A transposição do limite na arquitectura

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.

Nitretação em plasma com gaiola catódica: caracterização e avaliação do desempenho da camada nitretada em facas de corte

Nowadays, in the plastic industry are used mills that accomplish the recycling of residues generated in the production of its components. These mills contain cut sheets that suffer accelerated wear, once they are submitted constantly to the tribologic efforts, decreasing its useful life. To reduce this problem, it s used noble steels or takes place superficial treatments. The ionic nitriding process presents some limitations related to the uniformity of the layer in pieces with complex geometry, committing its application in pieces as knives, head offices, engagements, etc. However, the new technique of nitriding in cathodic cage eliminates some problems, as the restrictions rings, inherent to the conventional ionic nitriding. In present work, was studied the use viabilization of steels less noble, as SAE 1020, SAE 4320 and SAE 4340, nitreded by two different techniques, to substitute the AISI 01 steels, usually used in the cut knifes fabrication, seeking to reduce the costs and at the sane time to increase the useful life of these knifes. The steel most viable was the SAE 4340, nitrided in cathodic cage, because it presented uniformity in thickness and in the hardness of the layer, besides of increased 58% in the average its useful life

Dinâmica espaço-temporal em uma guilda de borboletas frugívoras no limite norte da Floresta Atlântica Nordestina

The extent of the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, a global biodiversity hotspot, has been reduced to less than 7% of its original range. Yet, it contains one of the richest butterfly fauna in the world. Butterflies are commonly used as environmental indicators, mostly because of their strict association with host plants, microclimate and resource availability. This research describes diversity, composition and species richness of frugivorous butterflies in a forest fragment in the Brazilian Northeast. It compares communities in different physiognomies and seasons. The climate in the study area is classified as tropical rainy, with two well defined seasons. Butterfly captures were made with 60 Van Someren-Rydon traps, randomly located within six different habitat units (10 traps per unit) that varied from very open (e.g. coconut plantation) to forest interior. Sampling was made between January and December 2008, for five days each month. I captured 12090 individuals from 32 species. The most abundant species were Taygetis laches, Opsiphanes invirae and Hamadryas februa, which accounted for 70% of all captures. Similarity analysis identified two main groups, one of species associated with open or disturbed areas and a second by species associated with shaded areas. There was a strong seasonal component in species composition, with less species and lower abundance in the dry season and more species and higher abundance in the rainy season. K-means analysis indicates that choice of habitat units overestimated faunal perceptions, suggesting less distinct units. The species Taygetis virgilia, Hamadryas chloe, Callicore pygas e Morpho achilles were associated with less disturbed habitats, while Yphthimoides sp, Historis odius, H. acheronta, Hamadryas feronia e Siderone marthesia likey indicate open or disturbed habitats. This research brings important information for conservation of frugivorous butterflies, and will serve as baseline for future projects in environmental monitoring

Vazio e o buraco negro na patologia limite – Um contributo da/para a técnica Rorschach

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Pensar o Corpo através do Desporto, Hoje: Limite ou superação? Harmonia ou excesso?

Que relação há hoje entre o corpo humano e a competição desportiva, nas suas diferentes dimensões? É o desporto uma actividade que visa superar os limites da corporeidade ou procura fazer entre o corpo e o mundo uma relação harmoniosa?

Morfodiagnose e identificação cromatográfica em camada delgada de chá de bugre - Cordia ecalyculata Vell.

Cordia ecalyculata Vell., popularmente conhecida como chá de bugre, e uma planta medicinal brasileira largamente utilizada pelo povo e extensamente comercializada. Pouco se sabe sobre a sua caracterização botânica e química, e frequentemente ocorrem problemas quando ela é utilizada como remédio. Os autores tem estudado os aspectos morfológicos e microscópicos das partes da planta que são utilizadas como medicamento e tem registrado as características botânicas para identifica-las. Foram apresentados resultados de analise cromatográfica do extrato de fluido do chá de bugre, incluindo a identificação da alantoina.

Caracterização cromatográfica em camada delgada do extrato fluido de guaco: Mikania glomerata Sprengel.

As frações hexanicas, clorofórmicas, em acetato de etila e etanólica do extrato fluido de guaco - Mikania glomerata foram analisadas por cromatografia em camada delgada frente a padrões de ácido caurenóico, ácido cinamoilgrandiflorico, estigmasterol e cumarina visando o estabelecimento de perfil cromatográfico que permita identificar este insumo farmacêutico.

Letteratura per l'infanzia e metafore del Limite. Mentori e infanzie sulla soglia

La presente ricerca di dottorato, attraverso un’indagine multidisciplinare, si pone l’obiettivo di elaborare in chiave pedagogica una riflessione sulla relazione esistente tra la letteratura per l’infanzia, la narrazione, l’esperienza e il limite. La ricerca mira ad analizzare le metafore del limite intese come metafore della caducità, della ferita, della marginalità, della liminalità, della divergenza e dell’alterità. La ricerca si concentra in particolare sulle rappresentazioni metaforiche della relazione educativa tra personaggi mentori e personaggi bambini, colti in attraversamenti e transizioni esistenziali, colti quindi nell’atto di cura della loro natura limitata. L’impianto teorico-interpretativo elaborato è utilizzato per sondare criticamente l’opera di Robert Louis Stevenson e di James Matthew Barrie, autori scelti come rappresentanti emblematici del periodo di soglia a cavallo di secolo, compreso tra il 1880 e il 1914. Attraverso l’applicazione del paradigma indiziario della ricerca storiografica e letteraria, l’indagine raccoglie correlazioni incongrue tra le opere, le biografie e la storia in cui esse si inseriscono, per formulare ipotesi che permettano un’interpretazione delle modificazioni che le rappresentazioni del limite subirono in quel periodo, sul limitare del primo conflitto mondiale.

Rigidez do papelão ondulado: comparação entre resultados experimentais e os obtidos por cálculo analítico

Cardboard packing for horticultural products has as main function to protect them. The design of a cardboard packing request the knowledge of the bending stiffens which is depending on the modulus of elasticity. The objective of this work was to calculate the cardboard modulus of elasticity from data obtained in laboratory using physical characterization test, with different methods, and comparing the results with the values obtained experimentally. Ten samples of each cardboard selected for this study were tested in the paper fabrication direction and in its transverse direction. The papers liner and medium resistance to the traction, used to calculate the bending stiffness, was determined in a universal machine test. To obtaining of the bending stiffens the four points test was accomplished. Expressive variations among the methods from which the modulus of elasticity is obtained were observed and that influence the bending stiffness of the structure. The stiffness values obtained experimentally were always greater than the values obtained from analytical method. This difference can be attributed to two factors, the production processes that assurance a larger rigidity than the components separately and the addition of the adhesive layer that is not taken in consideration in the analytic calculations.

Ambiência aérea em alojamento de frangos de corte: poeira e gases

Air quality in animal production environment has been refereed as an interesting point for studies in environmental control systems with the focus both to the animal health which live in total confinement, as to the workers. The objective of this research was to determine the variation on the aerial environmental quality in two types of broiler housing: conventional (Gc) and tunnel type (Gt). The total dust values in both houses offered adequate rearing conditions to the birds; however, regarding the inhale dust in the air was above the limits recommended for humans. Carbon monoxide concentration in the heating phase during the evaluated period was above the 10 ppm maximum recommended, and it was higher during the cold season in Gt house (30 ppm) when compared to the Gc house (18 ppm). Ammonia concentration peaks in the air were above the 20 ppm recommended from the 20th day of production in both houses and in daily average, for a period higher in Gt (4h30) when compared to Gt (2h45). Only traces of nitrate oxide and methane were found while carbonic dioxide gas concentration evaluated during daytime met the limits allowed for both birds and labor.

Profundidade de deposição de semente de milho na região dos Campos Gerais, Paraná

No Tillage system is fully incorporated to farming in the region of Campos Gerais, state of Paraná. Accuracy and precision in the planting process are items of great importance for the success of this system. In order to evaluate the planting process, thirty eight farms were selected as sites for analysis of the placement depth of seeds. The research area was 4 or 5 planting rows, evaluating 10 plantlets per row. The average seed depth was around 46 mm, and significant differences between rows were observed in 21 areas. The average coefficient of variation was around 20%, the statistical limit between medium and high. Analyses of other parameters show that those coefficients may represent different errors in the process. The planting process in Campos Gerais can be considered efficient regarding to the average seed depth. However, the analysis of variability implies de need of actions concerning to anthropic and machinery factors.

Determinação em tempo real da magnitude de danos físicos por impacto em linhas de beneficiamento e em condições de laboratório e seus efeitos na qualidade de tomate

Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetable crops grown in Brazil and are among the crops that have one of the highest post-harvest losses indexes in the country. The present work aimed at evaluating impact damage observed in packing lines of fresh tomatoes as well as to determine, under laboratory conditions, quality alterations of tomato fruits submitted to impact damage in different surface types. Critical points evaluation was accomplished using an instrumented sphere. Critical transference points found showed variations in acceleration levels from 30 to 129 G (m s-2). Tests carried out under laboratory conditions showed that padded surfaces reduced up to 31% impact damage. Incidence of severe internal physical damage was evaluated by a subjective scale and increased by 79% on hard surfaces for the highest fall drop. On the other hand, it was observed an effective reduction in physical damage on fruits when padded surfaces were used. When a 10-cm drop was performed, the maximum reduction measured was 10% for hard surfaces and 5% for previously padded surfaces. For quality parameters, it was observed for high drops on hard surfaces, highest values for weight loss, total acidity, lower values for vitamin C and Soluble Solids.

Fundações de construções submetidas a esforços de tração em solo de alta porosidade da região de Campinas - SP

This paper presents the behavior of three bored piles conducted in diabasic soil submitted to uplift forces. The piles were built at the site for Experimental Studies in Soil Mechanics and Foundations of UNICAMP, located in the city of Campinas, Brazil. Field tests have already been conducted at the site (SPT, CPT, DMT and PMT), as well as laboratory tests by using sample soils taken from a well up to 17 m deep. The water table is not checked until a depth of 17 m. In order to check the behavior of the piles when submitted to uplift forces, slow static load tests were carried out as the recommendations of NBR 12131. The carrying capacity of these piles was also provided by means of theoretical methods, appropriate for uplift forces, and through semi-empirical methods appropriate for compression forces, considering only the portion of lateral resistance. The values estimated by using the considered methods were compared to those obtained by means of load tests. One of the tested piles was extracted from the soil to be the subject of a study on its geometry.

Análise da estrutura de duas unidades fitofisionômicas de savana (cerrado) no sul do Brasil

The Jaguariaiva region is located at Parana State, southern Brazil, and it keeps up the last remnants of savanna vegetation in the State. Thus, it should be considered a mark of the meridional distribution limit of this vegetation type in Brazil. The Parque Estadual do Cerrado (24º09' S; 50º18' WG), whose vegetation is not solely composed by savanna forms, was the object of this study that analysed the vegetation of two dominant savanna physiognomic types (cerrado sensu stricto and campo cerrado). Twenty quadrats of 200m² (20 x 10m) were sistematicaly established in each physiognomic unit, and all the individuals having Basal Perimeter (BP) over 15 cm were sampled. The survey results indicated a low number of woody species in both units (33 species in cerrado sensu stricto and 18 in campo cerrrado). Most important species were virtually the same for both units, specially Byrsonima coccolobifolia, Acosinium subelegans, Couepia grandiflora and Stryphnodendron adstringens. The total density, total dominance and diversity were higher in cerrado sensu stricto. Moreover. there was apparently a higher lloristic resemblance with savannas of São Paulo State, specially those located in the South of thc State.

Ontogenia e estrutura do pericarpo de Prestonia riedelii (Müll. Arg.) Markgr. (Apocynaceae)

The aim of this work was to describe the morphology and ontogeny of P. riedelii fruits to aid in taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic studies in Apocynaceae. Fruits were fixed in FAA, embedded in plastic resin, sectioned at 10 ìm and stained with toluidine blue, for structural analysis. The fruit of P. riedelii is a follicarium, with two follicular fruitlets. The epicarp is one-cell-layered, with trichomes and thick cuticle. The mesocarp, originating from fundamental ovary tissue, is parenchymatous with laticifers, non-lignified fibers and vascular bundles. The endocarp sensu lato is two-celllayered of crossed sclereids, originating from the inner ovary epidermis and from a single layer of parenchyma cells of fundamental ovary tissue. Follicle dehiscence is lateral and the dehiscence process involves anatomical characteristics such as a dehiscence zone with thin-walled cells, non-lignified fibers in the mesocarp and crossed sclereids in the endocarp.