Estudo clínico-epidemiológico da doença de Chagas no distrito de Serra Azul, Mateus Leme, centro-oeste do Estado de Minas Gerais

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença de Chagas permanece como grave problema de saúde pública na América Latina, mesmo com o controle de sua transmissão. Esse estudo avaliou a prevalência da doença de Chagas no distrito de Serra Azul, Centro-Oeste de Minas Gerais, identificando as anormalidades eletrocardiografias dos indivíduos com sorologia positiva. MÉTODOS: A sorologia para doença de Chagas foi realizada em 676 indivíduos (48% da população). O exame clínico e o eletrocardiograma (ECG) foram realizados na população sorologicamente positiva. Selecionou-se um grupo controle para comparação dos dados do ECG. RESULTADOS: A população estudada residia principalmente em área rural, com baixo nível sóciocultural. Quatorze indivíduos foram positivos, com prevalência de 2,1%. Os indivíduos chagásicos eram de faixa etária mais avançada (67 vs 39 anos; p < 0,001). As anormalidades ao ECG nos chagásicos foram frequentes (79%). O ECG dos soropositivos mostrou maior prevalência de extrassístoles ventriculares, distúrbio da condução do ramo direito isolado ou associado ao bloqueio da divisão ântero-superior em relação ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência da doença de Chagas no distrito de Serra Azul foi de 2,1%. Os soropositivos estavam em faixa etária mais elevada, sugerindo controle da transmissão. As anormalidades eletrocardiográficas foram frequentes, predominando distúrbio de condução do ramo direito.

About using serious games to teach (Portuguese) sign language

Sign language is the form of communication used by Deaf people, which, in most cases have been learned since childhood. The problem arises when a non-Deaf tries to contact with a Deaf. For example, when non-Deaf parents try to communicate with their Deaf child. In most cases, this situation tends to happen when the parents did not have time to properly learn sign language. This dissertation proposes the teaching of sign language through the usage of serious games. Currently, similar solutions to this proposal do exist, however, those solutions are scarce and limited. For this reason, the proposed solution is composed of a natural user interface that is intended to create a new concept on this field. The validation of this work, consisted on the implementation of a serious game prototype, which can be used as a source for learning (Portuguese) sign language. On this validation, it was first implemented a module responsible for recognizing sign language. This first stage, allowed the increase of interaction and the construction of an algorithm capable of accurately recognizing sign language. On a second stage of the validation, the proposal was studied so that the pros and cons can be determined and considered on future works.

A medição de eventos adversos hospitalares através dos dados administrativos

RESUMO - A qualidade e segurança são pilares essenciais dos sistemas de saúde modernos. A sua monitorização e avaliação tem como primeiro passo o conhecimento da realidade no que se refere aos eventos adversos que afetam os utentes. Existem diversas metodologias de medição de eventos adversos. A revisão de processos clínicos, apesar de constituir o padrão de ouro, não permite, ao contrário da análise dos dados administrativos, avaliar de forma abrangente, os episódios de internamento. Esta metodologia a partir de dados recolhidos rotineiramente em inúmeros países, como Portugal, apresenta porém diversas limitações, para as quais têm sido instituídas soluções tais como a sinalização do momento de aquisição do diagnóstico, que pela recente instituição não foi utilizada neste trabalho. Num hospital do Sistema nacional de saúde em Portugal, pela análise dos dados administrativos, determinou-se nos episódios de internamento cirúrgico uma incidência de 2,5% de eventos adversos. Comprovou-se a relação de idade, sexo masculino e admissão urgente com a sua ocorrência. Os doentes que sofreram um evento adverso apresentaram uma probabilidade de óbito bastante superior (odds ratio 12,2) e apresentaram tempos de internamento médio prolongados em cerca de vinte dias. Estes dados não são contudo ajustados para o risco do doente e das intervenções a que são sujeitos. Se forem considerados os tempos de internamento das tabelas de GDH em Portugal, o prolongamento do internamento é de 8,4 dias. A avaliação dos custos adicionais, realizada pelos dias de internamento adicionais, está condicionada à questão metodológica atrás reportada, estimando-se implicações de 1,1% a 8,8% de dias de internamento, com custos de 1.000.000 a 8.600.000 Euros. Em Portugal a monitorização sistemática da ocorrência de eventos, e consequentemente das implicações para a saúde do doente e custos financeiros, não é ainda uma realidade. A implementação do código "presente na admissão" permitirá dar o passo seguinte na utilização dos dados administrativos na compreensão do fenómeno dos eventos adversos.

Wind Power in the Portuguese Landscape: Global Concerns and Local Costs

Wind turbines and solar panels are becoming second nature in Portugal, as its occurrence in the country becomes ubiquitous. Somehow, one could argue that renewable energy in Portugal is in the process of ‘naturalisation’ as part of a new – mechanised, but environmentally benign – landscape. Portuguese Institute for the Conservation of Nature and Biodiversity (ICNB) has shown an ambiguous stance on this issue, defending global concerns towards renewable energy, while at the same time attempting to engage locals in the preservation of extensive ‘classified areas’. In the course of this research, we tried to focus on these incongruities and to analyse how they are impacting local communities during the process of wind power installation.

Evaluation of neuroprotective effects of natural extracts obtained from portuguese agro-food residues

Countries are currently faced with problems derived from changes in lifespan and an increase in lifestyle-related diseases. Neurodegenerative disorders such Parkinson’s (PD) and Alzheimer’s (AD) diseases are an increasing problem in aged societies. Data from World Alzheimer Report 2011 indicate that 36 million people worldwide are living with dementia. Oxidative stress has been associated with the development of AD and PD. Therefore there is interest to search for effective compounds or therapies to combat the oxidative damage in these diseases. Current evidence strongly supports a contribution of phenolic compounds present in fruits and vegetables to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such AD and PD. The industrial processing of a wide variety of fruits results in the accumulation of by-products without commercial value. Opuntia ficus-indica (cactus pear) is consumed fresh and processed like in juice. Prunnus avium (sweet cherry) is consumed fresh but the organoleptics characteristics of the fruits leads to the smaller and ragged fruits have no commercial value. Fruit extracts of both species has described to be rich in phenolic compounds and to have high antioxidant activities due to its composition. The aim of this work was assessing the efficacy of O. ficus-indica and P. avium by-products extracts obtained with conventional solvent extraction and pressurized liquid extraction in a neurodegeneration cell model. All extracts have protected neuroblastoma cells from H2O2-induced death at low, non-toxic levels, which approach to physiologically-relevant serum concentration. However, cherry extract has a slighter neuroprotective activity. The protective effect of Opuntia extracts are not conducted by a direct antioxidant activity since there are not decreases in intracellular ROS levels in cell treated with extracts and challenged with H2O2, while cherry extract neuroprotection seems to be due to a direct scavenging activity. Extracts from different biological matrixes seems to protect neuronal cells trough different cellular mechanisms.

Self-initiation expatriation: A focus on Italian and Portuguese students

The purpose of this work project is to analyze the phenomenon of self-initiated expatriation (SIE) through its link to the Protean Career and Career Capital theories, focusing in particular on Italian and Portuguese students attending a Master in the business area. The main research questions are to understand the reasons driving the intention to expatriate, after the conclusion of the academic path, using three main categories (Adventure Motivation, Work Characteristic Motivation and instrumental Motivation) and the intention to repatriate. A sample of Italian and Portuguese students was obtained. Italians show a higher intention to expatriate relative to Portuguese; nevertheless, no other significant differences were found among the two populations, because of the similar cultural background and economic situation. Additionally, several heterogeneities were observed considering other clusters defined by Gender, Teaching Language of the Master and Past International Experiences, across the two nationalities. Furthermore, possible future researches and practical implications were discussed.

Rethinking the Portuguese banking sector in a post-crisis context

As the financial crisis hit the Portuguese banks, the profitability of the whole sector squeezed to historical minimums. Reinventing the banking business model in the post-crisis context is an overriding issue to achieve sustainable profits and a low cost-to-income ratio. We propose banks to adopt a true multichannel approach, proceeding to a branch network reformatting and a relocation of services to online channels; adopt a true customer-centric approach and reduce the product and services portfolio complexity; finally, industrialize operations and rationalize the structure. With these measures in place, Portuguese banks will become leaner and more efficient, aspiring to a cost-to-income ratio below 45%.

Portuguese banks and the economic adjustment programme: balance sheet adjustments and impact on profitability

Double Degree. A Work Project presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics and a Masters Degree in Finance from Louvain School of Management

Felmini, the success of a Portuguese footwear company in the Italian market

NSBE - UNL

Compensating variation and the young Portuguese emigrants: A study on how to keep our own

Emigration has been a very present word in Portugal. Due to the effects of the Economic Crisis and the Memorandum of Understanding policies, we have witnessed a significant yearly migration outflow of people searching for better conditions. This study aims to measure the factors affecting this flow as well as how much the probability of emigrating has evolved during the years bridging 2006 to 2012. I shall consider the decision of emigrating as Discrete Choice Random Utility maximization use a conditional Logit framework to model the probability choice for 31 OECD countries of destination. Moreover I will ascertain the compensating variation required such that the probability of choice in 2012 is adjusted back to 2007 values, keeping all other variables constant. I replicate this exercise using the unemployment rate instead of income. The most likely country of destination is Luxembourg throughout the years analyzed and the values obtained for the CV is of circa 1.700€ in terms of Income per capita and -11% in terms of the unemployment rate adjustment.

Portuguese business groups at the beginning of the 21st century: Trends, characteristics and configurations

This study considers the literature on the persistence of business groups in developed economies and analyzes the Portuguese case. The reconstruction of the largest business groups assembles information relevant to define characteristics that enable them to thrive. Increasing internationalization, more specialization in core activities and family control define these types of big businesses. New sectors also emerge as a characteristic of these business groups when compared to the ones existing 40 years ago.

Determinants of reelection in Portuguese municipal elections

This Work Project investigates the determinants of reelection using data on the 278 Portuguese mainland municipalities for the period 1976-2009. We implement a logit fixed effect model to control for the municipalities’ unobserved characteristics that remain constant over time. Political variables, such as the vote share of the incumbent’s party in previous election, the number of mayor’s consecutive mandates and abstention rate, are found to be relevant in explaining incumbent’s reelection. Moreover, as to the mayor’s individual characteristics, age and education contribute to explain reelection prospects. We also provide weak evidence that a higher degree of fiscal autonomy increases political turnover and that the good economic prospects of the municipality positively affect reelection. Finally, the residents’ level of education and the size of the municipal population have an explanatory power on mayor’s reelection. We perform several robustness checks to confirm these results.

Is there space to build one more transshipment terminal within Portuguese territory?

NSBE - UNL

Determinants of Portuguese bank’s provisioning policies: Discretionary behaviour of generic and specific allowances

In this paper we test for the impact of the regulatory environment on a bank’s discretionary provisioning practices. We develop a model that structures the dynamics of the provision policy for the two classes of provisions: generic provisions and specific provisions. The model is tested using a comprehensive database of all financial institutions operating in Portugal for 1990-2000. This unique dataset comprises banks subject to the Portuguese rules as well as bank subsidiaries subject to their home-country regulation and we were able to identify distinct behaviours between them. Our results show the importance of handling he two types of provisions separately. They support the hypothesis that banks have a discretionary behaviour in setting up their provisions, and find evidence of income smoothing and capital management. We also find that the regulatory regime impacts on discretionary provisioning policies because banks when forced to increase one type of provision react by reducing the iscretionary component of the other, a finding we designated as a substitution effect.