Plane wave scattering by a spherical di-electric particle in motion : a relativistic extension of the Mie theory

Light scattering from small spherical particles has applications in a vast number of disciplines including astrophysics, meteorology optics and particle sizing. Mie theory provides an exact analytical characterization of plane wave scattering from spherical dielectric objects. There exist many variants of the Mie theory where fundamental assumptions of the theory has been relaxed to make generalizations. Notable such extensions are generalized Mie theory where plane waves are replaced by optical beams, scattering from lossy particles, scattering from layered particles or shells and scattering of partially coherent (non-classical) light. However, no work has yet been reported in the literature on modifications required to account for scattering when the particle or the source is in motion relative to each other. This is an important problem where many applications can be found in disciplines involving moving particle size characterization. In this paper we propose a novel approach, using special relativity, to address this problem by extending the standard Mie theory for scattering by a particle in motion with a constant speed, which may be very low, moderate or comparable to the speed of light. The proposed technique involves transforming the scattering problem to a reference frame co-moving with the particle, then applying the Mie theory in that frame and transforming the scattered field back to the reference frame of the observer.

Transformasi rumah tradisional bali di kawasan wisata : sebuah proses perjalanan arsitektur tradisional Bali

The traditional Balinese house is a house traditionally accommodating domestic and sociocultural activities inspired by Hindu Balinese religion. Cultural activities inspiring setting of the house have attracted tourists where the increase has stimulated people to transform their houses through constructing new structures that often change the ideal form and setting of the house. These changes give rise to a question about the form and the setting as owner's interpretation to accommodate their activities. Through visual documentations and interview, this paper explores the transformation in tourism areas as a process of the house development and the needs of spaces to accommodate occupants' activities.

The corrosion inhibition of aluminium alloy 7075-T651 with cerium and Mischmetal di phenyl phosphate

Previous studies have shown that cerium diphenyl phosphate (Cedpp) 3 is a very effective inhibitor of corrosion of aluminium alloys in chloride solutions. This paper describes the results of further studies using electrochemical and constant immersion corrosion tests to compare the effectiveness of Ce(dpp) 3 and Mischmetal diphenyl phosphate Mm(dpp) 3 as inhibitors of corrosion pitting on AA7075-T651 aluminium alloy. The results shows that both Ce(dpp) 3 and Mm(dpp) 3 are excellent inhibitors of pitting corrosion of this alloy in very aggressive environments of continuously aerated 0.1M and 1.0M sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Polarisation tests indicate that these compounds act as a cathodic inhibitors by reducing the rate of the oxygen reduction reaction, which results in a decreased corrosion current density and a separation of the corrosion potential from the pitting potential. This inhibition is thought to be due to the formation of a surface film consisting of rare earth metal oxide, aluminium oxide and a cerium-aluminium organo-phosphate complex. Surface analysis data from scanning electron microscopy and X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy show the complex nature of this protective film. This work further develops our understanding about the mechanisms through which these complex films form, and how inhibition occurs in the presence of these compounds.

Supramolecular ionic networks with superior thermal and transport properties based on novel delocalized di-anionic compounds

Supramolecular ionic networks based on highly delocalized dianions having (trifluoromethane-sulfonyl)imide, (propylsulfonyl)methanide and (cyano-propylsulfonyl)imide groups were developed and their physical properties were examined in detail. Most of the synthesized compounds were semi-crystalline possessing Tm values close to 100°C; however, amorphous networks were also obtained using aromatic asymmetric dianions. Rheological measurements in temperature sweep tests at a constant frequency confirmed two different behaviors: a fast melting close to the Tm for semi-crystalline materials and a thermoreversible network for liquid transition for the amorphous supramolecular ionic networks. It was found that the amorphous ionic networks showed significantly higher ionic conductivity (10^-3 S cm^-1 at 100°C) than the crystalline ionic networks (10^-6 S cm^-1) and previously reported amorphous citrate ionic networks (10^-5 S cm^-1). The supramolecular ionic networks containing hydrophobic (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide groups demonstrated improved water stability and higher thermal stability than the previously synthesized carboxylate ones. Noticeably, the obtained amorphous supramolecular ionic networks combine not only high ionic conductivity and thermal stability, but also self-healing properties into the same material.

Arbitragem e relação de causalidade entre os mercados futuros de dolar e di 1 dia

Esta dissertação constitui-se numa análise do mercado futuro de Dólar no Brasil, enfatizando as possibilidades de arbitragem relação de causalidade entre os mercados futuros de dólar de Dl dia. Na introdução destacamos importância do mercado futuro de moedas para governos, empresas, instituições financeiras economistas. No capítulo apresentamos um panorama do mercado internacional de câmbio, inserindo um breve histórico do mercado futuro de moedas diferenciando mercado "a termo" do mercado futuro. questão da precificação por arbitragem neste mercado discutida no capítulo 2, onde deduzimos intervalo de (não)arbitragem. No capítulo testamos relação de causalidade entre desvalorização cambial e a taxa de juros projetadas nos respectivos mercados futuros. Testamos, também, estacionariedade da série de juros da desvalorização cambial no período analisado. No quarto capítulo fazemos uma análise do mercado futuro de dólar no Brasil, discutindo mudança de comportamento da desvalorização na véspera do vencimento dos contratos devido queda da liquidez, funcionamento "a prêmio" deste ativo persistente possibilidade de arbitragem para período analisado.

Síntese de ligantes quirais pentacíclicos 1,5 e bicíclicos 1,3 di substituídos e suas aplicações como indutores quirais na reação de adição de dietilzinco ao bensaldeído

Neste trabalho foi observado um rearranjodiotrópico do composto quiral (+)-1 o que levou na sua racemização. Verificou-se que esse processoé termicamente permitido pela simetria dos orbitais de fronteira HOMO-LUMO. Posteriormente, constatou-se que o rearranjo não era somente governado pela temperatura, mas também pelas condições reacionais, respeitada a simetria de orbitais. A partir da obtenção dos precursores quirais (−)-40 e (−)-41 através de reação de transesterificação de (±)-40 com acetato de vinila catalisada pela lípase da Cândida rugosa, realizou-se a síntese de uma série de compostos quirais bicíclicos 1,3 di-substituídos, dióis e aminoálcoois. Estes bicíclicos quirais foram testados como indutores quirais na reação de adição enantioseletiva de dietilzinco ao benzaldeído. Observou-se, no caso dos aminoálcoois, que a posição do estereocentro C-O tem uma importância fundamental no processo, determinando o grau de enantioseletividade da reação. Sintetizou-se o aminoálcool (+)-63 o qual foi utilizado na redução enantioseletiva de cetonas pró-quirais através da síntese, in situ, de sua oxazaborolidina.