Equal Partners in Dialogue? Participation Equality in a Transnational Deliberative Poll (Europolis)

By gathering a representative sample of citizens from all 27 EU Member States, the deliberative poll Europolis created the opportunity for the inclusion of a wide variety of European voices. Taking up claims of difference democrats who argue that informal hurdles to participation can endure even after individuals gain formal access to the floor, this article argues for an extended approach to evaluate equality in deliberative minipublics. Specifically, it assesses whether participants contributed in roughly equal measures to the discussion and whether their discussion partners considered their contributions on equal merits. In doing so, the article adds to the small but growing literature on deliberation that expresses reservations about taking the willingness to engage with others' claims for granted. In order to account for the intrinsically relational aspect of interpersonal communication, measures of social network analysis are introduced as possible tools to evaluate participation equality in deliberative encounters.

The Silent Reform of Swiss Federalism: The New Constitutional Articles on Education

This article examines the decision-making process leading to the new constitutional articles on education in Switzerland. It analyzes how actors from both state levels (Confederation and cantons) could reach consensus in a process that was prone to a "joint-decision trap". To that end, we hypothesize which factors may be conducive to a "problem-solving" style of policy-making in a compulsory negotiation system. Rich empirical material from various sources supports our theoretical arguments: We show that shared beliefs and a common frame of reference, the procedural separation between constitutional and distributional issues, neutral brokers, and informal structures were all beneficial to the success of the reform project.

Memorandum on the impact of the First Amendment to the Constitution upon Federal aid to education : Memorandum on the Constitutional authority of the Congress to enact S. 1021. Federal programs under which institutions with religious affiliation receive Federal funds through grants or loans.

Documents prepared by the Department's legal staff in response to the request of Senator Morse, Chairman, Subcommittee on Education, committee on Labor and Public Welfare.

Constitutional reason of state : the survival of the constitutional order /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Journal of the Constitutional Convention to revise and amend sec. 141 of the Constitution of Virginia held in the Old Hall of the House of Delegates in the State Capitol at Richmond, March 5, 6, 7, 1956.

Mode of access: Internet.

Journal of the Constitutional convention of the commonwealth of Virginia to amend the Constitution of Virginia for voting by certain members of the armed forces. Held in the old hall of the House of delegates in the state Capitol at Richmond April 30, May 1, 2, 22, 1945 [and]

J. Sinclair Brown, president of the convention

The United States and Brazil : opening a new dialogue /

Item 378-H

The constitutional history of England : since the accession of George Third, 1760-1860: in two volumes. /

On spine: Library edition.

Legislative department : constitutional provisions relative thereto, compared with the provisions of Article IV, Michigan Constitution /

Caption title.

Social gathering dialogue between six sisters of the North Family of Shakers, Mt. Lebanon, Columbia County, N.Y.

Advertisement for "The 'Shaker and Shakeress' monthly" on verso of title page (p. [2]).

Proposed balanced budget constitutional amendments [microform] : hearings before the Subcommittee on Monopolies and Commercial Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, first session ... October 15, November 17, and November 18, 1987.

"Serial no. 85."

Local government autonomy : needs for state constitutional statutory, and judicial clarification / [by Michael E. Libonati]

"October 1993."

Report of the Canal Board in relation to the capacity of the Erie Canal to pass boats eastward, in answer to resolution of constitutional convention, passed November 25 : in Convention, December 20, 1867.

Mode of access: Internet.

New York Constitutional Convention index : a complete record of all proposed amendments introduced in the Convention beginning April 6, 1915.

"From April 6 to September 10, 1915."