Vitamina D em mulhers adultas fumantes e ex-fumantes: ingestão, concentração sérica e associação com variáveis ecocardiográficas

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

A new experimental model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in Wistar rats

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ansiedade e baixo nível motivacional associados ao fracasso na cessação do tabagismo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação da atenção concentrada e memória em tabagistas com baixa carga tabágica

Introduction: Smoking is considered by World Health Organisation (WHO) a disease, since nicotine is addictive and cause physical, emotional and behavioral disorders in people who smoke. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentrated attention and memory in smokers and nonsmokers, and the influence of one cigarette in this variables. Material and Methods: We selected two groups of subjects between 18 and 25 years, with no history of acute or chronic respiratory disease. Group 1 (G1) consist of 40 nonsmoking individuals and group 2 (G2) 40 smokers (who smoked less than 20 cigarettes per day, for up to 10 years). The subjects were tested for concentrated attention and memory test (AC Test), nonsmokers performed the test once, smokers performed the test twice, before smoking and after five minutes after smoking one cigarette. Smokers stayed without cigarret for one our before the first test. Results: Comparing the tests nonsmokers versus smokers first test, there was no significant difference (p> 0.05), however, the analysis of the two trials of smokers, showed improvement in concentrated attention and memory after smoke (p <0.0001). Conclusions: There was no difference in Concentrated Attention and Memory among nonsmokers and smokers in abstinence, however smokers showed significant improvement in AC Test after smoking.

Cardiovascular Responses Induced by Catalase Inhibitior into the Fourth Cerebral Ventricle is Changed in Wistar Rats Exposed to Sidestream Cigarette Smoke

Objectives: This experimental study aimed to evaluate the effects of central catalase inhibition on cardiovascular responses in rats exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke (SSCS) for 3 weeks. Methodology: A total of 20 males Wistar rats (320–370g) were implanted with a stainless steel guide cannula into the fourth cerebral ventricle (4thV). Femoral artery and vein were cannulated for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) measurement and drug infusion, respectively. Rats were exposed to SSCS for three weeks, 180 minutes per day, 5 days/week [carbon monoxide (CO): 100–300 ppm)]. Baroreflex was tested with one pressor dose of phenylephrine (PHE, 8 μg/kg, bolus) and one depressor dose of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 50 μg/kg, bolus). Cardiovascular responses were evaluated before and 15 minutes after 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole (ATZ, catalase inhibitor, 0.001g/100μL) injection into the 4th V. Results: Vehicle treatment into the 4th V did not change cardiovascular responses. Central catalase inhibition increased tachycardic peak, attenuated bradycardic peak and reduced HR range at 15 minutes, increased MAP at 5, 15 and 30 min and increased HR at 5 and 15 min. In rats exposed to SSCS, central ATZ increased basal MAP after 5 min and increased HR at 5, 15 and 30 minutes, respectively, and attenuated bradycardic peak at 15 minutes. Conclusion: This study suggests that brain oxidative stress caused by SSCS influences autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system.

Usual interstitial pneumonia and smoking-related interstitial fibrosis display epithelial to mesenchymal transition in fibroblastic foci

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise histomorfométrica do músculo cardíaco de ratos recém natos gerados por matrizes submetidas ao tabagismo passivo associado ao exercício

Maternal smoking during pregnancy causes heart changes, impaired fetal growth, spontaneous abortion and low birth weight. Even in pregnant women exposed to cigarette smoke these changes can be observed. But the exercise is to answer the increased fetal weight, besides the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness of the pregnant and the fetus. The objective of this study was to analyze the ventricular muscle of young rats subjected to passive smoking associated with aquatic exercise. For the experiments used 24 female rats were divided into: GC (control), GE (exercise protocol in the water), GF(exposed to cigarette smoke) and GEF (exercise protocol on water and exposed to cigarette smoke). On the same day was held the 1st session of the experimental phase of the protocol of exposure to cigarette smoke, which consisted of 30 minutes twice a day, six days a week for three weeks, followed by the first session of the swimming program... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Efeitos do tabagismo passivo no tranporte mucociliar e sistema nervoso autônomo de adultos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Treatment of periodontal disease with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser in rats exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do fumo sobre os tecidos periodontais: uma revisão de literatura

Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for periodontal disease. Increased destruction of periodontal tissues has been observed in smokers. Studies show changes caused by different cigarette components, morphological, microbiological and immunological alterations which could lead to clinical changes. However, the pathophysiology of smoking on periodontal tissues are not completely understood. Therefore, this article aims to present a review of the literature addressing the changes on the periodontal tissues caused by the main components of the smoke observed in recent studies.

Prevenção do tabagismo na gravidez: importância do conhecimento materno sobre os malefícios para a saúde e opções de tratamento disponíveis

Objetivo: Examinar o padrão de consumo do tabaco e conhecimentos sobre as doenças relacionadas ao tabaco, assim como identificar os tipos mais populares de mídias entre gestantes para aprimorar estratégias para a prevenção e a cessação do tabagismo entre essas mulheres. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 61 gestantes atendidas em um hospital universitário e em unidades básicas de saúde em Botucatu, SP. A Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão foi aplicada a todas as participantes. Para aquelas com história de tabagismo, também foi aplicado o Teste de Fagerström para Dependência de Nicotina, e foi avaliado o grau de motivação para cessação tabágica nas fumantes. Resultados: Das 61 gestantes avaliadas, 25 (40,9%) eram fumantes (média de idade, 26,4 ± 7,4 anos), 24 (39,3%) eram ex-fumantes (média de idade, 26,4 ± 8,3 anos), e 12 (19,8%) nunca fumaram (média de idade, 25,1 ± 7,2 anos). A exposição passiva foi relatada por 39 gestantes (63,9%). Das 49 fumantes/ex-fumantes, 13 (29,6%) conheciam as consequências pulmonares do tabagismo; somente 2 (4,9%) conheciam os riscos cardiovasculares; 23 (46,9%) acreditavam que fumar não causa nenhum problema para o feto ou o recém-nascido; 21 (42,9%) consumiram álcool durante a gestação; 18 (36,7%) relataram aumento no consumo de cigarros quando bebiam; 25 (51,0%) experimentaram cigarros com sabores; e 12 (24,5%) fumaram narguilé. Entre as 61 gestantes avaliadas, a televisão foi o tipo de mídia mais disponível e favorita (85,2%), assim como a mais preferida (49,2%). Conclusões: Entre gestantes, o fumo ativo, o fumo passivo e o uso de formas alternativas de consumo de tabaco parecem ser altamente prevalentes, e tais mulheres parecem possuir poucos conhecimentos sobre as consequências do uso de tabaco. Programas educacionais que incluam informações sobre as consequências de todas as formas de uso de tabaco, utilizando formatos novos e efetivos para esta população específica, devem ser desenvolvidos para promover a prevenção/cessação do tabagismo entre gestantes. Amostras adicionais para explorar diferenças culturais e regionais são necessárias.

Nicotine dependence and levels of depression and anxiety in smokers in the process of smoking cessation

Background: Depression and anxiety are psychiatric disorders that are related to tobacco use and associated with dependence, the process of cessation, lapses and relapses after quitting smoking. Objective: To analyze the association of nicotine dependence with the level of anxiety and depression in patients who are in the process of smoking cessation. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with patients who sought the smoking cessation program in Cuiabá/MT. All the smokers enrolled from May to August 2012, participated in this study. Four instruments were applied: Socio-demographic Questionnaire, Fagerstrom test, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Following bivariate analysis, using the crude prevalence ratio, with level of significance lower than 5% (p < 0.05), having as variable outcome the nicotine dependence >= 5 (Fagerstrom). The associations with p < 0.20 were selected for robust Multiple Poisson Regression (RPa). Results: Associations of Fagerstrom >= 5 with the male sex (RP = 1.15 CI 95% 1.03-1.28); number of cigarettes/day (RP = 1,33; CI 95% 1.19-1.48); and moderate/severe level of depression (RP = 1.15; CI 95% 1.04-1.28) were found. In the final model (RPa), the following variables remained associated: male gender (RPa 1.12; CI 95% 1.01-1.24), number of cigarettes/day (RPa 1.28; CI 95% 1.15-1.43) and high level of depression (RPa 1.12; CI 95% 1.01-1.23). Discussion: High level of nicotine dependence was associated significantly with the level of depression, emphasizing the association between smoking and psychiatric comorbidities.

Cardiac remodeling induced by smoking: concepts, relevance, and potential mechanisms

Cardiac or ventricular remodeling is characterized by molecular, cellular, and interstitial alterations that lead to changes in heart size, mass, geometry and function in response to a given insult. Currently, tobacco smoke exposure is recognized as one of these insults. Indeed, tobacco smoke exposure induces the enlargement of the left-sided cardiac chambers, myocardial hypertrophy, and ventricular dysfunction. Potential mechanisms for these alterations include hemodynamic and neurohormonal changes, oxidative stress, inflammation, nitric oxide bioavailability, matrix metalloproteinases and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. This review will focus on the concepts, relevance, and potential mechanisms of cardiac remodeling induced by tobacco smoke.

Transporte mucociliar e função autonômica de tabagistas submetidos ao esforço físico submáximo e máximo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)