Microstructural, chemical and isotopic evidence for the origin of late neolithic leather recovered from an ice field in the Swiss Alps

Archaeological leather samples recovered from the ice field at the Schnidejoch Pass (altitude 2756 m amsl) in the western Swiss Alps were studied using optical, chemical molecular and isotopic (delta(13)C and delta(15)N of the bulk leather, and compound-specific delta(13)C analyses of the organic-solvent extracted fatty acids) methods to obtain insight into the origin of the leather and ancient tanning procedures. For comparison, leathers from modern native animals in alpine environment (red deer, goat, sheep, chamois, and calf/cow) were analyzed using the same approach. Optical and electron microscopically comparisons of Schnidejoch and modern leathers showed that the gross structure (pattern of collagen fibrils and intra-fibrils material) of archaeological leather had survived essentially intact for five millennia. The SEM studies of the hairs from the most important archaeological find, a Neolithic leather legging, show a wave structure of the hair cuticle, which is a diagnostic feature for goatskins. The variations of the bulk delta(13)C and delta(15)N values, and delta(13)C values of the main fatty acids are within the range expected for pre-industrial temperate C(3) environment. The archaeological leather samples contain a mixture of indigenous (from the animal) and exogenous plant/animal lipids. An important amount of waxy n-alkanes, n-alkan-1-ols and phytosterols (beta-sitosterol, sitostanol) in all samples, and abundant biomarker of conifers (nonacosan-10-01) in the legging leathers clearly indicate that the Neolithic people were active in a subalpine coniferous forest, and that they used an aqueous extract of diverse plant material for tanning leather. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

M. Deffert [i. e. Henry Defert], président du T. C. F. [Touring-Club de France] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56902

2/6/19, remise du traité de paix aux Autrichiens [préliminaires au traité de Saint-Germain-en-Laye du 10 septembre, au château], maréchal Foch : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54218

Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity across Body Mass Index in Females: Moderating Effect of Endocannabinoids and Temperament.

BACKGROUND Endocannabinoids and temperament traits have been linked to both physical activity and body mass index (BMI) however no study has explored how these factors interact in females. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) examine differences among distinct BMI groups on daytime physical activity and time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), temperament traits and plasma endocannabinoid concentrations; and 2) explore the association and interaction between MVPA, temperament, endocannabinoids and BMI. METHODS Physical activity was measured with the wrist-worn accelerometer Actiwatch AW7, in a sample of 189 female participants (43 morbid obese, 30 obese, and 116 healthy-weight controls). The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised questionnaire was used to assess personality traits. BMI was calculated by bioelectrical impedance analysis via the TANITA digital scale. Blood analyses were conducted to measure levels of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds. Path-analysis was performed to examine the association between predictive variables and MVPA. RESULTS Obese groups showed lower MVPA and dysfunctional temperament traits compared to healthy-weight controls. Plasma concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglyceryl (2-AG) were greater in obese groups. Path-analysis identified a direct effect between greater MVPA and low BMI (b = -0.13, p = .039) and high MVPA levels were associated with elevated anandamide (AEA) levels (b = 0.16, p = .049) and N-oleylethanolamide (OEA) levels (b = 0.22, p = .004), as well as high Novelty seeking (b = 0.18, p<.001) and low Harm avoidance (b = -0.16, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS Obese individuals showed a distinct temperament profile and circulating endocannabinoids compared to controls. Temperament and endocannabinoids may act as moderators of the low MVPA in obesity.

M. Deffert [i. e. Henry Defert], président du T. C. F. [Touring-Club de France] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56901

M. Deffert [i. e. Henry Defert] président [du] T. C. F. [Touring-Club de France] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56900

[M. Henry Defert président du Touring-Club de France] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56899

Lettre de Gaspare Spontini à Hector Berlioz, [Paris], mercredi 17 avril [1839] (manuscrit autographe)

Lettre autographe signée sur papier bleuté. - Date restituée d'après le contexte : Spontini sollicite de Berlioz un article de soutien dans le "Journal des débats", à propos de son projet de réforme de la musique sacrée, ce que fit Berlioz dans le n° du 10 mai 1839