GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION IN APIS-CERANA-INDICA F - A SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION ANALYSIS OF MORPHOMETRIC PATTERNS

Spatial patterns of morphometric variation in Apis cerana indica were analysed. Factor and spatial autocorrelation analyses were applied to 29 characters, measured in 17 populations in India. Correlograms showed that 15 characters are patterned geographically, and 13 of them are related to overall size. These characters are distributed as a north-south cline, probably reflecting adaptations to environmental conditions. However, the great number of characteristics without geographical pattern suggests that part of the morphometric variability is due to local stochastic divergences.

Stabilization of APIs and nutraceuticals through cocrystallization and molecular confinement

Cocrystallization of the molecule of interest could be a smart and dainty way to tune solubility properties of solid phases leaving the molecule chemically unchanged, hence it is widely investigated by companies and by solid state scientists. Despite of this extremely high interest towards cocrystallization no particular emphasis has been paid to using it as a means to stabilize liquid molecules. In this work we define a benchmark of relevant molecules for human health that have been combined with suitable partners according to crystal engineering methods in order to obtain cocrystals. Solubility properties in different solvents of cocrystals new solid phases have been tested and compared to the properties of the drugs. A further approach to deal with volatile compounds is molecular confinement inside molecular scaffold. Nowadays metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are studied in many fields ranging from catalysis to trapping or storage of gases, such as hydrogen, methane, CO2 thanks to their extremely high porosity. Our goal is to confine liquid guests of biological relevance inside MOF pores, monitoring via X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy and thermal analysis the stabilization of the molecule of interest inside the cavities.

Tema 6, parte 2: APIs de HTML5 para móviles

En este tema se hace una introducción a los APIs de HTML5 con utilidad en dispositivos móviles.

Apis hyblaea, siue Petri Ioseph Rodriguez e Societate Iesu ... Utilia pharmaca elaborandi per-breuis methodus neotericorum usui valde accomodata ; in lucem prodiens sub auspicijs ... Vitalis Marin ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Le magnétisme animal retrouvé dans l'antiquité; ou, Dissertation historique, étymologique et mythologique, sur Esculape, Hippocrate et Galien; sur Apis, Sérapés ou Osiris, et sur Isis;

Mode of access: Internet.

Documentação automatizada de APIs com tutoriais gerados a partir do Stack Overflow

One of the most common forms of reuse is through API usage. However, one of the main challenges to effective usage is an accessible and easy to understand documentation. Several papers have proposed alternatives to make more understandable API documentation, or even more detailed. However, these studies have not taken into account the complexity of understanding of the examples to make these documentations adaptable to different levels of experience of developers. In this work we developed and evaluated four different methodologies to generate tutorials for APIs from the contents of Stack Overflow and organizing them according to the complexity of understanding. The methodologies were evaluated through tutorials generated for the Swing API. A survey was conducted to evaluate eight different features of the generated tutorials. The overall outcome of the tutorials was positive on several characteristics, showing the feasibility of the use of tutorials generated automatically. In addition, the use of criteria for presentation of tutorial elements in order of complexity, the separation of the tutorial in basic and advanced parts, the nature of tutorial to the selected posts and existence of didactic source had significantly different results regarding a chosen generation methodology. A second study compared the official documentation of the Android API and tutorial generated by the best methodology of the previous study. A controlled experiment was conducted with students who had a first contact with the Android development. In the experiment these students developed two tasks, one using the official documentation of Android and using the generated tutorial. The results of this experiment showed that in most cases, the students had the best performance in tasks when they used the tutorial proposed in this work. The main reasons for the poor performance of students in tasks using the official API documentation were due to lack of usage examples, as well as its difficult use.

APIs de seguridad en .NET Framework

Este trabajo hace un estudio de algunas de las herramientas de seguridad disponibles en .Net Framework así como la forma de usarlas en un desarrollo web bajo la metodología de desarrollo de ASP.NET siguiendo el modelo Vista-Controlador y usando como entorno de desarrollo Visual Studio. Además de repasar las herramientas disponibles y la forma de uso se ha desarrollado también una aplicación de ejemplo: ItemCoteca-Web; en la que se demuestra cómo resolver el registro de usuarios, la autenticación y autorización de forma segura. En paralelo se ha implementado un cliente Android: Itemcoteca-app que realiza autenticación, registro y dispone de un chat seguro de incidencias para hablar con administradores OnlineEste trabajo no solo presenta las APIs disponibles sino también las buenas prácticas que define Microsoft para el uso de sus herramientas. En particular nos centramos en los tres tipos de controladores que podemos encontrar en una aplicación web Asp.net que son Controllers, WebApi y SignalR, comentando sus diferencias y su uso para clientes Web y móviles.

Age polyethism in Plebeia emerina (Friese) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies related to propolis handling

Stingless bees collect plant resins and make it into propolis, although they have a wider range of use for this material than do honey bees (Apis spp.). Plebeia spp. workers employ propolis mixed with wax (cerumen) for constructing and sealing nest structures, while they use viscous (sticky) propolis for defense by applying it onto their enemies. Isolated viscous propolis deposits are permanently maintained at the interior of their colonies, as also seen in other Meliponini species. Newly-emerged Plebeia emerina (Friese) workers were observed stuck to and unable to escape these viscous propolis stores. We examined the division of labor involved in propolis manipulation, by observing marked bees of known age in four colonies of P. emerina from southern Brazil. Activities on brood combs, the nest involucrum and food pots were observed from the first day of life of the marked bees. However, work on viscous propolis deposits did not begin until the 13th day of age and continued until the 56th day (maximum lifespan in our sample). Although worker bees begin to manipulate cerumen early, they seem to be unable to handle viscous propolis till they become older.

Assessment of the Mutagenic Activity of Extracts of Brazilian Propolis in Topical Pharmaceutical Formulations on Mammalian Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Propolis possesses various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and antioxidant properties. A topically applied product based on Brazilian green propolis was developed for the treatment of burns. For such substance to be used more safely in future clinical applications, the present study evaluated the mutagenic potential of topical formulations supplemented with green propolis extract (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6%) based on the analysis of chromosomal aberrations and of micronuclei. In the in vitro studies, 3-h pulse (G(1) phase of the cell cycle) and continuous (20 h) treatments were performed. In the in vivo assessment, the animals were injured on the back and then submitted to acute (24 h), subacute (7 days) and subchronic (30 days) treatments consisting of daily dermal applications of gels containing different concentrations of propolis. Similar frequencies of chromosomal aberrations were observed for cultures submitted to 3-h pulse and continuous treatment with gels containing different propolis concentrations and cultures not submitted to any treatment. However, in the continuous treatment cultures treated with the 3.6% propolis gel presented significantly lower mitotic indices than the negative control. No statistically significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei were observed between animals treated with gels containing different concentrations of propolis and the negative control for the three treatment times. Under the present conditions, topical formulations containing different concentrations of green propolis used for the treatment of burns showed no mutagenic effect in either test system, but 3.6% propolis gel was found to be cytotoxic in the in vitro test.

A checkpointing-enabled and resource-aware Java Virtual Machine for efficient and robust e-Science applications in grid environments

Object-oriented programming languages presently are the dominant paradigm of application development (e. g., Java,. NET). Lately, increasingly more Java applications have long (or very long) execution times and manipulate large amounts of data/information, gaining relevance in fields related with e-Science (with Grid and Cloud computing). Significant examples include Chemistry, Computational Biology and Bio-informatics, with many available Java-based APIs (e. g., Neobio). Often, when the execution of such an application is terminated abruptly because of a failure (regardless of the cause being a hardware of software fault, lack of available resources, etc.), all of its work already performed is simply lost, and when the application is later re-initiated, it has to restart all its work from scratch, wasting resources and time, while also being prone to another failure and may delay its completion with no deadline guarantees. Our proposed solution to address these issues is through incorporating mechanisms for checkpointing and migration in a JVM. These make applications more robust and flexible by being able to move to other nodes, without any intervention from the programmer. This article provides a solution to Java applications with long execution times, by extending a JVM (Jikes research virtual machine) with such mechanisms. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sistema de sugestão de restaurantes

Actualmente assiste-se a uma difusão cada vez mais acentuada de dispositivos móveis multi-funções que incluem suporte para GPS (Global Positioning System). Outro fenómeno recente é a elevada aceitação dos serviços de rede social, que são cada vez mais numerosos e com objectivos diversificados. Alguns destes serviços de rede social disponibilizam APIs que permitem o acesso programático à informação nelescontida, viabilizando desse modo a adição de novas funcionalidades, bem como a utilização desta informação por aplicações externas. Aproveitando estes fenómenos, pretende-se implementar um sistema que permita ao utilizador obter no seu dispositivo móvel, de forma simples e imediata, sugestões de restaurantes mais próximos da sua localização actual. A lista de sugestões é elaborada tendo como base vários critérios, entre eles, a classificação dada pelos elementos da rede social em que o utilizador participe. Ambiciona-se utilização à escala mundial e consequentemente, pretende-se que o sistema tenha as características desejáveis num sistema distribuído de larga escala, i.e. escalabilidade e elevada disponibilidade. A solução Find-a-meal é um sistema de sugestão de restaurantes através do qual, especificando uma localização, são obtidas sugestões personalizadas com base nas preferências da rede social do utilizador. Este sistema foi desenhado para suportar o aumento de escala no sentido horizontal e ter elevada disponibilidade

Development of novel ionic liquids based on valproate anion

Valproic acid (2-propyl pentanoic acid) is a pharmaceutical drug used for treatment of epileptic seizures absence, tonic-clonic (grand mal), complex partial seizures, and mania in bipolar disorder [1]. Valproic acid is a slightly soluble in water and therefore as active pharmaceutical ingredient it is most commonly applied in form of sodium or magnesium valproate salt [1].However the list of adverse effects of these compounds is large and includes among others: tiredness, tremor, sedation and gastrointestinal disturbances [2]. Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising compounds as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)[3]. In this context, the combinations of the valproate anion with appropriate cation when ILs and salts are formed can significantly alter valproate physical, chemical and thermal properties.[4] This methodology can be used for drug modification (alteration of drug solubility in water, lipids, bioavailability, etc)[2] and therefore can eliminate some adverse effect of the drugs related to drug toxicity due for example to its solubility in water and lipids (interaction with intestines). Herein, we will discuss the development of ILs based on valproate anion (Figure 1) prepared according a recent optimized and sustainable acid-base neutralization method [4]. The organic cations such as cetylpyridinium, choline and imidazolium structures were selected based on their biocompatibility and recent applications in pharmacy [3]. All novel API-ILs based on valproate have been studied in terms of their physical, chemical (viscosity, density, solubility) and thermal (calorimetric studies) properties as well as their biological activity.