Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in adolescent rats endures until adulthood: Lack of association with GluR1 and NR1 glutamate receptor subunits and tyrosine hydroxylase

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Effects of chronic stress on nicotine-induced locomotor activity and corticosterone release in adult and adolescent rats

We examined nicotine-induced locomotion and increase in corticosterone plasma levels in adolescent and adult animals exposed to chronic restraint stress. Adolescent [postnatal day (P) 28-37] and adult (P60-67) rats were restrained for 2 hours once daily for 7 days. Three days after the last exposure to stress, the animals were challenged with saline or nicotine (0.4 mg/kg subcutaneously). Nicotine-induced locomotion was recorded in an activity cage. Trunk blood samples were collected in a subset of adolescent and adult rats and plasma corticosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Exposure to stress did not affect the nicotine-induced locomotor- or corticosterone-activating effects in both ages.

Amphetamine- and nicotine-induced cross-sensitization in adolescent rats persists until adulthood

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Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the exposure to chronic restraint or variable stress in early adolescent rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Stress-induced reinstatement of amphetamine-conditioned place preference and changes in tyrosine hydroxylase in the nucleus accumbens in adolescent rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparison of caffeine-induced locomotor activity between adolescent and adult rats

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Sobrepeso na adolescência de filhos de mães que tiveram distúrbios glicêmicos na gestação

OBJETIVO: Observar se diferentes graus de hiperglicemia durante a gestação determinam diferentes freqüências de obesidade e suas comorbidades na adolescência dos filhos. MÉTODOS: Participaram 73 filhos distribuídos em três grupos, segundo a tolerância à glicose materna: G1 (n = 27) teste oral de tolerância à glicose (TOTG) e glicemia diária (GD) normais; G2 (n = 23) TOTG normal e GD elevada; G3 (n = 23) TOTG e GD alterados (diabetes melito ges tacional - DMG). Todos foram submetidos à avaliação clínica (antropometria), a um questionário (dados neonatais, hábitos alimentares) e a dosagem basal de glicose e perfil lipídico sérico. A comparação entre os grupos foi feita por análise de variância e teste de Goodman. RESULTADOS: As mães G3 apresentaram glicemia de jejum (GJ) e GD mais elevadas que as G2 e G1 (GJ: 98 ± 10 versus 83 ± 5 versus 78 ± 10 mg/dL; GD: 104 ± 12 versus 93 ± 7 versus 85 ± 9 mg/dL, respectivamente; p < 0,001). As mães G2 apresentaram GD mais elevada que as G1 (93 ± 7 versus 85 ± 9 mg/dL; p < 0,001). O peso de nascimento (PN) dos filhos G3 foi mais elevado que o dos G2 e G1 (3.667 ± 527 versus 3.167 ± 565 e 3.282 ± 401 g, respectivamente; p < 0,05). Os filhos G3 apresentaram maior freqüência de sobrepeso que os G1 (52,2 versus 14,8%; p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Mães com DMG, apresentando GJ e GD elevadas, têm filhos com maior PN e maior freqüência de sobrepeso na adolescência. Esses filhos precisam ser acompanhados desde a infância.

Percepção de mães adolescentes acerca da participação paterna na gravidez, nascimento e criação do filho

A participação paterna na gravidez de adolescentes ainda é pouco discutida, embora a ausência do companheiro seja apontada como um dos problemas sociais dela decorrente. Esta investigação, de cunho qualitativo, teve por objetivo descrever como se dá a participação do pai do bebê durante a gestação, nacimento e criação do filho nos primeiros meses de vida, na perspectiva de adolescentes que passaram pela experiência de engravidar e ter um filho. Na sistematização dos dados, os mesmos foram agrupados em duas categorias: vivenciando a gravidez e valorizando a presença e participação do companheiro/pai.

Transfer of Maternal Immunity to Newborns of Diabetic Mothers

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Blood galactose and glucose levels in mothers, cord blood, and 48-hour-old breast-fed full-term infants

Background: Although galactose is an important component in human lactose, there are few reports of its role in the newborn metabolism. Objective: To determine the relationship of blood galactose and glucose levels in mothers, cord blood, and breast-fed full-term newborn infants. Methods: Maternal and cord vein blood samples were obtained from 27 pregnant women at delivery, and from their breastfed, full-term newborns 48 h later. Galactose and glucose were determined by HPLC. Statistical analysis used ANOVA and Pearson correlation with p < 0.05. Results: Maternal galactose concentrations (0.08 +/- 0.03 mmol/l) were similar to cord blood galactose (0.07 +/- 0.03 mmol/l; p = 0.129). However, newborn blood galactose (0.05 +/- 0.02 mmol/l) was significantly lower than both cord (p = 0.042) and maternal blood (p = 0.002). Maternal blood glucose levels (4.72 +/- 0.86 mmol/l) were higher than cord blood (3.98 +/- 0.57 mmol/l; p < 0.001), and cord blood concentrations were higher than newborn blood levels (3.00 +/- 0.56 mmol/l; p < 0.001); all values expressed as mean +/- SD. Significant correlation was only seen between maternal and cord blood galactose levels (r = 0.67; p < 0.001) and glucose levels (r = 0.38; p = 0.047). Conclusion: the association and similarity between maternal and cord blood galactose levels suggest that the fetus is dependent on maternal galactose. In contrast, the lower galactose levels in newborn infants and a lack of association between both suggest self-regulation and a dependence on galactose ingestion. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Gingival lesions diagnosed as pemphigus vulgaris in an adolescent. Case report

Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a fairly common disorder in which the gingivae show chronic desquamation. Originally considered to be related to hormonal changes at menopause, since many of the patients are middle-aged women, DG is now recognized to be mainly a manifestation of a number of disorders ranging from vesiculobullous diseases to adverse reactions to a variety of chemicals or allergens. Desquamative gingivitis can be an important early clinical manifestation of serious systemic diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. The authors present a case that illustrates the importance of a specific diagnosis in patients with desquamative gingival lesions previously treated for 6 months as classical gingivitis. Gingival biopsy showed histologic patterns typical of pemphigus vulgaris. The patient was treated with systemic and topical corticosteroids in association with miconazole the patient is now under control with low-close systemic corticosteroids. Proper recognition of lesions in the oral mucosa leads, in several situations, to an early diagnosis of a systemic disease.

Consumo de álcool entre estudantes do ensino médio do município de Passos - MG

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Enzymatic Activity, Sensitivity to Antifungal Drugs and Baccharis dracunculifolia Essential Oil by Candida Strains Isolated from the Oral Cavities of Breastfeeding Infants and in Their Mothers' Mouths and Nipples

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