una metodologia in grado di astrarre la natura più intima del luogo, conservarla e restituirle nuovi spazi. Secondo il principio per cui, ogni essere umano ha diritto ad una casa degna in cui accrescere la propria persona e con la premessa che sia necessario uno stravolgimento del sistema economico-politico, il progetto offre una nuova visione della Villa 31. Grandi spazi verdi invadono il territorio e lo riconnettono al resto della città. Le abitazioni, dapprima ammucchiate le une alle altre, crescono in verticale attraverso un polmone che prolunga la vita pubblica dalla strada fino all’ultimo piano degli edifici. Le tradizioni della popolazione rimangono intatte e trovano nuovi e più grandi spazi in cui realizzarsi. Ogni abitante disporrà della libertà e dei mezzi per sostenere il suo focolare e mantenere lo spirito di unione e comunità che li contraddistingue.

Sviluppo di processi di geopolimerizzazione innovativi

Il seguente elaborato di tesi è finalizzato allo studio, alla preparazione e alla caratterizzazione di campioni geopolimerici sintetizzati in laboratorio. I geopolimeri sono materiali allumino silicatici a matrice polimerica ottenuti, attraverso un trattamento termico a bassa temperatura (generalmente inferiore ai 150-200°C), da una polvere reattiva a composizione prevalentemente allumino silicatica, e un attivatore alcalino, che può essere sotto forma di soluzione o di polvere. Questi materiali innovativi, presentano una versatilità notevole per quanto riguarda le applicazioni potenziali. Infatti, avendo proprietà termiche, meccaniche e chimico-fisiche ottimali possono essere impiegati in differenti settori produttivi e/o industriali, dal settore edile e delle grandi opere fino a quello aeronautico e automobilistico . I materiali geopolimerici sono utilizzati in molteplici campi d’applicazione perché risultano essere economicamente vantaggiosi e relativamente semplici da produrre. In questo lavoro di tesi sono stati prodotti differenti campioni a matrice geopolimerica, utilizzando diversi materiali come precursori e due tipologie di attivatore alcalino. Sui campioni geopolimerici realizzati sono state effettuate numerose analisi: XRD, SEM, analisi dell'andamento interno della temperatura dei campioni durante il trattamento termico in incubatore a 80°C, e infine anche delle prove meccaniche preliminari di compressione verticale, investigando il comportamento di alcuni campioni geopolimerici rappresentativi una volta sottoposti a una pressione assiale di 30 MPa, 60 MPa e 90 MPa, per una durata compresa tra le 24 e le 48 ore, a carico costante.