998 resultados para CCD (cromatografia de camada delgada)
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Propósito y Método de Estudio: Debido al incremento de la contaminación ambiental y el agotamiento de combustibles fósiles, generados a partir de la producción de energía eléctrica, se han investigado fuentes de energía alterna, tal como la energía solar, que sean amigables con el medio ambiente y ofrezcan un enorme potencial para satisfacer las futuras demandas energéticas. Actualmente, existe una búsqueda constante de nuevos materiales semiconductores que puedan ser utilizados dentro de una celda solar, a partir de métodos prácticos y que no afecten al ambiente. Por lo tanto, en el presente trabajo se investigó el desarrollo de películas delgadas de Cu3SbSe4 por medio de la técnica de depósito por baño químico (CBD) para su potencial aplicación en celdas solares. Contribuciones y Conclusiones: En este trabajo se obtuvieron películas delgadas conformadas por la fase ternaria Cu3SbSe4 y fases secundarias Cu3SbS4 y selenio elemental a partir de la técnica de depósito por baño químico. Se evaluaron las propiedades ópticas y eléctricas de las películas delgadas obtenidas, las cuales exhibieron valores de Eg de 1.63, 1.57, 1.62 eV y conductividades de 3.92, 7.20, 3.25 (Ω•cm)-1, respectivamente. Además, se determinó su tipo de conductividad, el cual resultó en un semiconductor tipo p. Esto indicó que el material tiene perspectiva de aplicación en celdas solares.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Química e Biológica, 2016.
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O glifosato (N-(fosfonometil) glicina, C3H8NO5P) é um herbicida sistêmico não seletivo (mata qualquer tipo de planta) desenvolvido para matar ervas, principalmente as perenes. É amplamente empregado na cultura de soja transgënica, a qual é resistente ao glifosato e cujas sementes são comercializadas pela Monsanto. A determinação de resíduos de glifosato em amostras ambientais, plantas e alimentos normalmente é realizada por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por fluorescência e reação pós coluna. Este método vem sendo utilizado rotineiramente no Laboratório de Resíduos e Contaminantes da Embrapa Meio Ambiente (LRC). Entretanto o mesmo é muito trabalhoso e consome grandes quantidades de reagentes. Assim neste trabalho está sendo apresentado um método cromatográfico alternativo, por cromatografia de íons, o qual possui as vantagens de ser mais simples e rápido que o método convencional.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, 2016.
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Dissertação de Mestrado, Energias Renováveis e Gestão de Energia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014
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Nowadays, in the plastic industry are used mills that accomplish the recycling of residues generated in the production of its components. These mills contain cut sheets that suffer accelerated wear, once they are submitted constantly to the tribologic efforts, decreasing its useful life. To reduce this problem, it s used noble steels or takes place superficial treatments. The ionic nitriding process presents some limitations related to the uniformity of the layer in pieces with complex geometry, committing its application in pieces as knives, head offices, engagements, etc. However, the new technique of nitriding in cathodic cage eliminates some problems, as the restrictions rings, inherent to the conventional ionic nitriding. In present work, was studied the use viabilization of steels less noble, as SAE 1020, SAE 4320 and SAE 4340, nitreded by two different techniques, to substitute the AISI 01 steels, usually used in the cut knifes fabrication, seeking to reduce the costs and at the sane time to increase the useful life of these knifes. The steel most viable was the SAE 4340, nitrided in cathodic cage, because it presented uniformity in thickness and in the hardness of the layer, besides of increased 58% in the average its useful life
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Since the beginning of the National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel in Brazil, in 2004, different raw materials were evaluated for biodiesel production, trying to combine the agricultural diversity of the country to the desire to reduce production coasts. To determine the chemical composition of biodiesel produced from common vegetables oils, international methods have been used widely in Brazil. However, for analyzing biodiesel samples produced from some alternative raw materials analytical problems have been detected. That was the case of biodiesel from castor oil. Due the need to overcome these problems, new methodologies were developed using different chromatographic columns, standards and quantitative methods. The priority was simplifying the equipment configuration, realizing faster analyses, reducing the costs and facilitating the routine of biodiesel research and production laboratories. For quantifying free glycerin, the ethylene glycol was used in instead of 1,2,4-butanetriol, without loss of quality results. The ethylene glycol is a cheaper and easier standard. For methanol analyses the headspace was not used and the cost of the equipment used was lower. A detailed determination of the esters helped the deeper knowledge of the biodiesel composition. The report of the experiments and conclusions of the research that resulted in the development of alternative methods for quality control of the composition of the biodiesel produced in Brazil, a country with considerable variability of species in agriculture, are the goals of this thesis and are reported in the following pages
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Este trabalho descreve um método para determinação de paclobutrazol em amostras de manga. A extração foi feita em metanol e as análises por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), usando coluna de fase-reversa, C-18, fase móvel metanol/água 60:40, v/v, detecção e quantificação a 220 nm. Os seguintes parâmetros de validação foram obtidos: limite de detecção do método de 0,025 mg kg-1, limite de quantificação do método de 0,050 mg kg-1, linearidade de 0,100?5,00 mg L-1 (r2? 0,9994); recuperação de 82 a 92%, precisão intermediária (%RSD) < 12%, para paclobutrazol. O método mostrou ser simples, eficiente e confiável para a determinação de resíduos de paclobutrazol em amostras de manga.
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2008
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2008
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2006
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Amostras de extrato fluido de guaco - Mikania glomerata Sprengel provenientes de drogas referentes aos 12 meses do ano, foram analisadas comparativamente com vistas a obtenção de perfil cromatográfico, ao lado de padrões de cumarina, ácido cinamoil grandiflórico e ácido caurenóico. Diversos sistemas cromatográficos foram empregados. Como fases estacionárias foram empregadas sílica gelG-GO e sílica gel GF; como fases móveis: heptano: acetona 10:30; benzeno: acetona: acetato de etila 15:3:2; benzeno: acetato de etila 19:1; clorofórmio; acetato de etila: 7:3 e como reveladoers: reativo sulfovanílico: anisaldeído; solução de hidróxido de sódio 5%. A observação dos cromatogramas foi feita à luz natural e à luz UV de 254 e 366 nm. Foram observadas as presenças de pelo menos 18 substâncias no extrato fluido entre as quais as usadas como padrão. O ácido caurenóico não aparece como mancha extinção quando observado à luz UV em camada de sílica gel GF. Revelado com reativo sulfovanílico inicialmente apresenta coloração amarela a qual passa a violeta, roxa e, finalmente branco-leitosa. O sistema cromatográfico que melhor se presta a caracterização do extrato de guaco e constituído de: fase móvel: sílica gel 60; fase estacionária: clorofórmio: acetato etila 7:3; revelador hidróxido de sódio a 5%. Neste sistema, após revelação e observação a luz UV, aparecem 5 manchas no extrato entre as quais a de maior intensidade e a correspondente a cumarina que apresenta coloração amarelo esverdeado.
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Primary craniocervical dystonia (CCD) is generally attributed to functional abnormalities in the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamocortical loops, but cerebellar pathways have also been implicated in neuroimaging studies. Hence, our purpose was to perform a volumetric evaluation of the infratentorial structures in CCD. We compared 35 DYT1/DYT6 negative patients with CCD and 35 healthy controls. Cerebellar volume was evaluated using manual volumetry (DISPLAY software) and infratentorial volume by voxel based morphometry of gray matter (GM) segments derived from T1 weighted 3 T MRI using the SUIT tool (SPM8/Dartel). We used t-tests to compare infratentorial volumes between groups. Cerebellar volume was (1.14 ± 0.17) × 10(2) cm(3) for controls and (1.13 ± 0.14) × 10(2) cm(3) for patients; p = 0.74. VBM demonstrated GM increase in the left I-IV cerebellar lobules and GM decrease in the left lobules VI and Crus I and in the right lobules VI, Crus I and VIIIb. In a secondary analysis, VBM demonstrated GM increase also in the brainstem, mostly in the pons. While gray matter increase is observed in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum and in the brainstem, the atrophy is concentrated in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum, demonstrating a differential pattern of infratentorial involvement in CCD. This study shows subtle structural abnormalities of the cerebellum and brainstem in primary CCD.
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Raman imaging spectroscopy is a highly useful analytical tool that provides spatial and spectral information on a sample. However, CCD detectors used in dispersive instruments present the drawback of being sensitive to cosmic rays, giving rise to spikes in Raman spectra. Spikes influence variance structures and must be removed prior to the use of multivariate techniques. A new algorithm for correction of spikes in Raman imaging was developed using an approach based on comparison of nearest neighbor pixels. The algorithm showed characteristics including simplicity, rapidity, selectivity and high quality in spike removal from hyperspectral images.
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Cardboard packing for horticultural products has as main function to protect them. The design of a cardboard packing request the knowledge of the bending stiffens which is depending on the modulus of elasticity. The objective of this work was to calculate the cardboard modulus of elasticity from data obtained in laboratory using physical characterization test, with different methods, and comparing the results with the values obtained experimentally. Ten samples of each cardboard selected for this study were tested in the paper fabrication direction and in its transverse direction. The papers liner and medium resistance to the traction, used to calculate the bending stiffness, was determined in a universal machine test. To obtaining of the bending stiffens the four points test was accomplished. Expressive variations among the methods from which the modulus of elasticity is obtained were observed and that influence the bending stiffness of the structure. The stiffness values obtained experimentally were always greater than the values obtained from analytical method. This difference can be attributed to two factors, the production processes that assurance a larger rigidity than the components separately and the addition of the adhesive layer that is not taken in consideration in the analytic calculations.