European Union and its member states as a collective actor in WTO decision-making process. ACES Cases No. 2010.3

This paper will outline and analyze the decision-making process in WTO matters. First, the players of the decision-making process -- the Council of the European Union (Council), the Trade Policy Committee, the Commission, and the European Parliament -- will be examined. Then the distinction will be made between decision-making in initiating WTO disputes and decision-making conducting trade agreement negotiations in the WTO. Then, decision-making practices in WTO matters will be assessed against constitutional principles of transparency, accountability, and legitimacy. After this assessment, conclusions will be drawn.

An Italian job: the need for collective wage bargaining reform. Bruegel Policy Brief ISSUE 2016/11 - JULY 2016

Highlights: Since the mid-1990s, Italy has been characterised by a lack of labour productivity growth, combinedwith a 60 percent growth in labour costs, 20 percentage points above euro-area average consumer price growth. As a consequence, Italy has become less competitive compared to its euro-area partners, the profitability of its firms has dropped and real GDP-per-capita has flatlined. • At the root of the substantial discrepancy between wages and productivity is Italy’s system of centralised wage bargaining which, in many ways, is designed without regard for the underlying industrial structure and geographical heterogeneity of the Italian economy.This has fostered perverse incentives and imbalances within Italy. • Collective wage bargaining, and in particular the determination of base salaries, should be moved from the national to the regional level for all contracts, in the public and private sectors.The Mezzogiorno,which might superficially be seen as losing out from this policy, would actually gain the most in competitiveness terms. • Furthermore, measures should be taken so that, in the long run, the Italian industrial structure evolves into a less fragmented small-company-based economy. This firm consolidation would likely expand the use of firm-level agreements and performance payments, and would improve Italy’s productivity and competitiveness overall.

O jogo da distinção: C. A. Paulistano e Fluminense F. C.: um estudo das identidades clubísticas durante a fase amadora do futebol em São Paulo e no Rio de Janeiro (1902-1933)

Este trabalho investiga o processo de formação de identidades clubisticas durante a fase amadora do futebol brasileiro (1900 – 1933), tendo por foco os casos do C A Paulistano e do Fluminense F. C. Tal construção identitária costuma atribuir a estes clubes a marca da elitização calcada na distinção e no refinamento. Ao aprofundar e ao matizar essa versão consagrada pelo memorialismo esportivo, pretende-se analisar a história dessas duas agremiações, durante os anos iniciais do desenvolvimento do futebol na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, com destaque à relação do esporte com o desenvolvimento destas duas cidades. Para a demonstração de nosso argumento central, levantaremos os aspectos sociais, econômicos, políticos e culturais que podem ser considerados fundamentais na construção da imagem de distinção atribuída tanto ao Fluminense quanto ao Paulistano. Com o emprego do método comparativo, buscaremos apontar as semelhanças e diferenças na história desses clubes, tendo como pressupostos teóricos os trabalhos de Bourdieu sobre a distinção, de Hobsbawm e Ranger sobre a invenção das tradições e de Halbwachs sobre a memória coletiva. Junto aos acervos documentais das duas instituições examinadas, utilizaremos como fontes a documentação produzida pelos clubes no período e os periódicos da época. Procuraremos demonstrar, através dos relatos memoriais produzidos por escritores, dirigentes e ex-atletas, a perpetuação de uma série de valores simbólicos e de tradições que associaram o Paulistano e o Fluminense a um espaço de distinção e refinamento que se reproduziu ao longo das gerações e que permanece no imaginário esportivo até os dias atuais.

Le processus de construction de l'identité collective du mouvement queer montréalais : perspectives militantes francophones

Ce mémoire vise à analyser le processus de construction de l'identité collective du mouvement queer à Montréal dans un contexte francophone. Bien que plusieurs travaux portent en partie sur les groupes militants queers québécois, aucune recherche ne s'est employée à comprendre comment les militant.es queers à Montréal se constituent comme un collectif qui développe une identité. Pour analyser le processus de construction de l'identité collective du mouvement queer montréalais, je m'appuie sur la théorie de Melucci (1985; 1996), qui définit l'identité collective d'un mouvement selon plusieurs axes : les champs d'action, les moyens employés et les fins visées, ainsi que le mode d'organisation. Afin de répondre à cette question de recherche, j'ai effectué une recherche documentaire ainsi que sept entrevues avec des militant.es queers montréalais.es francophones. L'analyse des données a été faite grâce à divers travaux qui portent sur les champs d'action, les valeurs, les fins et moyens, le mode d'organisation de mouvements contemporains anti-autoritaires et anti-oppressifs, ainsi qu'en fonction de trois dimensions élaborées par Melucci (1985) : le conflit, la solidarité et les limites du système. Je conclus que l'identité collective comme processus s'articule autour de plusieurs enjeux : premièrement, la diversité des champs d'action, les valeurs anti-oppressives, les relations d'affinités, le mode de vie alternatif et le mode d'organisation anti-oppressif des militant.es queers permettent au mouvement de créer une solidarité interne, d'affirmer une position anti-autoritaire qui brise les limites du système dominant et de se différencier du mouvement LGBT mainstream. Par ailleurs, les actions militantes concrètes qui réalisent le changement dans l'ici et maintenant participent à créer une solidarité et une reconnaissance entre militant.es, ainsi qu'à mettre en lumière un conflit avec le système dominant oppressif. Enfin, les perspectives francophones sur le mouvement queer ne semblent pas donner au bilinguisme du mouvement un rôle fondamental dans la construction de son identité collective. Cependant, l'intérêt marqué des militant.es francophones comparativement aux militant.es anglophones pour la politique institutionnelle fait émerger de nouvelles interrogations sur l'impact que pourrait avoir le mélange des cultures francophone et anglophone à Montréal sur la culture politique et l'identité du mouvement.

Collective bargaining agreement : AFSCME AFL-CIO, local 2478 and the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.

"January 31, 1985."

Information for employers and unions entering into a collective bargaining relationship for the first time : an address at the Information Program for Labor and Management at West Virginia University, April 18, 1963.

Mode of access: Internet.

Scenes from an imaginary ballet : for the pianoforte : [Op. 74] /

Mode of access: Internet.

Collective bargaining provisions : employee-benefit plans /

"September 1949."

Settling plant grievances; a review of grievance procedure under collective bargaining.

Mode of access: Internet.

Collective bargaining : a report /

Caption title: Free and responsible collective bargaining and industrial peace.

Scenes from an imaginary ballet : a suite of five pieces for the pianoforte /

Mode of access: Internet.

Labor-management seminar I : collective bargaining in the coal industry /

Mode of access: Internet.

Problemes monetaires. (1) Introduction et declaration collective d'experts en matiere economique ... Monetary problems. (1) Introduction and joint statement of economic experts ....

Text in French and English.

Collective protection against chemical, biological, and radiological warfare agents.

"1 Oct 58."