Regulación y competencia en el mercado de medicamentos: experiencias relevantes para América Latina

Incluye Bibliografía

Estudo de perfil de dissolução dos medicamentos de referência, genérico e similar contendo cefalexina na forma farmacêutica cápsula

With recent advances in technology and research into drug delivery, the modernization of tests and greater emphasis on the predictability of therapeutic effect by means of in vitro tests, the dissolution test and the study of dissolution profiles are gaining more and more importance. Though introduced initially as a way of characterizing the release profile of poorly soluble drugs, dissolution tests are currently part of pharmacopoeial monographs on almost all the oral solid pharmaceutical forms. The objective of this study was to determine the dissolution profile (percent drug dissolved versus time) of the pioneer brand, generic and similar pharmaceutical capsules containing 500mg cephalexin. Three pharmaceutical brands (reference, generic and similar) were subjected to the dissolution test and in vitro dissolution profiles were recorded. From the results of the dissolution test, it was concluded that the samples met the acceptance criterion, as no difference was observed in the percentage of the drug dissolved in a standard time. The dissolution profile indicated that this medicine, in this pharmaceutical form, dissolves readily (85% of the drug dissolved in 15 minutes) and the curves showed great similarity, suggesting that the 3 brands are pharmaceutically equivalent.

Fluorescência da clorofila-a e variação da simetria como ferramentas de investigação de plantas sob estresse

Environmental disturbances in various systems and individuals can result in a tendency for fluctuating asymmetry, which consists of a non-directional deviation from symmetry of a bilateral structure in a normally distributed population. Individuals unable to exhibit plastic responses to developmental disorders that occur at random, either genetic or environmental, may exhibit slight deviations from symmetry in organs with bilateral structure such as leaves. Thus analyzing plants by the morphological pattern of symmetry of the leaves has become an effective tool to describe the developmental of plants under stress conditions. This study aimed to analyze if the pattern of symmetry can be used as a tool to investigate the stress level to which a plant is subjected, using ultraviolet-C radiation (UV-C) as source of stress. We determined the leaf symmetry deviations (sd), the average length (AL) and the maximum width of the lamina (MWL) and the fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll-a in leaves of young plants of G. max subjected to 0, 30, 60, 120 or 240 minutes per week of UV-C during four weeks, submitting the values to ANOVA and Tukey test (p <0.05). The results showed significant reductions in AL and MWL, significant increase in sd in leaves irradiated and a drop in potential quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) and in the photosynthesis performance index (IP). The analysis of leaf symmetry showed high correlation with the stress level to which plants were submitted, being an important analysis to ascertain the fitness of the plant because it is a noninvasive method and easy to perform.

Análise multivariada aplicada em bacias hidrográficas no município de Botucatu-SP

As imagens aerofotogramétricas de uma região registram os vários aspectos da paisagem, destacando a cobertura vegetal, a rede de drenagem e principalmente o relevo do terreno conjunto que caracterizam unidades morfométricas denominadas bacias hidrográficas. Neste trabalho aplicaram-se técnicas fotointerpretativas e estatística multivariada a variáveis do relevo, medidas em bacias hidrográficas de terceira ordem de ramificação pertencentes à bacia do rio Tiête no município de Botucatu-SP, com o objetivo de agrupar bacias segundo graus de similaridade, bem como inferir sobre a representatividade da distribuição espacial dos agrupamentos em relação ao Mapa Pedológico do Estado de São Paulo, da Embrapa de 1999. Foram utilizadas fotografias aéreas verticais, escala nominal aproximada 1:30000, (2005), cartas planialtimétricas escala 1:50000 e Mapa Pedológico do Estado de São Paulo. Foram estudadas 06 bacias hidrográficas de 3aordem de ramificação, situada na região fisiográfica denominada frente da cuesta abrangendo as unidades de solo Neossolos Litólicos (RL) e Latossolos Vermelhos distrófico (LVdf), sendo esta última predominante na área de estudo. O conjunto de variáveis de relevo mostrou-se eficiente no agrupamento das bacias conforme as unidades de solos ocorrentes, concordando com as unidades identificadas no Mapa Pedológico.

Polimorfismo na produção de medicamentos

Polymorphism can cause quality deviations during the production of medicines and can influence their effectiveness. Therefore, an understanding of this phenomenon and its implications opens a wide field of possibilities to be explored in the pharmaceutical field, including the emergence of new paradigms and tools for the quality assurance of medicines. This paper presents an introduction to basic aspects of the polymorphism phenomenon and its implications for the production and control of medicines, with emphasis on drug polymorphs.

Contaminação das águas por resíduos de medicamentos: Ênfase ao cloridrato de fluoxetina

The objective of this paper was to review data on residues of medical products in aquatic environments and at wastewater treatment plants. Secondarily the paper presents a discussion about the need for a good management of drugs residues and effluents generated by this sector. Bringing the evidences of environmental possible damages reported by ecotoxicity data on the effects of fluoxetine to Vibrio fischeri and H. azteca, aquatic organisms daily exposed to environmental contaminants. From the results we observed that 0.3 mg.l-1 of fluoxetine hidrochloride induced lethality to H. azteca and 30 mg.l-1 reduced the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri. This assay evidenced higher toxicity when we used the generic product.

Análise das propagandas dos medicamentos isentos de prescrição veiculadas em revistas para prescritores na área médica

This article presents an analysis of the quality of advertisements for over-the-counter (OTC) drugs addressed to the medical profession, based on the new Anvisa resolution RDC 96 (17/12/2008). For this analysis, 16 volumes of the Brazilian Journal of Medicine (RBM) were collected, from August 2009 to December 2010. To investigate the quality of the adverts, we prepared a questionnaire divided into three parts. In total, 160 advertisements were found, of which 27 were related to drugs exempt from prescription, from 9 laboratories. It was observed that none of the advertisements complied fully with the new rules, as required by legislation (RDC 96/08), with violations ranging from identification of the advert to prohibitions of human figures and subjective messages. Therefore, it was concluded that there is a need to implement more effective monitoring, so as to improve the quality of the adverts, so they can be used as a reliable source of information and update by prescribers.

Composição de cores através da calibração radiométrica e fotométrica de LEDs: Teoria e experimento

In the present work, the basic concepts of radiometric, photometric and colorimetric calibration are presented, which were applied to three light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used to compose the different color sensations that the human eye perceives in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this sense, an experimental setup comprising a LED drive circuit and a home-made integrating sphere was assembled for the initial radiometric and photometric calibration as well as to obtain a set of intensity and spectral combinations associated to different colorimetric CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) coordinates. The reader can, therefore, understand, in a simple manner, the process of color composition inside a color monitor or display picture element (pixel ). © Sociedade Brasileira de Física.

Intervenções educativas com usuários de medicamentos como estratégias terapêuticas

A review and analysis of the literature on educative interventions (EI) for medicine users was carried out. For this purpose, databases were searched by employing descriptors related to pharmaceutical care, education and health, covering the period from 1997 to early 2011. A set of 21 articles related to EI with medicine users were selected, 18 (85.7%) of which referred to studies on basic health care. The EI most commonly reported in the articles were: talks, group discussions and educative material. The positive outcomes reported were: improvement in quality of life (better acceptance of the disease), economic advantages (reduction in number of medical consultations) and clinical improvement (risk reduction, prevention of complications).

Um Modelo para calibração de câmaras digitais baseado em linhas retas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Parâmetros do sinal eletromiográfico aplicados ao estudo da fadiga muscular localizada: caracterização do processo; análise de reprodutibilidade e multivariada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Localização sub-celular de proteínas marcadas com GFP em Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri por microscopia de fluorescência

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Respostas de trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila A em folhas verticais de Styrax camporum Pohl. (Styracaceae) submetida à deficiência hídrica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise de dispensação de medicamentos em uma farmácia hospitalar. -

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Gestão de desvios técnicos no recebimento de medicamentos na Central de Abastecimento Farmacêutico

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB